tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-66572293308403820512024-03-19T12:21:04.248+00:00From Swerve of Shore to Bend of Bay'riverrun, past Eve and Adams, from swerve of shore to bend of bay, brings us by a commodius vicus of recirculation back to Howth Castle and Environs.' Finnegans Wake
Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.comBlogger153125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-58328279815589269182024-03-18T17:47:00.008+00:002024-03-19T12:20:31.185+00:00The Rivers of Anna Livia Plurabelle<div>Last year, on 26 April, the <a href="https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/critical/research/seminarsandreadinggroups/finneganswakereadinggroup/">Glasgow University Finnegans Wake Reading Group</a> started reading Joyce's favourite chapter, 'Anna Livia Plurabelle.' Every Wednesday morning, for two hours, we would meet on Zoom and discuss half a page or more of Joyce's text. The chapter is only twenty pages long, but it took us nine months to get through.</div><div><br />Joyce believed he'd included around 500 river names in the chapter, but river hunters have tracked down more than twice that number. He would have been surprised and delighted to learn this. Many were ordinary English words, which were already in the <a href="https://jjda.ie/f/flex/h/hd3.htm">first typescript</a> before he had the idea of adding rivers (e.g. '<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Went">went</a>', 'heart', 'rat', 'high', 'till', 'silver', 'stone', 'elm').</div><div><br /></div><div>There are 1117 rivers listed in<a href="http://www.fweet.org/cgi-bin/fw_grep.cgi?i=1&o=1&c=1&a=1&b=1&s=_C,Rivers_"> Raphael Slepon's Finnegans Wake Extensible Elucidation Treasury</a>. Here's how the list begins.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg04h8KQONwwt6jpP_tl79boMpvUj1CfMktp1BWqP65VUGS_Wfr2pCbmyoUc5_jun6OvwIo-49NNZ5qOXPNZZiyFODsKKGhoIA07OHDw_PH-XhdlpwU5XplsgwtgyMZufCPTFmRX0XNkpXrxk6E1CxJ_2yH9AIefpSU3OoYRtwrcx7K1dOUY5H-IAvIjA/s564/fweet.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg04h8KQONwwt6jpP_tl79boMpvUj1CfMktp1BWqP65VUGS_Wfr2pCbmyoUc5_jun6OvwIo-49NNZ5qOXPNZZiyFODsKKGhoIA07OHDw_PH-XhdlpwU5XplsgwtgyMZufCPTFmRX0XNkpXrxk6E1CxJ_2yH9AIefpSU3OoYRtwrcx7K1dOUY5H-IAvIjA/w400-h220/fweet.png" /></a><br /><br />The list, based on Roland McHugh's <i>Annotations to Finnegans Wake</i>, rarely gives information about where the rivers are. When we looked for the Cheb, the first one on the list, no river came up on google.<br /><br /><h4 style="text-align: left;">DAVY CUNNINGHAM, RIVER MONITOR</h4><br />At our first meeting, Davy Cunningham, <a href="https://www.eno.org/artists/davy-cunningham/">who designs the lighting for operas</a> when he's not reading Joyce, generously volunteered to be our river monitor. Every week, he would check the fweet list and try to locate the rivers, posting the results to the group's <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/992732634091543">Facebook page</a>. He's agreed to let me share his findings here.</div><div><br /></div><div>Davy talks what he learned from the search:</div><div><br /><b>'Some of the names are not rivers, but towns or mountains. I imagine this is because, when a name is written on a map, it's not always clear what it refers to. Many of them, particularly in Australia and Africa, are colonial in origin. Since many of the African countries have become independent since 1939, many of these colonial names have been replaced. As Joyce got many names from the index of an atlas the compiler of that index may have made some mistakes. Also, some alphabets don't have some letters, while others have additional letters, so spelling in transliteration becomes flexible. In the US many river names are taken from Native American languages. In other examples, where names are conveyed orally, misunderstandings occur, or the same river has different names in different languages.<br /><br />Joyce was really only interested in the sound of the words, and their use to him in forming the word-play of the Wake. I don't think he cared much where they were in the world, except maybe the Irish ones.<br /><br />Some names are very hard to search for, eg Error (p198 - L12). Try asking Google.<br />Another difficult one is Valley (p215 - L11).<br /><br />I have in one case, p197 - L26 Quagua, included a link to an old sketch map, where the name is written along the bends of the river.<br /><br />In another case, Trader Beck (p198 - L6), I can find a company of that name in the US, but no river.'</b></div><div><br /><div class="yiv8132208714elementToProof" style="outline: currentcolor;"><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0-YxHuw6vMED70JqFcq1SdQJVMfCjP3nfaPDFbmbzhOWqj87hDoGFwwA_OaavQgyWZDBQKuQgbjExq9kVPBzFVtJh0SeSaoRGenu11FTWLZzoRbKCHHVEjSRF0P9b7vc3256kZ4i-_GA7bDTrVyLU9pQNqKZOIAFJYq4j23aJGECoanojpGukP_ibug/s844/quaqua.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="293" data-original-width="844" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0-YxHuw6vMED70JqFcq1SdQJVMfCjP3nfaPDFbmbzhOWqj87hDoGFwwA_OaavQgyWZDBQKuQgbjExq9kVPBzFVtJh0SeSaoRGenu11FTWLZzoRbKCHHVEjSRF0P9b7vc3256kZ4i-_GA7bDTrVyLU9pQNqKZOIAFJYq4j23aJGECoanojpGukP_ibug/w640-h224/quaqua.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption"><span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #212529; font-size: x-small;"><span><a href="https://digital.library.illinois.edu/items/36bab6f0-e946-0133-1d3d-0050569601ca-7">Davy found this in an 1899 German atlas</a><br /></span></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="text-align: center;">Davy concluded that 15 of the entries in fweet were 'not a river'.</span></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><b style="text-align: center;"><br /></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><b style="text-align: center;">FW rivers on p196.</b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><b style="text-align: center;"><br /></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L6 - <b>Cheb</b> - not a river but a town in Czechia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L6 - <b>Went</b> - Yorkshire, tributary of the Don<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L6 - <b>Futa </b>- Chile, suitable for white water rafting<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L6 - <b>Taff </b>- Wales, flows though Cardiff<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L11 - <b>Reppe</b> - South of France, flows into the Med near Toulon.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Blackwater</b> - Northern Ireland, flows into Lough Neagh.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Steeping</b> - Lincolnshire, flows into the North Sea near Skegness<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Stupia </b>- Poland, flows into the Baltic at Ustka.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Upa</b> - Russia, tributary of the Oka, and eventually the Volga.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Heart </b>- North Dakota, tributary of the Missouri.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><br />L15 - <b>Saale</b> - Germany, flows through Halle.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L15 - <b>Duddon</b> - Lake District, flows into the Irish Sea<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17 - <b>Battle </b>- Canada, tributary of the Saskatchewan.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17 - <b>Moldau</b> - Vlatava - Czechia - flows through Prague - Smetana <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Dnieper</b> - now Belarus and Ukraine, war zone.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Ganges</b> - India<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Sendai </b>- Japan, flows into the Sea of Japan at Tottori<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Lough Neagh </b>- lake in Northern Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Locha</b> - </span><span lang="DE">Delbhna T</span><span lang="EN-US">í</span><span lang="DE">r Dh</span><span lang="EN-US">á Locha ("The Delbhna of the Two Lakes”), Connemarra.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L21 - <b>Nisi </b>- Nepal, tributary of the River Badigad, and eventually the Ganges<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L21 - <b>Fier</b> - Haute Savoie, France - north of Annecy, flows into the Rhone<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L21 - <b>Ilisus</b> - Flows through Athens, Greece - mostly underground now<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L21 - <b>King </b>- SW Australia, south of Perth<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Tom</b> - Siberia - flows through Tomsk</span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><br /></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">———————————————————————————————————-<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on page 197<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L3 - <b>High</b> - no river of that name, but town, Canada, Alberta, on River Highwood.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L3 - <b>Elde</b> - N Germany, </span><span lang="IT">tributary</span><span lang="EN-US"> of Elbe.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L4 - <b>Wiese</b> - Germany, Black Forest, </span><span lang="IT">tributary</span><span lang="EN-US"> of the Rhine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L4 - <b>Rat</b> - England, Suffolk.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L4 - <b>Derry</b> - Ireland, Leinster.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L7 - <b>Gard</b> (France), - River <b>Gardon</b>, Pont du Gard.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L7 - <b>Elster</b> - Germany, two rivers, Black and White.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L8 - <b>Qu’appele</b> - Canada, Saskatchewan province.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 -<b> Ur</b>, Üür - Northern Mongolia, south of Lake Baikal.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Concord</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA Mass, trib of Merrimack.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Merrimack</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA Mass, flows into Gulf of Maine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Bann</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Northern Ireland, through Lough Neagh.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Duck</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA, Tennessee, flows into Tenessee River.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Drake Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA various, Arkansas, Kentucky.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L16 - <b>Line</b> - England, East Sussex, near Battle<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Eye</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - England, two rivers, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">May</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Australia, NW.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Pasmore</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Canada, town called Passmore in British Columbia, but no river.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17 - <b>Don</b> - Scotland, England.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><span lang="EN-US">Tin - various eg River <b>Teign</b>, Dartmoor or <b>Kam Tin</b> River, Hong Kong.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Delvin </span></b><span lang="EN-US">- Ireland, Co Dublin, north of Dublin.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Devlin</b> - Ireland, tributary of River Boyne.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L21</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Astor </span></b><span lang="EN-US">- Pakistan, tributary of the Indus.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Adda</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - North Wales, Bangor.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Min</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - China, Sezchuan, tributary of the Yanktze.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Quagua </span></b><span lang="EN-US">(Africa), - Quaqua (or Cuacua) River, Mozambique, old sketch map, now called Bons Sinais.</span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><br /></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Waag </span></b><span lang="EN-US">- Switzerland, tributary of Minster.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2</span><span lang="RU">7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Grass</span></b><span lang="EN-US">- Canada, Manitoba, fur trade.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Ant </span></b><span lang="EN-US">- England, Norfolk, tributary of the Bure.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Ore</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> (Scotland) - Fife, flows into Leven.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Arques </span></b><span lang="EN-US">- France, Normandy, enters the English Channel at Dieppe.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Till </span></b><span lang="EN-US">- England, Northumberland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L30</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Tilt </span></b><span lang="EN-US">- Scotland, Perth and Kinross, tributary of the River Garry.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L31</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Gran</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Hungary, now called the <b>Hron</b>, tributary of the Danube.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L31</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Pheni </span></b><span lang="EN-US">- India & Bangladesh, eastern Bengal.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Pigeon </span></b><span lang="EN-US">(Canada) - Canada/US border, flows into Lake Superior. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L33</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Marchan</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Northern Spain, Galicia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L33</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Suie </span></b><span lang="EN-US">Burn - Scotland, Aberdeenshire.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Runa</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Spain, Navarre, now called the Arga, tributary of the Ebro.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Bow </span></b><span lang="EN-US">(Australia) - Kimberley, Western Australia/ Northern Territory.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Riss </span></b><span lang="EN-US">- Germany, Baden-Württemberg, tributary of the Danube.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Pilcomayo </span></b><span lang="EN-US">- Paraguy/ Bolivia, tributary of the Paraná.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L36</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Saskatchewan</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Canada, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Till </b>- Northumbria, tributary of Tweed<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Welle </b>- Uele - Congo and Central African Republic, tributary of the Umbomou<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Spring</b> - Todd - flows through Alice Springs, intermittent<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Roughty</b> - Ireland, County Kerry<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Loo </b>- Ireland, County Kerry<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><br /></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">——————————————————————————————————<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on p198<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L3 - <b>Swift</b> - England, Leicestershire, tributary of Avon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L3 - <b>Seba</b></span><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="EN-US"> Japan, near Nagano<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L4 - <b>Solomon</b></span><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="EN-US"> USA Kansas, tributary of Smoky Hill River<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L4 - <b>Ruhr</b></span><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="EN-US"> Germany tributary of Rhine<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L5 - <b>Spree</b> - Germany, Berlin tributary of Havel<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Boyarka</span></b><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="EN-US"> Ukraine, Kyiv<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Bua</span></b><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="EN-US"> Africa, Malawi, flows into Lake Malawi (aka Nyasa)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Boyne</span></b><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="EN-US"> Ireland, Co Kildare & Co Meath<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Bojana</span></b><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="EN-US"> Albania and Montenegro<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Buëch</span></b><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="EN-US"> France, tributary of Durance<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Erne</span></b><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="EN-US"> Ireland, Republic & Northern Ireland.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Lille</span></b><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="EN-US"> Lila, Iran.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L6 - <b>Trader Beck</b></span><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="EN-US"> ???<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L8 - <b>Winterbourne</b></span><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="EN-US"> England, Lewes, Sussex, dry in winter<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Syr Darya</b> - Kazakhstan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Bhader </b>(India) - Bhadar, Gujurat<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L11 - <b>Salso</b> - Sicily<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L11 - <b>Chambal</b> - India, tributary of the Ganges<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L11 - <b>Chu</b> - Kazahkstan and Kyrgyzstan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Error</b> - ???<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Chef</b> - Du Chef, Canada, Quebec<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Oise </b>- France, Belgium, flows into the Seine<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Gota</b> - Göta, Sweden, Gothenburg<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Yssel</b> - Netherlands<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>IJssel</b> (Netherlands) - as above, second river, same name<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Limmat</b> - Switzerland, Zurich<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - Rio <b>Negro</b> - Columbia, Brazil, Tributary of the Amazon, Alfred Russel Wallace.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - Rio<b> La Plata</b> - Argentina <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L15 - Ladder - <b>Lidder</b>, India, Kashmir<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L15 - <b>Conewango </b>Creek - USA, Pennsylvania, tributary of the Alleghenny<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L16 - <b>Sina</b> - India, Maharashtra<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L16 - <b>Santee</b> - USA, South Carolina<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17 - <b>Asse</b> - France, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Emme</b> - Switzerland, Bern <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Reuss </b>(Swiss) - Lucerne<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Cher </b>- France, tributary of the Loire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Honddu</b> (Wales) - Powys, flows into the Usk<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Yarkon</b> (Palestine) - Israel, Tel-Aviv<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Shari</b> - Africa, Central African Republic, Chad<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Ebro</b> - Spain, flows into Med in Catalonia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Skollis </b>- not a river, but a mountain in Greece<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Cox </b>- New Zealand, South Island<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Cocytus</b> (Hades), - frozen lake for those who betrayed trust (Dante <i>Inferno</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Sak</b> (Thailand), - Pa Sak<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Sake</b> - No river, but town in DR Congo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Botletle</b> - Africa, Botswana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Loa</b> - Chile, Antofogasta region.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Windau</b> - Latvia or Austria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Meuse</b> - France, Belgium, Netherlands<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Ribble</b> - England, Lancashire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Reedy</b> - USA, South Carolina.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Derg</b> - Ireland, Republic and Northern Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Bogan</b> - Australia, New South Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Bandon</b> - Ireland, County Cork<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Sure</b> - River Sûre, Luxembourg or River Suir, Kilkenny<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Fiddown</b> - town by river Suir, Kilkenny<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Don</b> (Scotland, Russia) - Aberdeenshire and Russia, flows into Sea of Azov<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Dee</b> (Scotland) - Aberdeenshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - <b>Bow</b> (Oz & Canada) - Canada, Calgary<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - <b>Tista</b> - India and Bangladesh, flows into Brahmaputra<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - <b>Suck</b> - Ireland, Shannon River Basin.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29 - <b>Humber</b> - England<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29 - <b>Glomman</b> - Norway<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29 - <b>Tar</b> - Ireland, Tipperary<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L30 - <b>Bubu</b> - Africa, Tanzania<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L31 - <b>Bale</b> - Africa, Mali<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Brantas</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Indonesia, East Java, flows into Java Sea near Surabaya.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Nera</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Italy, Terni<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L33 - <b>Barrow</b> - Ireland, rises in Slieve Bloom.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L34 - <b>Sittang</b> - Myanmar<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L34 - <b>Sambre</b> - France and Belgium, tributary of the Meuse<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L34 - <b>Sette</b> - Congo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L34 - <b>Drammen</b> - Norway<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35 - Drome - <b>Drôme</b>, France, tributary of the Rhône<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35 - <b>Usk</b> - South Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35 - <b>Rufu</b> - Africa, Tanzania<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><br /></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">——————————————————————————————————-<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on p199<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L1 - <b>Mormon</b> - Moormans River, Virginia USA, or Mormon Ferry on the Green River, Wyoming<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L1 - <b>Thames</b> - England<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L1 - <b>Hop</b> - USA Connecticut<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Moi</b> - Moy, Ireland, County Mayo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L3 - <b>Peck</b> - London, Peckham<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L4 - <b>Crocodile</b> - South Africa, becomes the Limpopo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L5 - <b>Hunse</b> - Netherlands<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L5 - <b>Weir</b> - Australia, Queensland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L5 - <b>Dande</b> - Africa, Angola<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L6 - <b>Drôme</b> - France, tributary of the Rhône<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L7 - <b>Zwarte</b> - Netherlands, flows through Hasselt<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L7 - <b>Kowsha</b> - Russia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L8 - <b>Worth</b> - West Yorkshire, Keighley<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L8 - <b>Thet</b> - Norfolk, Thetford, tributary of the Ouse.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Mess</b> - Luxembourg<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Dodo</b> - Africa, Nigeria, flows into Gulf of Giunea<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Durme</b> - Belgium, tributary of the Scheldt.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Adra</b> - Spain, Andalucia, flows into Med<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Drance</b> - Dranse, Switzerland, tributary of the Rhône.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Durance</b> - France, tributary of the Rhone, enters south of Avignon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Vaal</b> - South Africa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Severn</b> - England & Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L11 - <b>Darent</b> - Kent, flows through Dartford<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L11 - <b>Wink</b> - Nottinghamshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Wende</b>, Germany<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Wandle</b>, South London, Wimbledon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Amazon - </b>Brasil<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Ishim</b> - Kazakhstan and Russia, flows through Astana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Dan</b> - USA N Carolina and Virginia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L 14 - <b>Euphrates - </b>Iraq<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L15 - <b>Maggia</b> - Switzerland & Italy, flows into lake Maggiore<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L15 - <b>Bloem</b> - Bloemfontain River, South Africa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L16 - <b>Lay</b> - France, Vendée<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Tay</b> - Scotland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Dzo</b> - Not a river, but a cross between a yak and a cow<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Dzugban</b> - not a river, maybe Dzherman, Bulgaria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Kafue</b> - zambia, tributary of the Zambezi<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Mokau</b> - New Zealand, North Island<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Au Sable </b>- USA, Michigan, flows into Lake Huron<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Si-Kiang</b> - China, tributary of the Pearl River<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Sukri</b> - India, Rajastan.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Ale </b>Water - Scotland, tributary of Teviot<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Shinko</b> - Central African Republic, tributary of the Mbomou River<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Ham</b>, Africa, Namibia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Jam</b> - not a river but a town in Iran on Persian Gulf<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Jambi</b> - Sumatra<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Bana </b>- Nigeria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L21 - <b>Tomi </b>- Russia, Tomsk<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Goyt </b>- England, trib of Mersey<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Russ </b>- Not a river, a village in NE France<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Vivero </b>- Viviero, NE Spain<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Sieve </b>- Italy trib of Arno<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Metauro </b>- Italy east coast<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Swale </b>- England<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Hardey </b>- Western Australia<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Frome </b>- Dorset<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Stour </b>- East Anglia<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Sow </b>- Staffordshire, trib of Trent<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Sozh </b>- Russia, belarus and Ukraine<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Platte </b>- Nebraska<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Tawe </b>- Wales, Swansea<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - <b>Esk </b>- Scotland, Lothian<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - <b>Vistula </b>- Poland<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - <b>Heart - US </b>- North Dakota<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29 - <b>Suchio </b>- Italy<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L30 - <b>Hen </b>- not a river, a village in Norway<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L34 - <b>Roya </b>- France and Italy<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L34 - <b>Romanche </b>- SE France<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L34 - <b>Ebro </b>- Spain<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L34 - <b>Aroostook </b>- US, Maine<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L34 - <b>Nive </b>- Australia, Queensland<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35 - <b>Sense </b>- Switzerland<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35 - <b>Arta </b>- not a river, village in Greece<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L36 - <b>Fan </b>- Albania<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L36 - <b>Anner </b>- Ireland, Co Tipperary<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L36 - <b>Dasht </b>- Pakistan<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L36 - <b>Vire </b>- Normandy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">—————————————————————————————————-<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on P200<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L1 - <b>Nith</b> - River - Scotland, flows through Dumfries<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Jade</b> - Lower Saxony<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Robe</b> - Ireland, County Mayo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Wood</b> - Canada, Saskatchewan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L4 - <b>Brahmani</b> - Eastern India<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L5 - <b>Fem</b> - Netherlands<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L7 - <b>Wkra</b> - NE Poland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L11 - <b>Var</b> - SE France, flows into the Med at Nice<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Sanga</b> - Central Africa, tributary of the Congo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Holme</b> - West Yorkshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Pigg</b> - USA, Virginia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Soar</b> - East Midlands, flows through Leicester<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Tone</b> - Somerset<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Sonora</b> - Mexico<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Botha</b> - Canada<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Bheri</b> - Nepal<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Sandy</b> (USA) - Oregon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L15 - <b>Umvolosy</b> - Madagascar<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L15 - <b>Yaw</b> - Myanmar, tributary of the Irriwaddy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L16 - <b>Dee</b> - several<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L16 - <b>Yare</b> - Norfolk<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L16 - <b>Chalk</b> - not a particular river, but a stream in chalk hills<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17 - <b>Sorgue</b> - France, flows into Rhone at Avignon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17 - <b>Doon</b> - Ayrshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Douro</b> - Spain and Portugal<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Dudhi</b> - India<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Shirvan</b> - not a river, a town in Azerbaijan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Siligir</b> - Russia, Siberia, nothing there.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Wensum</b> - Norfolk<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Farmer</b> Creek - USA Oregon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Daer</b> - tributary of the Clyde at Elvanfoot<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Grawe</b> - Isle of Man reservoir<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Shubenacadie</b> - Canada, Nova Scotia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Sihl</b> - Switzerland, near Zurich<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28 - <b>Siller</b> - ???<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28 - <b>Silver</b> - Ireland, Co Offaly, Slieve Bloom<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29 - <b>Neisse</b> - German/Polish border<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29 - <b>Little</b> - Canada, Vancouver Island<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L30 - <b>Inny</b> - Cornwall<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L31 - <b>Pleisse</b> - Saxony and Thuringia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L31 - <b>Adda</b> - Northern Italy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L31 - <b>Tamar</b> - Devon and Cornwall<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L31 - <b>Liz</b> - USA, Elizabeth river, Chesapeake Bay<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L31 - <b>Lossie</b> - NE Scotland, near Elgin <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - <b>Hab</b> - Pakistan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L33 - <b>Wye</b> - England/Wales border<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Rye</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - North York Moors<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Rima</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Africa - Nigeria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Odet</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Brittany<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L34 - <b>Trent </b>Hail - Just Trent<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35 - <b>Pian</b> Creek Australia - North New South Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35 - <b>Piana</b> - Russia, word for drunk<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35 - <b>Pienaars</b> - South Africa, North of Pretoria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L36 - <b>Lerryn</b> - Cornwall<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L36 - <b>Cushing</b> Creek - Northern California<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on p201 <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L1 - <b>Tummel</b> - Scotland Perth & Kinross, tributary of the Tay<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L1 - <b>Rede</b> - Otterburn, Northumberland <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L4 - <b>Ore</b> - Fife<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L3 - <b>Tarn</b>, France, North of Toulouse<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L4 - <b>Essone</b> - France, trib of Seine<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L4 - <b>Inn</b> - Austria, Innsbruck<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L8 - <b>Dane</b> - England, Cheshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L8 - <b>Hodder</b> - England, Lancashire <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L8 - <b>Dodder</b> - trib of the Liffey<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>May</b> - Western Australia, Kimberley<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Honey</b> Creek - USA, many<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Embira</b> - Brazil, trib of Amazon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Irwell</b> - Manchester<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Shire</b> - Mozambique, trib of Zambezi<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L16 - <b>Milk</b> - US, Montana, trib of Missouri<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17 - <b>Brittas</b>, - County Wicklow - Brittas Bay - beach and town<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Tolka</b> - North Dublin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Feale</b> - County Cork<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Gaya</b> - East China (but also city in India)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Aire</b> - Yorkshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Salt</b> - Africa, Cape Town & US, Arizona<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L21 - <b>Onon</b> - Russia & Mongolia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L21 - <b>Teign</b> - Devon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Ingul</b> - Ukraine (Inhul)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Potters</b> - County Wicklow<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Fly</b> - Indonesia - Papua New Guinea<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Jagst</b> - Germany, Baden Würtemburg<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Vesle</b> - N. France, flows through Reims<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Vet</b> - South Africa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Fever</b> - Wisconsin (also called the Galena)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Mahu</b> - Solomon Islands<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Mahon</b> - Ireland, County Waterford<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Horse</b> Creek, US, Wyoming<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Hazel</b> Creek, US North Carolina<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>King’s</b> US - 1 California, 2 Arkansas<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 -<b> King’s Inns Quay</b> - Liffey, Four Courts<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Inn</b> - Austria, Innsbruck<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - <b>Leven</b> - Loch Lomond to the Clyde<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28 - <b>Rede</b> - Northumberland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L30 - <b>Mean</b> - ??? - Meander, Turkey<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Acu</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Açu, Brazil<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Cumina</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Russia, Kumina, Perm - or - Cuminapanema, Brazil<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Moy</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Counties Sligo and Mayo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Ola</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Russia, Far East, flows into Sea of Okhotsk<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L33 - <b>Box</b> - Suffolk<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 -</span><b><span lang="RU"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Box Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> (Oz) - Queensland, nothing there.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Bishop’s Brook</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - NY state, near Syracuse<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Cane</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Louisianna<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Kundar</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Pakistan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L34 - <b>Ayr</b> - Ayrshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 -</span><span lang="RU"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Yea</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Australia, Victoria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35 - <b>Loddon</b> - also Australia, Victoria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 23.466667px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">————————————————————————————<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on p202<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Nord</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Canada</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Suke</b> - Sooke, Canada, BC<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Sudd</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Swamp in South Sudan, on Nile.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Mess</span></b><span lang="FR"> - Luxembourg</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Missouri</span></b><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="EN-US"> USA<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Haw</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - North Carolina, trib of Cape Fear River.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Shoal</span></b><span lang="PT"> - Florida panhandle</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Owen</span></b><span lang="NL"> - New Zealand, </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">T</span></b><b><span lang="SV">ö</span><span lang="EN-US">ss</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Switzerland, Zurich.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Nare</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Colombia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Cam</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Cambridge</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="SV">Camlin</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ireland, trib of Shannon, kayaking<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="SV">Neckar</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Germany, Black Forest, Stuttgart, Heidelberg, trib of Rhine</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Dive</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Normandy, flows into English</span><span lang="IT"> Channel</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Font</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Northumberland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Link</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Oregon</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Tapti</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - India, Madya Pradesh<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Jutai</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Brazil</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Pietar</span></b><span lang="RU"> - </span><span lang="EN-US">Spain<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Clyde</span></b><span lang="RU"> - </span><span lang="EN-US">Scotland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Waihou</b></span><span lang="NL"> - New Zealand</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Thur</b></span><span lang="DE"> - Switzerland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Huebra</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Spain</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Tilar</b> - Tilar Nadi, India<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Sauldre</b></span><span lang="FR"> - France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Salor</span></b><span lang="PT"> - Rio Salor, Spain</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Pieman</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Tasmania<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Peace</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Canada, BC</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Polista</span></b><span lang="IT">, Russia - Polist, Novgorod, W Russia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Elwy</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Wales - North Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Esk</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Angus, Dumfries & Galloway, Northumberland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Vardar</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - North Macedonia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Aherlow</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ireland, Co Limerick<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Arc</b></span><span lang="FR"> - France, Savoie</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Fidaris</b> - Greece<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Doubs</b></span><span lang="NL"> - France & Switzerland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Niemen</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Belarus, Lithuania<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Nile</b></span><span lang="RU"> - </span><span lang="EN-US">Egypt<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - <b>Nuanetzi</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Zimbabwe, trib of Zambezi</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Tez</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Russia, Ivanovo, near Moscow</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Thelon</b> - Northern Canada<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Langlo</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Oz, Queensland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Wear</b></span><span lang="RU"> - </span><span lang="EN-US">NE England<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Loon</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Canada US border</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Wabash</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Ohio</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Tow</b> - Towy, Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Sid</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Devon</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Huon</b> - Oz, Tasmania<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Gravelly</b> - Delaware<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Wolf</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Tennessee</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Blyth</b> - Suffolk<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Ofin</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Ghana</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Jump</b> - Wisconsin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Jumna</b> - Northern India, sacred<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Silva</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Russia, Perm (anomolous zone?)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29 - <b>Hay</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Canada, Alberta</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Sun</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA Montana<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Foss</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Yorkshire, trib of Ouse in York<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Sankh</span></b><span lang="IT"> - India</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Neath</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - South Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Tigris</span></b><span lang="RU"> - </span><span lang="EN-US">Iraq<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Corrib</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Ireland - Galway<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Nula</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Russia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">——————————————————————————-<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW Rivers on p203<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Bride</b> - Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Grain</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - no river, Isle of Grain, River Medway<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Asat</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Asata, Nigeria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Wellington</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Victoria, Australia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Lesse</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Belgium</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Lagos</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Lagoon, Nigeria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Dove</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Peak District<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Duna</span></b><span lang="RU"> -</span><span lang="RU"> </span><span lang="SV">(Danube)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Sarthe</b> - France, near Le Mans<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Suir</b>, - Tipperary and Munster<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Finn</b> - Ulster, Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Mourne</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ulster<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Nore</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Munster</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Lieve</span></b><span lang="NL"> </span><b><span lang="IT">Canal</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Belgium</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Bloem</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - no river, Bloemfontain South Africa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Bray</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Leinster</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Braye</span></b><span lang="FR"> - France, trib of Loire </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Divatte</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - France, trib of Loire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Moy</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Connacht</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Colne</b></span><span lang="DE"> - Essex, Colchester</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Neya</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Russia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Narev</b> - Narew, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Nen</b> - East Midlands<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Nonni</span></b><span lang="NL"> - NE China</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Nos</span></b><span lang="ZH-TW"> - Wales?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Ow</b> - Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Avoca</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Co Wicklow</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Ystwith</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ceredigion, Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Yokanka</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Murmansk, Russia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Yukon</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Alaska<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Dell Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Wisconsin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Fairy Water</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Tyrone, Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Ferse</span></b><span lang="DE"> Verse, - North Rhine-Westphalia Germany</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Dinkel</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Germany and Netherlands<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Dale</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Western Australia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Lugg</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Wales, trib of Wye<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Lava</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Corsica</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Derg</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - County Donegal<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Juna</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Yuna, Dominican Republic<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Juny</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Andorra</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Oso</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Corsica</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Nance</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Alabama, trib of Tennessee River<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Escaut</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - French name of Scheldt, Belgium<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Sycamore</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="IT"> - California</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Singimari</b></span><span lang="IT"> - India</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Struma</b> - Bulgaria and Greece<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Red</b> - China and Viet Nam or USA, Texas<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Bug</b> - Poland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Vaucluse</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Fontaine-de-Vaucluse, Provence, source of R. La Sorgue<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Lucy</span></b><span lang="DA"> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - South Carolina<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Arrone</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Italy, near Rome<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Orange</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - South Africa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - <b>Eye</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Scotland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29 - <b>Mavri</b> - not a river but a mountain in Crete<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Tees</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - England<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Maas</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Flemish name for the Meuse, France and Belgium<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - <b>Mesha</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Russia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - <b>Simba</b> <b>Uranga</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Tanzania</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Ogi</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Japan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Thurso</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Caithness<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Ba</span></b><b><span lang="NL">ï</span><span lang="EN-US">se</span></b><span lang="FR"> - France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Lippe</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Germany<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Acis</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Italy, Sicily, foot of Mount Etna<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Kiso</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Japan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Kushk</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Afghanistan Turkmenistan border</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Nive</span></b><span lang="FR"> - France, Basque</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Neva</span></b><span lang="NL"> - St Petersburg or Niva, Murmansk</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">———————————————————————————————-<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on p204<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Aisne</b></span><span lang="NL"> - NE France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Tura</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Siberia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Liffey - </span></b><span lang="EN-US">Ireland<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Na</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span dir="RTL" face=""Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif" lang="AR-SA"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>’</span><span lang="EN-US">aman</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Israel<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Went</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, England - Yorkshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Birch</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Canada - Manitoba<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Canoe</span></b><span lang="IT"> - USA Mass.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Lea</b>, England - SE, trib of Thames<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Leda</b>, Germany - Lower Saxony<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Raidak</b> - Bhutan, India & Bangladesh, trib of Brahmaputra<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Cygnet</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - South Australia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Chirripo</span></b><span lang="PT"> - Costa Rica</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Po</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Italy</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Lay</span></b><span lang="FR"> - France, Vendé</span><span lang="EN-US">e<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Black</b> - Many in USA, and in translation worldwide<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Rainy</b> - Canada/US border, Ontario and Minnesota<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Findhorn</span></b><span lang="NL"> - NE Scotland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Flinders</b> - Australia, Queensland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Fleury</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - not a river, a village<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Flores</span></b><span lang="ES-TRAD"> - Puerto Rico</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Back</b> - Canada, extreme north<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Loth</b> - Not a river but a village in NE Scotland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28 - <b>Rother</b> - South Yorkshire and East Sussex<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Jub</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Jubba, Somalia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Wieprz</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Poland, trib of the Vistula<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Rance</span></b><span lang="NL"> - NW France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Vesdre</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Belgium</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Colo</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - New South Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Oder</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Polish/German border<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Magra</span></b><span lang="NL"> - NW Italy</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Aird</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Region of Scotland, N of Great Glen, means the high place<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Baptiste</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Canada, Alberta</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">—————————————————————<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers p205<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Paar</b> - Germany<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Old</b> - ? Old Bedford River, Great Ouse.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Welland</b> - Eastern England, flows through Stamford<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L7 - <b>Nuble</b> - Chile<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L7 - <b>Ellis</b> - USA, New Hampshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Annan</b> - Scotland, flows through Moffat and Lockerbie<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Exe</b> - Devon & Somerset<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Keowee</b> - Oconee County, South Carolina<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>May</b> - Western Australia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Wiske</b> - Yorkshire, trib of Swale<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L15 - <b>Amstel</b> - Amsterdam<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L15 - <b>Garonne</b> - France<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L16 - <b>Meriç</b> - or Maritsa, Bulgaria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Corda</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Brazil</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Saturday</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - maybe trib of Susquehanna.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="DA">Zindeh</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Isfahan, vanished in earthquake, 1853<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Sunday</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Sundays, South Africa, Eastern Cape<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="PT">Mun</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Shortened Mundesley, Norfolk<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L17</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Monday</span></b><span lang="ES-TRAD"> - Paraguay</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">White</span></b><span lang="DE"> - 5 in USA, one in St Austell, Cornwall</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Egg</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Minnesota, (Egg and Bacon Bay, OZ)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L21</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Kunna</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - not river, but village in India - Kura, Caucuses<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Thew</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Glamorgan</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Sava</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Balkans, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Savuto</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Calabria, S Italy</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="DE">Erriff</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ireland, Co Mayo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="DA">Arve</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - France & Switzerland, trib of Rhone<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="FR">Inn</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Austria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Scour</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Feature of rivers<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="DA">Vartry</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Wicklow - water for Dublin, Sally Gap<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Ikom</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - area of Croos River State, Nigeria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="DE">Etsch</span></b><span lang="DE"> - German Adige, N Italy</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Cammock</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Camac, Dublin, means bend<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="IT">Ross</span></b><span lang="NL"> - N Queensland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="IT">Turco</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Town in Bolivia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Evros</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Bulgaria, same as Meri</span><span lang="EN-US">ç<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Peiho</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Beijing<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="NL">Ubangi</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Central African Republic - French colonial Ubangi-Shari<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L33</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="IT">Tiaret</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - city in Algeria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L33</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Busby</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Town in E Renfrewshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L34</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Neva</span></b><span lang="NL"> - St Petersburg</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L34</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="DE">Pete</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Peters, Mass & Rhode Island<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L35</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="PT">Cabin</span></b><span lang="PT"> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - W Virginia, trib of Kanawha River<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L36</span><span lang="RU"> - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Enna</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Bergamo Alps, N. Italy</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">————————————————————-<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on p206<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Mauldre</span></b><span lang="DE"> - France trib. of Seine</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Caguan</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Colombia, Amazon basin</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Ma</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Viet Nam, Song Ma<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Hong</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - (Red) China & Vietnam, flows onto Gulf of Tonkin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Alaw</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Wales</span><span lang="EN-US">, Anglesey<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Styx</span></b><span lang="DA"> - hell</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Wynd</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> <b>Brook</b> - near Tewksbury, Gloucestershire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Virgin</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - US, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, trib of Colorado<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Nievre</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - France, trib of Loire, name of d</span><span lang="FR">é</span><span lang="EN-US">partement.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8- </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Dungu</span></b><span lang="DA"> - DR</span><span lang="DA"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Congo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Meurthe</b> - NE France, trib of Moselle<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Maguera</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - maybe Brazil, but Mapuera, trib of trib of Amazon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Zak</b></span><span lang="DE"> - Klein Zak, South Africa</span><span lang="EN-US">, Northern Cape<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Boucq</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - town in Meurthe et Moselle<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Moore</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Oz, Western Oz, north of Perth.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Giguela</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Spain, Castille/La Mancha</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Rabbit</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Minnesota, trib of Bois de Sioux<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Min</span></b><span lang="DE"> - China, Sichuan</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Mina</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Africa, Algeria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Aa</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - NW France, flows into English Channel<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Minho</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Spanish </span><span lang="EN-US">/ </span><span lang="PT">Portugese border</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Dargle</b> - Wicklow, Powerscourt waterfall<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Chanza</span></b><span lang="PT"> - Spain & Portugal</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Tirry</b></span><span lang="NL"> - NE Scotland</span><span lang="EN-US">, north of Lairg<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Avre</b> - Normandy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Woman</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Ontario, Canada?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Bow</b> - Oz & Canada<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Oise</b> - Northern France, trib of Seine<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Slaney</b> - Wicklow, flows into Irish Sea at Wexford<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Deel</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Cork & Limerick</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Tongue</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Montana & N. Dakota</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Thet</b> - Norfolk, Thetford.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Thouet</b> - France, trib of Loire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Scheldt</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Belgium</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Lynd</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Australia, Queensland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - <b>Ash</b> - Hertfordshire, near Stansted<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Cannon</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA Minnesota, Australia Queensland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Fal</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Cornwall (Falmouth)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Teviot</span></b><span lang="NL"> - trib of Tweed</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Sampu</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Sambu, Panama<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Gala</span></b><span lang="NL"> - trib of Tweed, Galashiels</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - <b>Fragua</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Colombia, Amazon Basin</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - <b>Wupper</b></span><span lang="FR"> - trib of Rhine, Wuppertal</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Laua</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Philippines<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - <b>Lauer</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Bavaria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - <b>Greese</b></span><span lang="DE"> - Wicklow</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - <b>Reese</b> - Nevada, trib of Humboldt<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Warthe</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Warth Weir on Irwell, or Warta in Poland, through Poznan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Wear</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - NE England<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Mole</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Surrey, trib of Thames<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Itchen</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Hampshire, near Southampton<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Serpentine</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - London, Lake on river Westbourne, also Alaska.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Leaf</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - US, Mississippi<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Prunelli</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Corsica</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Isle</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - SW France, trib of Dordogne <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Esla</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Spain, trib of Duero</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Dun</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Wiltshire & Berkshire, trib of Kennet<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Peel</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Canada, Yukon, trib of the MacKenzie<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Mary</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Oz, Queensland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Gold</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Nova Scotia, Canada, but also China, now called the Ashi<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Belly</span></b><span lang="IT"> - US Montana & Alberta, Canada</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">———————————————————————————————<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on p207<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Anguille</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - US, Arkansas<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Richmond</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - New South Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Rehr</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Ruhr? Village called Rehren, west of Hanover.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Rhine</span></b><span lang="RU"> - Europe</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Stone</span></b><span lang="NL"> US - Tennessee</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Smut</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ballysmuttan bridge over Liffey, county Wicklow?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Eye</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Leicestershire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Lippe</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Germany, trib of Rhine<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Birrie</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - New South Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Indre</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, France - trib of the Loire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Loire</span></b><span lang="FR"> - France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Grande</span></b><span lang="NL"> - US Mex border</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Real</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Brazil</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Mississippi</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Missouri</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Brie</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - not river but town N France<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Arros</span></b><span lang="NL"> - SW France, Pyrenees</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Mine</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Lots of mines on rivers<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Bride</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Ireland - Cork and Waterford<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Zambezi</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - South Africa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Slang</span></b><span lang="IT">, Africa - Mpumalanga, South Africa, </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Oyster</b> - USA New Hampshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Forth</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Scotland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Bassein</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Myanmar<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - <b>Spiti</b></span><span lang="IT"> - India</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Irthing</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Cumbria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Neath</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Wales</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Lomba</b></span><span lang="PT"> - Angola</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Mosel</b>, Moselle - France and Germany<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Ogowe</b> - Gabon, West Africa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Julia</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Kenya<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Ishikari</b> - Japan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Washimeska</span></b><span lang="ES-TRAD"> - Quebec, Canada</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Arish</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Wadi-al-Arish, Egypt</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Caratirimani</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Brazil</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Bonaventura</span></b><span lang="ES-TRAD"> - Quebec, Canada</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Malagasy</b> - Adjective for Madagascar<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Malagarasi</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Tanzania</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Oudon</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Western France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Liddel</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Scottish/English border<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Test</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Hampshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Peace</span></b><span lang="PT"> - Alberta, Canada</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Hooghly</span></b><span lang="IT"> - India</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Iglau</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Czech Republic<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Bush</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Moma</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Russia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Ems</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - West Sussex, Chichester Harbour<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Embarrass</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Illinois, trib of Wabash<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Aue</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Two, both in Germany<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Awe</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Scotland, Loch Awe</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Judy</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Alaska<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Queen</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Tasmania <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">————————————————————————————<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers p208<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Elbe</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Germany<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Saisi</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Zambia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Save</b></span><span lang="PT"> - Zimbabwe & Mozambique</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Tagus</span></b><span lang="PT"> - Spain, Portugal, Lisbon</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Werra</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Germany<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Ourthe</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Belgium</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Big</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Canada, Saskatchewan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Epte</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Northern France<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Liddel</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - S Scotland & N England<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Longa</span></b><span lang="IT"> - India & Bangladesh</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Linth</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Switzerland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Hat</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="IT"> - California & Georgia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Guadalquivir</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Spain</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Arno</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Italy</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Guil</b></span><span lang="FR"> - France, Haut-Alpes</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Owl</b>, Canada - Manitoba<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Eye</b>, Scotland - Eyemouth<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Fish</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Nimabia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Netze</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Poland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Hydaspes</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Pakistan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Boucq</span></b><span lang="FR"> - France, Meurthe et Moselle</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Aube</span></b><span lang="DE"> - France, trib of Seine</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Gallego</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Argentina</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L 13- <b>Vaipar</b></span><span lang="IT"> - India, Tamil Nadu</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L 13- </span><b><span lang="PT">Tinto</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Spain</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Line</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Lune or Loyne, Cumbria and Lancashire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Blood</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - South Africa (battle 1838)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Orange</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - South Africa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Black</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - 47 Black Rivers, five continents<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Tan</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Southern China<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Joseph</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Ohio, trib of Maumee</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Sequana</span></b><span lang="DE"> (Seine) - France, godess of Seine</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Lea</b> - England<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Swan</b> - Western Australia, runs through Perth<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Gaspereau</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Nova Scotia, Canada</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Hay</b> - Northwest Territories, Canada<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Roper</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Northern Territory, Australia, flows into Gulf of Carpentaria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Codroy</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Newfoundland, Canada<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Alpheus</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Greece, Peleponnese<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Windrush</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Trib of Thames<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Somme</span></b><span lang="FR"> - France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Sioule</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Massif Central, France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - </span><b><span lang="SV">Lunga</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - </span><b><span lang="SV">Gumti</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Uttar Pradesh, India, trib of Ganges<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Elk</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - West Virginia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28 - <b>Nazas</b> - Northern Mexico<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Lotsani</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Botswana</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Trothy</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Wales, Monmouthshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Poddle</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Dublin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - <b>Fol</b></span><span lang="EN-US"> - Fal, Cornwall, Falmouth<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Fenny</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Bangladesh</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Hex</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - South Africa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Char</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Dorset<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Musha</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Papua New Guinea</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Mullet</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Wisconsin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Belon</span></b><span lang="NL"> - France, Brittany</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Chariton</span></b><span lang="FR"> - Missouri</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Queen</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Tasmania<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">May</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Western Australia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Regnitz</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Bavaria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Wharfe</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Yorkshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Darling</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - New South Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Murray</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - New South Wales, Victoria<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Mirror</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Japan - Kagami means mirror<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Mersey</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Liverpool</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">K</span></b><b><span lang="SV">ö</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span></b><b><span lang="SV">ö</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Eastern Hungary</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">——————————————————————————————<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers p209<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Waal</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Netherlands, trib of Rhine<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Eel</span></b><span lang="IT"> - California</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Jucar</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Spain, flows into Med south of Valencia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Oich</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Scotland, Great Glen<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Meander</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Turkey, West coast, flows into Med near Miletus, Homer.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Bonnet</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ireland, Sligo, one n or two<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Avon</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Stratford<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Fish</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Africa - South Africa, Eastern Cape<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Clarence</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Australia, New South Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">An</span></b><span lang="IT"> - No river</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Anabar</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Northern Russia, temp below 0, 8 months of year, Jan & Feb -30<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Crouch</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - England, Essex<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Bates</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="FR"> - USA, Missouri</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">South</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA, Georgia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Granite</b> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Canada, British Columbia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Bhagirathi</b> - India, Uttarakhand, Headstream of Ganges<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Hatti</b></span><span lang="IT"> - India, Karnataka</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Tembe</span></b><span lang="PT"> - Afric, Mozambique</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Pili</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Nigeria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Saaservisp</span></b><span lang="DE">(a) - Switzerland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Taas</b>, England - Norfolk Tas<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Thunder</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA Arizona, Grand Canyon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Battle</b>, Canada - Canada, Northern Saskatchewan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Soo</span></b><span lang="PT"> Canal -</span><span lang="EN-US"> Canada, connects Lakes Superior and Huron<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Aube</span></b><span lang="FR"> - France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Bearba</b> - Irish origin of River Barrow<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Son</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - India, trib of Ganges<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Worth</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Yorkshire, Haworth<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Spey</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Scotland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Prut</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Romania, trib of Danube</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Arun</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Sussex</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Gironde</span></b><span lang="FR"> - France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Waveney</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Norfolk/Suffolk<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Lyne</b> - 2, one in Cumbria, the other in Peebleshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Garumna</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Latin name of Garonne<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Boulder</b> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="IT"> - California</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Narova</b></span><span lang="ES-TRAD"> - Estonia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Arrow</b> - Powys and Herefordshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Vet</b> - South Africa, trib of the Vaal<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Curaray</span></b><span lang="ES-TRAD"> - Ecuador & Peru</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Medway</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Kent (Medway towns)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Weser</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Germany<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Eder</b> - Gemany, North Rhine/ Westphalia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Eider</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Germany, Schleswig Holstein</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Chattahoochee</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA Georgia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Ain</b></span><span lang="FR"> - France, Jura</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Chichiu</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Maybe Mexico, maybe Solomon Islands<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Cree</b> - Scotland, Wigtown/Kirkcudbright<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Nisling</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Canada, Yukon</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Isole</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Brittany</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Rom</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Essex, trib of Thames<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Lech</b> - Austria, Germany, trib of Danube<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Dart</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Dartmoor</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Hans</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Han, South Korea, through Soeul<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - <b>Box</b> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Oz - Queensland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Aisch</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Bavaria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - <b>Ivari</b> - ??? Fish farm in Greece<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29 - <b>Fleet</b></span><span lang="IT"> - London</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Glashaboy</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Co. Cork</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Polly</span></b><span lang="NL"> - NW Scotland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Polimounty</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Co Wexford<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Vivi</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Siberia or Puerto Rico<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Vienne</span></b><span lang="NL"> - SW France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Sula</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Russia, Arkangel</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Susurluk</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Turkey, flows into sea of Marmara<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Aubone</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Switserland (Aubonne)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Tambre</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - NW Spain<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Chir</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Russia, trib of Don</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">————————————————————————————-<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers p210<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Jari</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Brazil, trib of Amazon</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - <b>Dive</b></span><span lang="EN-US"> - W France<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - <b>Neb</b></span><span lang="EN-US"> - Isle of Man<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Sacco</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Italy, Rome</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Wabash</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Indiana, trib of Ohio<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Raab</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - SE Austria, trib of Danube<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Maun</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Nottinghamshire</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Arigna</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Co Kilkenny<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Ribble</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - N Yorks and Lancashire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Derry</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Co Wicklow/Co Wexford</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Wicker</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Wicker Branch, N Carolina</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Pot</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Shannon Pot, source</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Bucha</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ukraine, Kyiv<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Bann</span></b><span lang="NL"> - N Ireland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Barrow</span></b><span lang="NL"> - SE Ireland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Lee</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Cork/Kerry<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>MacFarlane</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Canada</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Shin</span></b><span lang="NL"> - NW Scotland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Walker</b></span><span lang="PT"> - Nevada</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Papar</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Malaysia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Tech</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - France, French/ Spanish border<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Tombigbee</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Mississippi & Alabama</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Hayes</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Canada, N. Manitoba</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Heart</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> US - North Dakota<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Val</b> - South Africa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - <b>Mackenzie</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Canada, longest river</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Blanche</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Canada, Ontario</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Snake</b> US & Canada - Wyoming, Idaho, Oregon, Washington<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Reisa</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Northern Norway<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Tweed</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Scotland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Mobile</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Alabama<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Saar</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - NE France & W Germany<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30- </span><b><span lang="DA">Jordan</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Jordan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Orne</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Normandy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Box</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> OZ - Queensland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Powder</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Canada & US - Wyoming & Montana</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Arun</span></b><span lang="NL"> - West Sussex</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Rh</span><span lang="EN-US">ône</span></b><span lang="FR"> - France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Dniester</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ukraine & Moldova<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Egg</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Minnesota<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">————————————————————————————<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on p211<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Coll</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Outer Hebrides<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Tarrant</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Dorset<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Dean</b> - Cheshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Bitter</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> USA - Wyoming Bitter Creek<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Olivera</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Colombia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Tiber</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Italy, Rome</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Pile</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Alaska<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Congo</span></b><span lang="DA"> - DR</span><span lang="DA"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Congo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Wood</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Oregon</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Cross</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Nigeria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Rio</span></b><span lang="PT"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Bravo</span></b><span lang="PT"> - also Rio Grande</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Pente</span></b><span lang="ZH-TW"> - ???</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Pite</span></b><span lang="NL">, Sweden - Northern Sweden</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Lubilash</span></b><span lang="DA"> - DR</span><span lang="DA"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Congo, aka Sankuru<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Olona</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Italy, through Milan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Lena</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Siberia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Magdalena</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Colombia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Cam</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Cambridge, aka Granta<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Drôme</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - SE France, trib of Rhône<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Shannon</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Dora</b> </span><b><span lang="IT">Riparia</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Italy, trib of Po<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10- <b>Hope</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Scotland, Sutherland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Volga</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Russia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Belle</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Belle Fourche, Wyoming & South Dakota<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Misa</b> - Italy, Marche<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Taff</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Cardiff</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Rubicon</span></b><span lang="NL"> - NE Italy</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Tyne</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Newcastle<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Maggia</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Switzerland</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Ill</span></b><span lang="IT"> - France, Colmar</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Amur</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Mongolia & Russia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Saint</span></b><span lang="FR"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Lawrence</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Canada</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Oconee</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Georgia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28 - <b>Mosquodoboit</b> - Nova Scotia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Scott</span></b><span lang="DE">, Oz - Western Australia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Kan</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, China - or Gan, trib of Yangtze<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Ida</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Slovakia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Rock</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, USA - Illinois, trib of Mississippi<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Swilly</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Donegal</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">—————————————————————————————<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on p212<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 -</span><b><span lang="EN-US">Yun</span></b><span lang="IT"> - China, Guanxi</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Yenisey</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, asia - Russia, Siberia, 5th longest in the world.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Laagen</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Norway<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 -</span><b><span lang="NL">Niger</span><span lang="NL"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">-</span><span lang="PT"> africa</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">King</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Oz<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Ob</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Russia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Magra</span></b><span lang="NL"> - NW Italy</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Delaware</span></b><span lang="RU"> - </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Rossa</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - No river, but O</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL" face=""Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif" lang="AR-SA"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>’</span><span lang="IT">Donovan Rossa bridge in Dublin (1923)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Selinus</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Greece, N Peleponnese<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Salina</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA, Utah<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Susquehanna</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Pru</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Ghana </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Ward</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Dublin, N of Airport<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Brosna</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Ireland, trib of Shannon</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Ena</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Norway - <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Maas</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, - NL<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Zusam</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Bavaria, trib of Danube<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Cammock</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> (Camac) - Dublin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Melisse</b> - Southern Brazil<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Bradogue</b>, Dublin - <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Fox</b>, US - Wisconsin, trib of Illinois<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Greaney</b> - not a river but town in Minnesota<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Leza</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Spain</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Licking</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Kentucky<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Leytha</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Austria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Liane</span></b><span lang="FR"> - France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Rosanna</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Tyrol, Austria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - <b>Rohan</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Indonesia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Sohan</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Pakistan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Bina</b></span><span lang="NL"> - Bavaria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Laterza</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - not a river but a town in southern Italy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Joseph</span></b><span lang="IT"> - St Josep, Michigan</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Foyle</b> - Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Snake</b> - USA, Canada and Australia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Fountain</b> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Colorado</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Noya</b></span><span lang="ES-TRAD"> - Catalunya</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Laura</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Roumania, Oz</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Marie</span></b><span lang="IT"> - 10 rivers</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Frances</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Canada - Yukon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Macleay</span></b><span lang="NL"> - NS Wales</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Ilek</span></b><span lang="RU"> - </span><span lang="EN-US">Kazakhstan & </span><span lang="NL">Russia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Madre</span></b><span lang="ES-TRAD"> </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">de Dios</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Trib of Amazon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Bloodvein</span></b><span lang="RU"> - </span><span lang="EN-US">Canada, </span><span lang="IT">Ontario & Manitoba</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Devi</span></b><span lang="IT"> - India</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L17 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Vine</span></b><span lang="IT"> - USA Mass</span><span lang="EN-US">achusetts, trib of Shawsheen<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Wardha</span></b><span lang="IT"> - India</span><span lang="EN-US">, Maharashtra<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Baker</b> - Chile<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Dusi</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, SA - South Africa (Dusi Canoe marathon)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Sind</span></b><span lang="DE"> - India Kashmir</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">May</span></b><span lang="DE"> Oz - Kimberley, Western Australia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Seal</b> - Canada - Manitoba<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Pison</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Biblical, out of Eden, trib of Tigris?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Hudson</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - US, New York<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L25 - <b>Raft</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Canada, British Columbia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Marne</span></b><span lang="DE"> - France, trib of Seine</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Merced</b> - US, California, Yosemite, Ansell Adams<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - <b>Mulde</b> - Saxony, trib of the Elbe<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Lohan</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Romania</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Dvina</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Russia, Archangel</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Chinook</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - US Washington state<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Dodwell</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - no river, Dodwell Park near Stratford upon Avon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Omo</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Ethiopia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">————————————————————————————————-<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on p213<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Floss</b> - fictional, East England, trib of Trent, or Germany, Bavaria Flo</span><span lang="DE">ß</span><span lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Ja</b></span><span lang="NL">. Africa - Cameroon, Rep of Congo border, Dja</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Altm</span><span lang="EN-US">ü</span></b><b><span lang="DE">hl</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Bavaria, trib of Danube<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Iskur</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Bulgaria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Suda</span></b><span lang="RU"> - </span><span lang="EN-US">Latvia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Chay</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Tonkin - Viet Nam<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Hoang</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> <b>Ho</b> - China, Yellow river<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Lost</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> US - West Virginia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Aimihi</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Aimini, Iran<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Lovat</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Belarus, aka Ouzel, Beds.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Gabir</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Not river but town in South Sudan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Maur</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Not river but Saint Maur in France<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Morava</b> - Moravia, Slovakia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Regen</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Bavaria, trib of Danube.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Kennet</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Wiltshire, trib of Thames, joins at Reading<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - <b>Taling</b></span><span lang="DE"> - NE China, Manchuria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Root</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Minnesota, SE of Minneapolis<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Cher</b> - France, trib of the Loire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Ashley</b> - South Carolina, flows through Charleston<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Fi</b></span><b><span lang="IT">è</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Italy, near Bolzano<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Saône</span></b><span lang="FR"> - France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L15 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Senne</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Belgium, flows under Brussels<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Clogh</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Northern Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L16 - </span><b><span lang="SV">Hurd</span></b><span lang="RU"> - </span><span lang="EN-US">Hurdwar, town on Ganges, </span><span lang="IT">India</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Ache</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Austria, Austrian dialect for stream.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - </span><b><span lang="SV">Ping</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Thailand<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Pongo</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - West Africa, Guinea<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Belle</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Belle Fourche, trib of Cheyenne river, Wyoming<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - <b>Pang</b> - Berkshire, chalk stream, Pangbourne.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Godavari</b> - India, 2nd river<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Vert</span></b><span lang="NL"> - SW France</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Shower</b></span><span lang="ZH-TW"> - ????</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Thaya</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Austria & Czechia, trib of Morava<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Amana</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Venezeula<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Churn</b> - Gloucestershire, trib of Thames<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Derwent</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Derbyshire, trib of Trent, Cumbria, Yorkshire & Tasmania<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Lay</b></span><span lang="FR"> - France, Vendé</span><span lang="EN-US">e<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Bride</b> - Ireland, Co. Cork<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Saint</span></b><span lang="FR"> </span><b><span lang="FR">Joseph</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA, Michigan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Mutt</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Zmutt, Switzerland, glacial, trib of Rhône<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Warnow</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Germany, Rostock<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Alle</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Poland and Kaliningrad Oblast, Ł</span><span lang="IT">yna in Polish.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Lost</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - US, West Virginia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Shannon</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Yang</span></b><b><span lang="DE">tze</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - China, Yellow River (source in Tibet)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Hat</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - USA, California.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">—————————————————————————————————<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on p214<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Lost</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, - US, West Virginia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Ister</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Danube<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Main</span></b><span lang="NL"> - N Ireland, Co. Antrim</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Manzanares</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Spain, flows through Madrid<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Loup</span></b><span lang="FR"> - France, Alpes-Maritime</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Orara</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Oz, NSW</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Orbe</span></b><span lang="NL"> - France & Switzerland, Rhine Basin</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L6 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Las</span></b><span lang="ES-TRAD"> </span><b><span lang="IT">Animas</span></b><span lang="PT"> - Colorado, New Mexico</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Ussa</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Tanzania</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Ulla</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Spain, Galicia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Umba</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Tanzania</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Mexha</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Russia, trib of Don</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Ufa</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Russia, Bashkortostan</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Dee</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Scotland & Wales</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Irriwaddy</b> - Myanmar<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Stoke</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Canada, Quebec</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Aar</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Switzerland, Bern</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Orinoco</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Venezuela and Colombia</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Finn</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ulster<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - <b>Joachim</b></span><span lang="DE"> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - US, Missouri<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Mono</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Africa, Togo</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Horse</span></b><span lang="IT"> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - US, West Virginia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L12 - </span><b><span lang="DA">Otter</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Devon (Otter Falls)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - <b>Yonne</b> - France, trib of Seine, flows through Auxerre<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Isset</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Russia, Sverdlovsk<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Maria</b> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - US, Indiana (but also Antarctica, They Call the Wind…)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L18 - <b>Greese</b> - SE Ireland, Co Wicklow/Co Kildare, trib of Barrow<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Isonzo</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Slovenia (near Trieste)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - </span><b><span lang="PT">Madame</span></b><span lang="FR"> - Martinique</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Amman</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - South Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Conway</b> - North Wales<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - <b>Mary</b>, Oz - Northern Territory<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L24 - <b>Alice</b>, Oz - Queensland<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - <b>Son</b> - India, trib of Ganges<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Limpopo</span></b><span lang="PT"> - South Africa and Mozambique</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Scamander</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Turkey, Troy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L30 - </span><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Isar</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Bavaria</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - <b>Icis</b></span><span lang="ZH-TW"> - Oxford?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - <b>Seint</b></span><span lang="ZH-TW"> - ???</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L31 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Zêzere</span></b><span lang="PT"> - Portugal</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Hamble</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Hampshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - <b>Black</b> - about 100 in English, more in translation<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L32 - <b>Burry</b>, Wales - Carmarthenshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Me Nam</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Minam, Oregon</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Lyons</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Lyon, trib of Tay, or Lyons, city<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Gregory</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Oz, Northern territory<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Meyne</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - France, South of Orange<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Drave</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Croatia, Slovenia, Hungary, trib of Danube</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">—————————————————————————————-<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on p215<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L1 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Pharphar</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Syria (Biblical)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - <b>Nyar</b> - India, foothills of Himalayas<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L2 - </span><b><span lang="SV">Kistna</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Southern India, Krishna<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Garry</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Perthshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Indus</span></b><span lang="IT"> - India</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Lune</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Cumbria & Lancashire</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L5 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Eye</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Scotland - Scottish borders, Eyemouth<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Milk</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Alberta & Montana</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L7 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Bubye</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Zimbabwe, trib of Limpopo</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Evenlode</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Oxforshire, trib of Thames<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L8 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Save</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Southern France, trib of Garonne<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L9 - <b>Jurua</b> - Peru and Brazil, trib of Amazon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - <b>Sow</b> - Staffordshire, trib of Trent<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L10 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Moy</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Ireland, County Mayo<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Valley</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Rivers have valleys, all of them<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L11 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Towy</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Wales</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L13 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Quare</span></b><span lang="PT"> - Trinidad</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L14 - <b>Fingel</b> - Fingle Bridge in Devon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L19 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Biferno</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Italy, East coast<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Pink</b>, Canada - Alberta, really pink!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L20 - <b>Lim</b> - Devon/Dorset border<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Indian</span></b><span lang="PT"> - Florida</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="DE">L21 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Milk</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Alberta / Montana</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Elfenland</span></b><span lang="RU"> - </span><span lang="EN-US">not a river, a Board Game<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Tees</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - NE England<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L22 - <b>Teme</b> - Wales/England border & Shropshire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L23 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Seim</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Seym, Russia & Ukraine</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Trinity</span></b><span lang="NL"> - Texas</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L26 - </span><b><span lang="FR">Eure</span></b><span lang="DE">, France - NW trib of Seine</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L27 - <b>Our</b></span><span lang="IT"> - Belgium</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L28 - <b>Ho</b></span><span lang="IT"> - New Caledonia (Pacific Island)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">L29 - <b>Save</b>, France - trib of Garonne<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L33 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Liffey</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Dublin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Oos</span></b><span lang="DE"> - Baden Baden</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L34 - </span><b><span lang="NL">Moos</span></b><span lang="IT"> - Ontario</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L35 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Elm</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - Illinois, Michigan, North Dakota<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L36 - </span><b><span lang="DE">Halls</span></b><span lang="DE"> </span><b><span lang="NL">Creek</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Oz - Western Oz, Kimberley, Town<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">————————————————————————<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US">FW rivers on p216<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L3 - </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Elm</span></b><span lang="RU"> - </span><span lang="EN-US">USA, Illinois, trib of Little Wabash<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="RU">L4 - </span><b><span lang="IT">Stone</span></b><span lang="IT">, US - Tennessee (Stones)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; line-height: 26.4px; margin: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="Body" style="border: medium; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; margin: 0cm;"><b><span lang="EN-US">THE END</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-38636649062606379112023-12-08T17:52:00.021+00:002024-01-06T10:47:12.636+00:00Shane MacGowan's Wake<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKdtFj8Q9qAUdVwQbeXE6IJHWF-TInjPdQGHzO1oyxbh8rnfaEtsLYemFBVYeZFaPa5k_kV8TS08IpEuWDBQW9y5f1lNEc15IAzukpHLGYRJlOf86jDwrsA5-hZkUSsv99aUMm0eG9t6gxG_uJzdKOWvl9Kv5fFOrK6vcqxQyfgfZQ0cyD_k3hj70Wiw/s796/Screenshot%202023-12-04%20at%2010.42.20.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="796" data-original-width="607" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKdtFj8Q9qAUdVwQbeXE6IJHWF-TInjPdQGHzO1oyxbh8rnfaEtsLYemFBVYeZFaPa5k_kV8TS08IpEuWDBQW9y5f1lNEc15IAzukpHLGYRJlOf86jDwrsA5-hZkUSsv99aUMm0eG9t6gxG_uJzdKOWvl9Kv5fFOrK6vcqxQyfgfZQ0cyD_k3hj70Wiw/w305-h400/Screenshot%202023-12-04%20at%2010.42.20.png" width="305" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Happy Christmas Your Arse tree ornament</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><div><br /></div><div>Today the great Shane MacGowan, poet, songwriter, musician and Joyce lover, made his last journey from Dublin back to his spiritual home in North West Tipperary. Like countless people, I was hit by the news of his passing. For the last week, I've been wearing my Brixton souvenir "Just Look them Straight in the Eye and say Pogue Mahone" t shirt. </div><div><br /></div><div>In our house, Christmas Day is Shanemass. Nobody knows when Jesus Christ was born but we do know that Shane MacGowan was born on 25 December 1957.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0UBhakkuKQjid3DzfmvvVGf8S6DW-gnZSrvxaqHwSKttIeVOvPM94QgWmaPe850pME56WyLp1yc_SXLsZ2HP0OiT_1D5BgDVZQangrZyrQ1VYhvpNUNuF4fjlli1oMiK444jwNMzCgDKVRQtHQ9xLnCxCU7nquss_ylhQrWw2ZhQLZrno9nKqf2C9Fg/s869/Screenshot%202023-12-08%20at%2016.53.23.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="869" data-original-width="612" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0UBhakkuKQjid3DzfmvvVGf8S6DW-gnZSrvxaqHwSKttIeVOvPM94QgWmaPe850pME56WyLp1yc_SXLsZ2HP0OiT_1D5BgDVZQangrZyrQ1VYhvpNUNuF4fjlli1oMiK444jwNMzCgDKVRQtHQ9xLnCxCU7nquss_ylhQrWw2ZhQLZrno9nKqf2C9Fg/s320/Screenshot%202023-12-08%20at%2016.53.23.png" width="225" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><div>I first saw the Pogues, supporting Elvis Costello, at the Top Rank Brighton on 3 October 1984. It was a life changing experience. I loved everything about them from Shane's powerful voice to their Black Irish Drinking Suits. I didn't know much about Irish music then, and the songs all sounded like ancient standards. It wasn't until their first album, <i>Red Roses for Me</i>, came out later that month that I found that six of the best of them were brand new songs written by Shane.</div><div><br /></div><div>Here's the very first song Shane wrote for the Pogues, a dream of a meeting with his hero, Brendan Behan. </div><div><br /></div><div><iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/mPpGp_J3z2A?si=ZGmWIoKalmzcVHL2" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mPpGp_J3z2A/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><div>The outstanding line here is "There was nothing ever gained by a wet thing called a tear" which sounds so simple and beautiful yet I don't know if anyone else ever said or thought that before.</div><div><br /></div><div>Shane's writing was full of lines like that e.g. "Some people left for heaven without warning" from Sally MacLennane and "The cold things that follow you down the Boreen" from Sit Down by the Fire.</div><div><br /></div><div>Behan was also an inspiration for Sea Shanty, a great song about a wild seafarer, washed up and stranded on dry land.</div><b><br />"Dear dirty London in the pouring rain<br />I wish to God I was back on the sea again<br />Though that belongs to the world of never will be<br />There was never a wilder bastard than me on the sea"</b><div><br /></div><div>
<iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/F7CSlUbKVQ8?si=UHEA3SH0YzXrK0PI" width="480"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><div><div>Here Shane has taken one of Behan's favourite sayings, "The compliments pass when the quality meet" (which appears in<i> Borstal Boy</i>, <i>The Hostage</i> and <i>Confessions of an Irish Rebel</i>) and made it fresh.</div><br />On the page, the phrase looks like a mouthful, but the rhythm Shane gets into the line is so satisfying that he decided to sing it four times.<br /><br /><b>"I met with Bill James and we fought over crusts<br />I called him a whore and he booted me crutch<br />Then we shared out the jack and we thought it a treat<br />The compliments pass when the quality meet<br />The compliments pass when the quality meet <br />The compliments pass when the quality meet <br />The compliments pass when the quality meet"</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>It wasn't until Shane's lyrics were published by Faber as the book <i>Poguetry</i> in 1989 that I realised he was also quoting from <i>Ulysses </i>on the first album:</div><div><br /></div><b>"Going transmetropolitan yip-i-ay<br />From Surrey Docks to Somers Town</b></div><div><b>With a KMRIA"</b><div><br /></div><div><span face="arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202124;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-size: 14px;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/uxv0t7lVKgM?si=EoQ2KvLOuRuPYiSk" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/uxv0t7lVKgM/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe>
</span></span></div><div><span face="arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202124;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36); font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></div>KMRIA stands for "Kiss my royal Irish arse" and comes from the newspaper chapter, where the book starts playing games and generating newspaper headlines from the text (the game-playing narrator is known to Joyceans as "the arranger"). It's a play on MRIA, standing for<a href="https://www.ria.ie/membership"> 'Member of the Royal Irish Academy</a>'.<div><div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFWuQYZ_8uQbeqDIxDaCzLz3U_eA-pPZWIF2XJTXqUk6lahnhaVOu3KFFxMzFitlZ6RpgOGfANwg7kXcIhjh1z87y05B-Elsr1yMPTBawfNlOe_SdfsLk83oHx_ELkQPfrmmjpW5kq5yIJr4RrYAU0fZofQsVqcZcquNLU-oQl4ZgaJINlm_dVVz7h3Q/s1416/kmria.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="464" data-original-width="1416" height="105" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFWuQYZ_8uQbeqDIxDaCzLz3U_eA-pPZWIF2XJTXqUk6lahnhaVOu3KFFxMzFitlZ6RpgOGfANwg7kXcIhjh1z87y05B-Elsr1yMPTBawfNlOe_SdfsLk83oHx_ELkQPfrmmjpW5kq5yIJr4RrYAU0fZofQsVqcZcquNLU-oQl4ZgaJINlm_dVVz7h3Q/s320/kmria.png" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>John Hewitt made the meaning explicit in his illustration from the book.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSoV770bYlRaTorSG8WpyKzotVR65kwh05u79VKQNxS7u5E1KST3OfD_4mdAHcWDKrdgD-m8xCz1RsnqrG1a-oZzIQY3zUK1TVACj7NyZNojtZCCnjalCW2x0UdA9l-FT-JG-oKPlQEqgKrP6yBxcbPJay5oSbwn1iZXR7xcNARQW6b4K4U9rf7Ouhyg/s1004/kmria.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="894" data-original-width="1004" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSoV770bYlRaTorSG8WpyKzotVR65kwh05u79VKQNxS7u5E1KST3OfD_4mdAHcWDKrdgD-m8xCz1RsnqrG1a-oZzIQY3zUK1TVACj7NyZNojtZCCnjalCW2x0UdA9l-FT-JG-oKPlQEqgKrP6yBxcbPJay5oSbwn1iZXR7xcNARQW6b4K4U9rf7Ouhyg/s320/kmria.png" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div>The band's original name "Pogue Mahone" also means "kiss my arse". That's in <i>Ulysses</i> too, where it's Buck Mulligan's reaction to the prospect of hearing Stephen Dedalus talking about Thomas Aquinas.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglg-bLbVPSuD0a5uqt1sB6lFfD9Hon0hmEqYB8MJjr1gOpBV74uP9TDyOPa9sP2w5g_quW_bkzzYXtxesntibB_NEeSFxXtBWvBfoauf1x1YsZWyyYdQ2BcG_ECRPKhU6-gJNNLZ9z1oMkXZ2ZUgyRwFhO785vdfuh3aAulFAiQty_w4beanN7bU5hxw/s3359/DSC_0011.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="767" data-original-width="3359" height="91" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglg-bLbVPSuD0a5uqt1sB6lFfD9Hon0hmEqYB8MJjr1gOpBV74uP9TDyOPa9sP2w5g_quW_bkzzYXtxesntibB_NEeSFxXtBWvBfoauf1x1YsZWyyYdQ2BcG_ECRPKhU6-gJNNLZ9z1oMkXZ2ZUgyRwFhO785vdfuh3aAulFAiQty_w4beanN7bU5hxw/w400-h91/DSC_0011.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>The name was suggested by Spider Stacy. Here's how James Fearnley tells the story in his excellent Joyce-titled memoir, <i>Here Comes Everybody</i>:</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoD5GrOypUcFXPdtDN9gaLKEMjpSQ8ZHCW7Y1s6Jk3uX4F6c1m8aq9fULBcd2FcNylSDoxboahmPWdXXIj7N9nZRzMOgb9NJr_BURipEYLskjo7MwVMOhRwei3bm1phvbgR3m5ggbixsLfRapwIrA4B44HekckaBOVUqNSZynluEF_lACkNnjICwszWQ/s1344/ulysses.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="831" data-original-width="1344" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoD5GrOypUcFXPdtDN9gaLKEMjpSQ8ZHCW7Y1s6Jk3uX4F6c1m8aq9fULBcd2FcNylSDoxboahmPWdXXIj7N9nZRzMOgb9NJr_BURipEYLskjo7MwVMOhRwei3bm1phvbgR3m5ggbixsLfRapwIrA4B44HekckaBOVUqNSZynluEF_lACkNnjICwszWQ/s320/ulysses.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div>When I shared this on twitter, Spider posted this.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXH699ugb9G14cPjTG3pXKxg1SKEGecke_lu-L6fE5uc1CwcI8ya9P_nviy7GiEwY8kUH-zEgjc2zrGRbli658mQprPJPSReH06Aczm4eTIWKwSbcsw6WTd9Op7SR2q6vDdgRjfAPzS8zcqExvwX5-ww06E7S1Nq0JFjgYINvch1kQnZ5OaLkFwAelvw/s591/spider.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="115" data-original-width="591" height="78" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXH699ugb9G14cPjTG3pXKxg1SKEGecke_lu-L6fE5uc1CwcI8ya9P_nviy7GiEwY8kUH-zEgjc2zrGRbli658mQprPJPSReH06Aczm4eTIWKwSbcsw6WTd9Op7SR2q6vDdgRjfAPzS8zcqExvwX5-ww06E7S1Nq0JFjgYINvch1kQnZ5OaLkFwAelvw/w400-h78/spider.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div>I think there are other echoes of <i>Ulysses</i> in Shane's songs. Here's a verse from one of his greatest songs, <i>The Body of an American</i>:</div><div><br /></div><b>Fare thee well, gone away, there's nothing left to say<br />With a slainte Joe and Erin go my love's in Amerikay<br />The calling of the rosary, Spanish wine from far away<br />I'm a free born man of the USA</b><div><br /></div><div>"Spanish wine from far away" always makes me think of this speech from the citizen, Joyce's cyclops, in Barney Kiernan's pub:</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihCO8gvYWPX7-4fl3czzB2ciZ7Hphzauxj6Zzh_pe0OvT7ZVtzOe3OiyVFgkJOqBq5d8sm5o_h88q74tLFBa3WuIyKwG7E0AuC3qRFNHo5QHUh1GWkaqTNnyce9oMq1cmSNdcwqfOptQCs3xdF9MB5cpbG3uTUH9YyckmlPVbjhX8yH8SkZcawLrim6Q/s3577/DSC_0002.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1897" data-original-width="3577" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihCO8gvYWPX7-4fl3czzB2ciZ7Hphzauxj6Zzh_pe0OvT7ZVtzOe3OiyVFgkJOqBq5d8sm5o_h88q74tLFBa3WuIyKwG7E0AuC3qRFNHo5QHUh1GWkaqTNnyce9oMq1cmSNdcwqfOptQCs3xdF9MB5cpbG3uTUH9YyckmlPVbjhX8yH8SkZcawLrim6Q/w400-h213/DSC_0002.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div>Joyce made an appearance on the sleeve of the Pogues third album, designed by Simon Price.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzVdZzE1bqpXgJ-eBW8mtUGZMbbhdX7FOC7YWdPJcwZHkNSsERhLlBLxm9XaiKQ37kWbIShuDk_h1fej6PIQ6HK3H1GNbty0kPvNbYK6WibMZkmX1n8690koXg87V-pic4oHbRxbC7jO4mOGNa-flOWnh9DOjS_2ehIdRaq2ENGqVnnb9v6JylUcln5w/s602/god.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="591" data-original-width="602" height="393" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzVdZzE1bqpXgJ-eBW8mtUGZMbbhdX7FOC7YWdPJcwZHkNSsERhLlBLxm9XaiKQ37kWbIShuDk_h1fej6PIQ6HK3H1GNbty0kPvNbYK6WibMZkmX1n8690koXg87V-pic4oHbRxbC7jO4mOGNa-flOWnh9DOjS_2ehIdRaq2ENGqVnnb9v6JylUcln5w/w400-h393/god.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div>This is a 1928 studio portrait of Joyce taken in Paris by Berenice Abbott.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5Xpk0vgl9Qun6wU16vDMdj5rOuZsHGeD9cSPbcefVLGKiI7vP1SbeiSIgjwWgYo0zUw6sVJWEMP9_QZ34gUwVU5JpLsQozZ4zZKr61IFR6vqppUVfUdzvbEizk4Ipn0Hik8mR8cQAvlhOw-cEQbO3P6RhWIdbWSEWFbC6tdXjwrUP-bc1UkH0Ad-xJQ/s709/abbott.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="562" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5Xpk0vgl9Qun6wU16vDMdj5rOuZsHGeD9cSPbcefVLGKiI7vP1SbeiSIgjwWgYo0zUw6sVJWEMP9_QZ34gUwVU5JpLsQozZ4zZKr61IFR6vqppUVfUdzvbEizk4Ipn0Hik8mR8cQAvlhOw-cEQbO3P6RhWIdbWSEWFbC6tdXjwrUP-bc1UkH0Ad-xJQ/w318-h400/abbott.png" width="318" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>One Joycean feature of Shane's writing is the evocation of place, by naming real pubs, cafes and streets, many in north and west London: Dalling Road, Valtaro's in Marchmont St, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardomah_Cafés">the Kardomah</a>, <a href="https://www.soundsurvey.org.uk/index.php/projects/london-cafes/centrale_restaurant">the Centrale cafe in Soho</a>, the Euston tavern, the <a href="https://www.thescottishstores.co.uk/scottish-stores-bar/">Scottish Stores pub </a>by King's Cross, the Vine street police station....</div><div><br /></div><div>It would be easy to do Shane MacGowan guided walks around London. Shane's equivalent of Bloom's gorgonzola sandwich in Davy Byrne's would be 'a fried egg in Valtaro's'.</div><div><br /></div><div>He did the same for Tipperary in The Broad Majestic Shannon.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFBv-dleQzs2dD6T5Nu2HUQD6XVd6SHW9d83_AnRyRd-uumPrOUDnirf8aOfq-hNCzAGbK7LeZVoi09EusNGYRS1Lk796ufBg4wb6PuVHzLaO4aH-34M4Sfl3Ez3ump2vObRmSEpQuW1L43zesNIEF2UvZqaVYv5cmKWVybOktncB3lKzf99-FEc8BDw/s292/Screenshot%202023-12-09%20at%2011.08.50.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="153" data-original-width="292" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFBv-dleQzs2dD6T5Nu2HUQD6XVd6SHW9d83_AnRyRd-uumPrOUDnirf8aOfq-hNCzAGbK7LeZVoi09EusNGYRS1Lk796ufBg4wb6PuVHzLaO4aH-34M4Sfl3Ez3ump2vObRmSEpQuW1L43zesNIEF2UvZqaVYv5cmKWVybOktncB3lKzf99-FEc8BDw/s1600/Screenshot%202023-12-09%20at%2011.08.50.png" width="292" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Shane was reading Joyce from a very young age, thanks to the influence of his father Maurice. In 1971, <a href="https://nz.finance.yahoo.com/news/shane-macgowan-won-literary-prize-130127596.html">the Kent and Sussex Courier</a> reported that at the age of 13, he had won a Daily Mirror essay prize with his short story about a group of meth drinking Irish social outcasts. </div><div><br /></div><div>Shane told the paper that his favourite author was James Joyce.</div><div><br /></div><div>There's a lot about Joyce in <i>A Drink with Shane MacGowan</i>, Victoria's book of conversations with Shane.</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>– Do you think that Joyce is overrated?</b></div><div><b>– No</b></div><div><b>– What do you think about James Joyce?</b></div><div><b>– I think he's underrated.</b></div><div><b>– Do you?</b></div><div><b>– Yeah.</b></div><div><b>– Even though he's supposed to be the greatest...</b></div><div><b>– I think he's underrated, apart from by the Americans, you know....</b></div><div><b>– So why is James Joyce considered the greatest, and why do you like him so much? Why do you think he's so good.</b></div><div><b>–Cause he really rearranged the English language, because he didn't like it the way it was....He made up his own language, that's what I like about him, y'know. Which is a mixture of Irish and English, and Latin and Greek, and just being pissed.</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div><b>....He had countless affairs...And not only did he used to chat them up, he used to sing them up with his fabulous tenor voice. He used to get a few jobs, and then do a hymn, or a piece of opera, or an old Irish ballad...in this fabulous tenor voice, and the girls would melt...into his arms, and he'd have it away with them. He was an opportunist like that. And he had a long suffering wife who put up with it all."</b></div><div><br /></div><div><i>A Drink with Shane MacGowan</i></div></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><div>In 2012, Shane also talked about <i>Finnegans Wake</i> in an interview:</div><div><br /></div><div><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvLWbUljmglG8psFjiGIPKrgCMYXss9B3BtN9WGf69Yh8F1NwIZfZdUQrQcZlHoFZA8r1RdvlDe18OovPmypTQ6y97lUkLwLoG7jn_5kiSlUXIm0D6wmho_jxLBX7MdY-0JUzn8paB2veZZGKfxYrMim3xEK22rwTcEEGdk1lC6qb-Pmt0tnLXt50ZLg/s3287/DSC_0003.jpeg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3287" data-original-width="2349" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvLWbUljmglG8psFjiGIPKrgCMYXss9B3BtN9WGf69Yh8F1NwIZfZdUQrQcZlHoFZA8r1RdvlDe18OovPmypTQ6y97lUkLwLoG7jn_5kiSlUXIm0D6wmho_jxLBX7MdY-0JUzn8paB2veZZGKfxYrMim3xEK22rwTcEEGdk1lC6qb-Pmt0tnLXt50ZLg/w229-h320/DSC_0003.jpeg" width="229" /></a></div>"Literature is just stories. One of the greatest works of literature is <i>Finnegans Wake</i> by James Joyce. The inspiration for that came from 'Finnegan's Wake' which is a great story-song. Nobody knows who wrote it, it's so old. Well, it's not that old. It's 200 years old maybe. People just used to pass it down, as often happened at wakes. That's what wakes are for. People would start off being very nice about the person, then there'd be more and more slanging and then they'd have a huge row and all the rest of it. If that didn't wake them up then they must be dead, yeah?.....</b></div><div><b> In his later years Joyce was nearly blind and he was using a typewriter that he was constantly having to hock and get out again. There were two or three bum letters on it so he didn't know exactly what was going to come out. He had bad eyesight, a bad back, all the rest of it. In those days a doctor would write you a prescription for everything, and he was a boozer from an early age."</b></div><div><br /></div><a href="https://thequietus.com/articles/10794-shane-macgowan-interview">Kevin E Perry</a>, 'A Liquid Lunch: In Bed With Shane MacGowan' <a href="https://thequietus.com/articles/10794-shane-macgowan-interview">The Quietus in 2012</a></div><div><br /></div><div>I don't think Joyce ever typed anything, but that's a great story and an example of Shane's amazing imagination. In his mind, he turned Joyce into a mythic character.</div><div><br /></div><div>You can find more than 50 references to Pogues and Poguing in the Wake, <a href="http://www.fweet.org/cgi-bin/fw_grep.cgi?srch=pogue&cake=&icase=1&accent=1&beauty=1&hilight=1&escope=1&rscope=1&dist=4&ndist=4&fontsz=100&shorth=0&showtxt=1">listed here in fweet.</a> </div><div><br /></div><div><b>'kissing and spitting, and roguing and poguing' </b>22.25</div><div><b>"Pogue! Pogue! Pogue!'</b> 376.21</div><div><b>'and he poguing and poguing'</b> 385.32</div><div><b>'so pass the pogue for grace sake. Amen.' </b>395.24</div><div><br /></div><div>Here's a picture of Shane reading the book in 2005 posted on twitter/X from <a href="https://twitter.com/dickon_edwards">Dr Dickon Edwards</a></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis_cfGviFavbhY4NM-ELrIygrMUVXXOLbctjklrI5SJVNt4vYyF3mHUhPGUxHqy6xevwUcG7T89ul-X5jpLWxuglEaOrhU6COiqe-pC1WwqGWqfTWlRs9ZEQh6FkMFfbB9nbukJuLdrV7MfczCqy1cejRfNDIv_2_7CKhG_txY7QGESdrt8SjRKfHdBA/s597/Screenshot%202023-12-08%20at%2016.02.48.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="491" data-original-width="597" height="329" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis_cfGviFavbhY4NM-ELrIygrMUVXXOLbctjklrI5SJVNt4vYyF3mHUhPGUxHqy6xevwUcG7T89ul-X5jpLWxuglEaOrhU6COiqe-pC1WwqGWqfTWlRs9ZEQh6FkMFfbB9nbukJuLdrV7MfczCqy1cejRfNDIv_2_7CKhG_txY7QGESdrt8SjRKfHdBA/w400-h329/Screenshot%202023-12-08%20at%2016.02.48.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div>I remember when Edwards originally posted this in his diary, he said that Shane was 'rereading' the Wake.</div><div><br />While writing this I've been watching Shane MacGowan's immensely moving <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/l0056gym/funeral-of-the-pogues-frontman-shane-macgowan">funeral live on the BBC</a>. His copy of <i>Finnegans Wake</i> has just been displayed as one of his symbols! Victoria said the book was 'another of Shane's favourites'.</div><div><br /></div><div>Father Pat Gilbert held Shane’s Wake aloft like a holy book.<br /><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmgF6ueLuP_Pj2zQC63paxr70zzmLK8ktMd3MnhSt1TIgkjkjmbd38mAka-o1BwJKYwwkq-7e7OEB_lJrnLfiJ6hefVB8eiLd2nAMw8vnwNda4EdKoLNZJhzp8C1Ehyphenhyphen1r7r677c0VrSayGlSdNDRY7sIsbKUQTGt4HJkbOymYTdFVlkaOeIBQ-DePmxw/s811/FW.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="664" data-original-width="811" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmgF6ueLuP_Pj2zQC63paxr70zzmLK8ktMd3MnhSt1TIgkjkjmbd38mAka-o1BwJKYwwkq-7e7OEB_lJrnLfiJ6hefVB8eiLd2nAMw8vnwNda4EdKoLNZJhzp8C1Ehyphenhyphen1r7r677c0VrSayGlSdNDRY7sIsbKUQTGt4HJkbOymYTdFVlkaOeIBQ-DePmxw/s320/FW.png" width="320" /></a></div></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBOpb3lElHOlnfo0Ysc5zvyytLr45fs7HTfTuoZTut6Mqb6HLARK5gU7d3-o7JasFdRRe81LpyZdlTA71f4AjsRxZ6qThQHsZXBCZuOh3kS9cSoqIXMEr5oZeZcmYTi_u2gu2pcayYLCaR-VQUJDdhbpdmas9tUXP9P_-e-htTmwq9aTR2OXe7-cZmrQ/s1470/IMG_5852.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="987" data-original-width="1470" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBOpb3lElHOlnfo0Ysc5zvyytLr45fs7HTfTuoZTut6Mqb6HLARK5gU7d3-o7JasFdRRe81LpyZdlTA71f4AjsRxZ6qThQHsZXBCZuOh3kS9cSoqIXMEr5oZeZcmYTi_u2gu2pcayYLCaR-VQUJDdhbpdmas9tUXP9P_-e-htTmwq9aTR2OXe7-cZmrQ/s320/IMG_5852.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /><div><br /></div></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO39jvLh9cXpaX3XtUaLw088J4xQ-HavJWnxCXtZgVzXPORXTyOpQXcCGU_qZq-P4e3d0qi_gX39eox3_b_EQkcRBAB85eox3lAY0iYWzOvZgmtCJR85ecY602TCcopogrnx1YrwyeRV2DtEPBBR_WeJCSZcChG4RCIsD-EpzXifVlcVyWN1hu6S7dDg/s566/service.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="566" data-original-width="394" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO39jvLh9cXpaX3XtUaLw088J4xQ-HavJWnxCXtZgVzXPORXTyOpQXcCGU_qZq-P4e3d0qi_gX39eox3_b_EQkcRBAB85eox3lAY0iYWzOvZgmtCJR85ecY602TCcopogrnx1YrwyeRV2DtEPBBR_WeJCSZcChG4RCIsD-EpzXifVlcVyWN1hu6S7dDg/w279-h400/service.png" width="279" /></a></div><br /></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-69359617997496208992023-08-20T12:08:00.049+01:002023-09-07T09:26:19.033+01:00Anselm Kiefer's Finnegans Wake<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1I9e1GW-_ugracHCKSC5Qbq6lItPv9D-gQjIOS13tK9hnEBopX-VORe_Rhuwqgclz6BD4ld7_5w4BFq6KcQV72goutz-afSnwfZkIk7KJ09yRDJLvIonhTPmBkRY4z6_MhCaXzDi4VZg8EJ46f2fVSvji8pSVVoMAs11eJOqYWJdiYGYBbX8feuaZdQ/s4608/DSC_0033.jpeg"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1I9e1GW-_ugracHCKSC5Qbq6lItPv9D-gQjIOS13tK9hnEBopX-VORe_Rhuwqgclz6BD4ld7_5w4BFq6KcQV72goutz-afSnwfZkIk7KJ09yRDJLvIonhTPmBkRY4z6_MhCaXzDi4VZg8EJ46f2fVSvji8pSVVoMAs11eJOqYWJdiYGYBbX8feuaZdQ/w400-h266/DSC_0033.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br />This week Lisa and I went to see Anselm Kiefer's huge<i> Finnegans Wake</i> exhibition, at the White Cube gallery, a converted warehouse in Bermondsey. We were joined by<a href="http://www.robertworby.com"> Robert Worby, the composer and sound artist</a>, who's a fellow member of the Glasgow Wake reading group.<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz-acB2sfhP_K7GsBq4PBVdhF4OsUNoHucBoNAN9TgILPCs9Qm6zrZGuwURPA5b_87MMcCR-vfD2_WEpsxa-JCoHlb3PipRCSdTRNTbe9wmXuJ_kjFK0ggr55NjbE-72KnWm-iGiJAZxrZ3tUI87a14bIgeBCh11k3jzf3kqgOjQBgK0sFvRFtLA-8nQ/s3841/robert.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2635" data-original-width="3841" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz-acB2sfhP_K7GsBq4PBVdhF4OsUNoHucBoNAN9TgILPCs9Qm6zrZGuwURPA5b_87MMcCR-vfD2_WEpsxa-JCoHlb3PipRCSdTRNTbe9wmXuJ_kjFK0ggr55NjbE-72KnWm-iGiJAZxrZ3tUI87a14bIgeBCh11k3jzf3kqgOjQBgK0sFvRFtLA-8nQ/w400-h275/robert.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div>I had the Wake on my kindle, so I was able to look up lots of the quotations as we went around the gallery.<br /><p></p><p>You go in through long hanging rolls of paper, some with Wake quotations. So we walk right under the book's opening word 'riverrun', with the roll torn next to the r, because this is the second half of the book's final sentence.</p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX2Da20SENnrDRzJQr4UloDrVCsxdsWdh0fS9Ck2e5cSAlT0qgf3-9veNOoHdUT6U5VmDm686L3S6d_LGJwTNHfYi8FxLZQRw8YK42GqQxAFkEoTjxDDpSHleQS0nEB_npU9D4bYhWX4Lop_0nlFUdgq5UAL7N3onFXUb8JIL02e8Yj1ZhH6C__oYvIg/s4608/DSC_0035.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX2Da20SENnrDRzJQr4UloDrVCsxdsWdh0fS9Ck2e5cSAlT0qgf3-9veNOoHdUT6U5VmDm686L3S6d_LGJwTNHfYi8FxLZQRw8YK42GqQxAFkEoTjxDDpSHleQS0nEB_npU9D4bYhWX4Lop_0nlFUdgq5UAL7N3onFXUb8JIL02e8Yj1ZhH6C__oYvIg/w400-h266/DSC_0035.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table>On the left is an invocation to St Lawrence O'Toole, the patron saint of Dublin:<p></p><b>'Beate Laurentie O’Tuli, Euro pra nobis!'</b> 228.65<div><br /></div><div>('Ora' changed to 'Euro', for Europe, and because the saint was buried in Eu in Normandy)<br /><div><br /></div><div>On the right, this line describing the book in our hands:</div><div><br /></div><b>'But look what you have in your handself! The movibles are scrawling in motions, marching, all of them ago, in pitpat and zingzang for every busy eerie whig’s a bit of a torytale to tell.'</b> 20.21</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Kik38Puxe0G9La3vRZVCWR6CGS6D_heDYBrprvN8sM2hbZeOLPKqHw4oGMhM3Bf-CuZWUczlPontzhi9WWMJrLwwSqJWmFuQb-mDuX6ont0lb7AiLZFmTT-VOQZi44X85qn0LiSgAwG72Bfce3nOYEnr9qapZNsBVelc-iQCZuvFcN3fVfCC1WIcUg/s1280/IMG_3363.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Kik38Puxe0G9La3vRZVCWR6CGS6D_heDYBrprvN8sM2hbZeOLPKqHw4oGMhM3Bf-CuZWUczlPontzhi9WWMJrLwwSqJWmFuQb-mDuX6ont0lb7AiLZFmTT-VOQZi44X85qn0LiSgAwG72Bfce3nOYEnr9qapZNsBVelc-iQCZuvFcN3fVfCC1WIcUg/w300-h400/IMG_3363.jpeg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Robert Worby's photo</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><div><br /></div><div>This leads to a long dark corridor, a storage area with shelves. This is Kiefer's 'Arsenal 1970-2023', described in the catalogue as 'industrial racks with elements of steel, lead, copper, zinc, glass, wood, plaster, resin, silicone, terracotta, rocks, ashes, paper, cardboard, fabric, straw, earth debris, plant residue, oil and acrylic paint, shellac, sediment of electrolysis, photographic prints on paper, electrical and annealed wires.'</div><div><br /></div><b>“It’s a kilometre long. All this stuff, it’s like my head, you know. Some was finished, some was not finished, and I thought: ‘It’s like going through the Finnegans Wake book!’”</b><br /><br />Kiefer in a<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/jun/08/anselm-kiefer-finnegans-wake-bombed"> Guardian interview with Jonathan Jones</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div>The first object I saw was this bucket in a tray.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyOctyjrGPlFio8-jZm9O1SnBnGJdhYxnXQkjqgPgcn2NdWTsZc4WA5NxrBTLblwJvCXGMC5UvAKjATpQ4X_6DrOK5xU46YSbjd2XtVAs8CiEJT30fVdhhUgxlP7nyYpp1nxOh2N-BTSh45zKj2k6QDXKMbs_71d9P7g1qO_jcpXBDIueoXpOqk5a96g/s4608/DSC_0038.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyOctyjrGPlFio8-jZm9O1SnBnGJdhYxnXQkjqgPgcn2NdWTsZc4WA5NxrBTLblwJvCXGMC5UvAKjATpQ4X_6DrOK5xU46YSbjd2XtVAs8CiEJT30fVdhhUgxlP7nyYpp1nxOh2N-BTSh45zKj2k6QDXKMbs_71d9P7g1qO_jcpXBDIueoXpOqk5a96g/w400-h266/DSC_0038.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div></div><div><div><br /></div><div>This is Kiefer's imagining of the St Kevin of Glendalough's bath, one of the first pieces Joyce composed for the Wake, which ended up in the final book.</div><div><br /></div><b>'...blessed Kevin, exorcised his holy sister water, perpetually chaste, so that, well understanding, she should fill to midheight his tubbathaltar, which hanbathtub, most blessed Kevin, ninthly enthroned, in the concentric centre of the translated water, whereamid, when violet vesper vailed, Saint Kevin, Hydrophilos, having girded his sable cappa magna as high as to his cherubical loins, at solemn compline sat in his sate of wisdom, that handbathtub, whereverafter, recreated doctor insularis of the universal church, keeper of the door of meditation, memory extempore proposing and intellect formally considering, recluse, he meditated continuously with seraphic ardour the primal sacrament of baptism or the regeneration of all man by affusion of water.' </b>605.36-606.</div><div><br /></div><div>St Kevin was an early version of Shaun the Post, the upstanding conformist brother and rival of Shem the artist. So this introduces Shem and Shaun, and carries on the water theme of ‘riverrun’.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimX-_OUWZjF9-BXI7Z85C68xZciuT8bXR8aTmEfGb6Lkbnd2_fDvxp36s56TXf4hPEnmVKmAOZ1jsMPzMXQTyxWvOfS-Ft5vUqoiE4smjY9_qnlduRvPfKqpO8OHqjy7-BpKDsvuE-wG_ONRzM2t2HD0mbsH4OhJqaSXALTSCeQVbZSXICn5svs1PrUg/s4608/DSC_0036.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimX-_OUWZjF9-BXI7Z85C68xZciuT8bXR8aTmEfGb6Lkbnd2_fDvxp36s56TXf4hPEnmVKmAOZ1jsMPzMXQTyxWvOfS-Ft5vUqoiE4smjY9_qnlduRvPfKqpO8OHqjy7-BpKDsvuE-wG_ONRzM2t2HD0mbsH4OhJqaSXALTSCeQVbZSXICn5svs1PrUg/s320/DSC_0036.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>The line beneath St Kevin's bath comes from the studies chapter, where the twins are studying Irish history.</div><div><br /></div><b>'This is brave Danny weeping his space for the popers. This is cool Connolly wiping his hearth with brave Danny.'</b> 303.08</div><div><br /></div><div>You can have fun looking for Shem and Shaun, who have many different names throughout the book. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiissb-kp6seN8DwMAiLNFrK-jv3aPkhVzxizSayJO35tKV_rxBCx13wVUXQsMHmQObnA-2dpMy1y-Pt2LS18mMnhBJs9Oe8g3WmC2AzOXrrWl689WlCtWVnZf2S8HiciKvrtbljqW2JfK5eayxYS7HEQGJu78RneU6jKhx3DfyaERS7dW-X4Tp28X3Gw/s1280/P1150226.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiissb-kp6seN8DwMAiLNFrK-jv3aPkhVzxizSayJO35tKV_rxBCx13wVUXQsMHmQObnA-2dpMy1y-Pt2LS18mMnhBJs9Oe8g3WmC2AzOXrrWl689WlCtWVnZf2S8HiciKvrtbljqW2JfK5eayxYS7HEQGJu78RneU6jKhx3DfyaERS7dW-X4Tp28X3Gw/w400-h225/P1150226.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Robert Worby's photo</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>They fuse together to make a third figure, all three appearing in the Wake as soldiers who witness HCE's sin in the park. This is from the seance chapter, where the sleeping Yawn (Shaun) is being questioned about the three soldiers:</div><div><br /></div></div><div><b>— Grenadiers. And tell me now. Were these anglers or angelers coexistent and compresent with or without their tertium quid?<br />— <i>Three in one, one and three.<br />Shem and Shaun and the shame that sunders em. <br />Wisdom’s son, folly’s brother.</i></b><i> </i>526.11</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4g1VAOLYHoVsh21NR6gYY2N2ztaHtzmmK-Ptnomg5ngLXp7zPjaHXDrauCajwYpSD-reMA87ktS5nmawHKz3znKqPoMdRC4taLgadkroxN6CxcnoKQG2QmFR5tN7UvJ4zG-QeCFseD8Un3sL_2e8chHhyMO_xbyCxmdpazhd-cBu_ukUW_Bh0Jzq2sg/s2048/oasis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4g1VAOLYHoVsh21NR6gYY2N2ztaHtzmmK-Ptnomg5ngLXp7zPjaHXDrauCajwYpSD-reMA87ktS5nmawHKz3znKqPoMdRC4taLgadkroxN6CxcnoKQG2QmFR5tN7UvJ4zG-QeCFseD8Un3sL_2e8chHhyMO_xbyCxmdpazhd-cBu_ukUW_Bh0Jzq2sg/s320/oasis.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div>The lines here are from a hymn of praise to Shaun, as Osiris, sung by a choir of 29 February girls:</div><div><br /></div><b>Oasis, cedarous esaltarshoming Leafboughnoon!<br />Oisis, coolpressus onmountof Sighing!</b> 470.15<div><br /></div><div>It's based on the Latin text of the Book of Sirach 24.13:</div><div><br /></div><div> 'Quasi cedrus exaltata sum in Libano et quasi cypressus in monte Sion.' ( 'As cedar I was exalted in Lebanon and as cypress on Mount Zion).<br /><div><br /></div><div>Here's a rare example of Kiefer misquoting - he's changed 'sighing' to 'sighihing'.<br /><div><br /></div><div><div>Here you can see four levels of objects, all repurposed with Wake quotations, most relating to Shem and Shaun.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpFxSrQKwWQp6oV2SRe5iSc4p9tb8cldoZrIoADmTezlJhcKBjcSsURwqNqI8mn1YzLXRLzllGxB-mxCI4ypn86Gn0w4kOLRxFwf8P-grMQVf_kWv6TXFJTWS466KyGwwKNfZwVfXABveW0Xtyq6QByeHP8FAduwTYzRV3yypHWE4_EfF29CNDrC9pdA/s1280/IMG_3364.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpFxSrQKwWQp6oV2SRe5iSc4p9tb8cldoZrIoADmTezlJhcKBjcSsURwqNqI8mn1YzLXRLzllGxB-mxCI4ypn86Gn0w4kOLRxFwf8P-grMQVf_kWv6TXFJTWS466KyGwwKNfZwVfXABveW0Xtyq6QByeHP8FAduwTYzRV3yypHWE4_EfF29CNDrC9pdA/w300-h400/IMG_3364.jpeg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Robert Worby's photo</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: AGaramondPro; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;"><br /></span></div><div>At the top left there's an exclamation from Butt (Shem), in the stories chapter: <b>'Greates Schtschuptar!</b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: AGaramondPro; font-size: 10pt;">' </span>343.21. It's a play on Greatest Jupiter - the thunder god. On the right we see names for HCE, the father and Big Man in the Wake (Jupiter to the children): Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker, Here Comes Everybody, Haveth Childers Everywhere, Noah and Adam.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig739S163BoAh5C0PN_qGissbiKbuxj54S_4YfzIGWKxOAtQhGaa00OYeazk0wcEi24Sqztlh1r5VtsNF_U_IF_liiNM7vDbU61LrL9NgiPIdWKqEFxDuYQgujiKl4WvQPNCmwMdH_HUGDqEq4ZFbex3-3avZHfinbBWysaVFgDDNwTfGnxHosQLJ65g/s1005/Screenshot%202023-08-30%20at%2012.22.37.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="527" data-original-width="1005" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig739S163BoAh5C0PN_qGissbiKbuxj54S_4YfzIGWKxOAtQhGaa00OYeazk0wcEi24Sqztlh1r5VtsNF_U_IF_liiNM7vDbU61LrL9NgiPIdWKqEFxDuYQgujiKl4WvQPNCmwMdH_HUGDqEq4ZFbex3-3avZHfinbBWysaVFgDDNwTfGnxHosQLJ65g/w400-h210/Screenshot%202023-08-30%20at%2012.22.37.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Frederick J Haynes' photo</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div>In the second level, there's a Hebrew quotation from the children's games chapter, which Joyce called The Mime of Mick, Nick and the Maggies (219.17), and which ends with thunder:<div><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: AGaramondPro;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(35, 31, 32);"><br /></span></span></div><b>'And let Nek Nekulon extol Mak Makal and let him say unto him: Immi ammi Semmi.'</b> 258.10<div><br /></div>Nek Nekulon and Mak Makal are Shem and Shaun (Nick and Mick). In Hebrew, 'immi, ammi, shmi' means 'my mother, my nation, my name.' So this is Shem saying 'I am Shem' to his brother.</div><div><br /></div><div>'Ani Mama' on the left is from this passage:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Ani Mama and her fierty bustles'</b> 243.04</div><div><br /></div><div>That combines Hebrew 'Ani' (I am) with Anna Mamma (ALP), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anima_and_animus">Jung's anima</a>, and Ali Baba and the Forty thieves.</div><div><br /></div><b>'Home all go Halome' </b>(256.11) beneath the bones is the calling in of the children after their games.<div><br /></div><div>At the bottom there are pincers as instruments of torture used by the Spanish Inquisition, from the Stories chapter: <b><i>'Pardon the inquisition, causas es quostas?' </i></b>(342.10).</div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="#" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCTOB8exzfTbYltdDEBfpoaiSyzgZF6bHPZ1OrS0OdV80B3EhouCT7G6IHBZZqKMzXwM_g6n09Au8iVa1DmPfaDS1Nt6aDLozIch49-OOEfP_CxdKj91Qy61CtRqkQosT5ecXAIi2KSeTElRpxDVMQNYLI1PAxUlAN0NeMgxViSjfgkXrEZ9DYwvD-pw/s320/DSC_0048.jpeg" /></a></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><b>'The mausoleum lies behind us' (</b>81.05) is from a description of the Wake landscape. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdaeWOFk6bnlBooRSD39bZncLznN3JJQftsKICONmNBSPD-ZboQUgIOiNOkn3IEn6Tqy-Ba4XzAXhxFROorQeWwkv01i2nANQko84UBCqNKEj4S-85cZIpCW3ULeZq0_ZYnR9J6_oz8XAE1L1m1UIsNZYl9IP9yBDeqLdw1Wxq-1DeD5_4GYeinwd9XA/s4608/DSC_0045.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdaeWOFk6bnlBooRSD39bZncLznN3JJQftsKICONmNBSPD-ZboQUgIOiNOkn3IEn6Tqy-Ba4XzAXhxFROorQeWwkv01i2nANQko84UBCqNKEj4S-85cZIpCW3ULeZq0_ZYnR9J6_oz8XAE1L1m1UIsNZYl9IP9yBDeqLdw1Wxq-1DeD5_4GYeinwd9XA/s320/DSC_0045.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><b>'Sleep in the water, drug at the fire, shake the dust off and dream your one who would give her sidecurls too' (</b>280.34), from the lessons chapter, is a list of the four elements.<br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi04b-vJgqYkWASpZ8GI4WS7pFne-btEdRNCX76nQvI-JemLHkasEUL3sMFNyGfx_iqttPA97R9zqafrCYHEZnREhja9nHIeYPlxKqZJUcr8cw2Ke9ai4xbHe91Jj9f8lIPvAvKFav3zCVNe-Pe6ZVWOuhpVbfMaz4yjL41_ZNsdjV3g4e1Rg16tur9Xw/s4608/DSC_0042.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi04b-vJgqYkWASpZ8GI4WS7pFne-btEdRNCX76nQvI-JemLHkasEUL3sMFNyGfx_iqttPA97R9zqafrCYHEZnREhja9nHIeYPlxKqZJUcr8cw2Ke9ai4xbHe91Jj9f8lIPvAvKFav3zCVNe-Pe6ZVWOuhpVbfMaz4yjL41_ZNsdjV3g4e1Rg16tur9Xw/s320/DSC_0042.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>This book on top of a concrete slab is <b>'The hundredlettered name again, last word of perfect language'.</b> 424.23 - the last of ten thunderwords in the book.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div>At the far end of the corridor Kiefer has created a mechanical model of <i>Finnegans Wake</i>, viewed as a ‘vicociclometer’, a machine driven by Vico's historical cycles:</div><b><br />'Our wholemole millwheeling vicociclometer, a tetradomational gazebocroticon... autokinatonetically preprovided with a clappercoupling smeltingworks exprogressive process' 614.27</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz8wAI2OYJ_IFbfGVs49tZcthMUEPKycmNgFqh0cUNUbVfTLsBcINZ0wWwi_-F0XQrS0Tb--Tce15JCiVax4F5kw6AIM0wfvxeUEUHNbQvfrNma6xl4XABUBSqal4fyD7tT7PeiJFqg11tCuwER9qlG2zVXCJ06ISqSyd5HbGYVG0wMWUO_5M_jWpFlg/s750/vicicyclometer.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="632" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz8wAI2OYJ_IFbfGVs49tZcthMUEPKycmNgFqh0cUNUbVfTLsBcINZ0wWwi_-F0XQrS0Tb--Tce15JCiVax4F5kw6AIM0wfvxeUEUHNbQvfrNma6xl4XABUBSqal4fyD7tT7PeiJFqg11tCuwER9qlG2zVXCJ06ISqSyd5HbGYVG0wMWUO_5M_jWpFlg/w338-h400/vicicyclometer.png" width="338" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo from Jonathan Brooker</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Nearby, there's an Athanor, an alchemist's furnace. For both Joyce and Kiefer, art is an alchemical process, hence all the lead - the base matter to be changed into gold.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh_s_D8XAhb3WOhioO3rQhssVv2dL-n5vGQCuUFJVGVgePKHmoq7djzeTtfqYXE_V-jBAiSq5xRvSfNq44QR23U6VY6Yt8ARK_RA512XOQJu-AcGVSO-Q8yNR_Nuo8gkfTTRpJZvH-yGhPXhjF3tb767ThyD3Pn4rTYj9Fpvn88D3hCtFbBqyBo5br7g/s2048/athanor.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh_s_D8XAhb3WOhioO3rQhssVv2dL-n5vGQCuUFJVGVgePKHmoq7djzeTtfqYXE_V-jBAiSq5xRvSfNq44QR23U6VY6Yt8ARK_RA512XOQJu-AcGVSO-Q8yNR_Nuo8gkfTTRpJZvH-yGhPXhjF3tb767ThyD3Pn4rTYj9Fpvn88D3hCtFbBqyBo5br7g/s320/athanor.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Kiefer has used the title 'Athanor' for several works, including a <a href="http://emuseum.toledomuseum.org/objects/55723">painting of the burned </a>Reich Chancellory.</div><div><br /></div><div>Shem the Penman, Joyce's self-portrait, is an 'alshemist', who transmutes base matter (shit and urine) into ink, which he uses to write on his own body:</div><div><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: AGaramondPro; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div><div><b>'the first till last alshemist wrote over every square inch of the only foolscap available, his own body, till by its corrosive sublimation one continuous present tense integument slowly unfolded all marryvoising moodmoulded cyclewheeling history' </b> 185.34<br /><br />Shem cooks his food in an athanor:</div><b><br />'Of course our low hero was a self valeter by choice of need so up he got up whatever is meant by a stourbridge clay kitchenette and lithargogalenu fowlhouse for the sake of akes (the umpple does not fall very far from the dumpertree) which the moromelodious jigsmith, in defiance of the Uncontrollable Birth Preservativation (Game and Poultry) Act, playing lallaryrook cookerynook, by the dodginess of his lentern, brooled and cocked and potched in an athanor, whites and yolks and yilks and whotes to the frulling fredonnance... '</b> 184.10</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiXJ65JH26jCXeI9-T1OVv90z2H89NtVRhjLEXMiV1fMuKKboy_yxq9Au1ZAoRziJIPI8aX8lSlw2vFnIcO0d9Oew8h4e8mkGsiD5RI8HZxi-2rsF0Ob_S-hvFEfZo4995PeAMbYyuyT_7mWXnvD-dI_5u67kflpAG1tmqg0-wPowHqoIwIRFCMgFAxg/s3264/IMG_4941.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiXJ65JH26jCXeI9-T1OVv90z2H89NtVRhjLEXMiV1fMuKKboy_yxq9Au1ZAoRziJIPI8aX8lSlw2vFnIcO0d9Oew8h4e8mkGsiD5RI8HZxi-2rsF0Ob_S-hvFEfZo4995PeAMbYyuyT_7mWXnvD-dI_5u67kflpAG1tmqg0-wPowHqoIwIRFCMgFAxg/w400-h300/IMG_4941.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div></div><div><div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_5UmRBSJH7sMAhNHlWV0ppj4pNY_mNfUT5Bd6Oz7RjpsvuT9wZjq5KWq809zGSRUDO5qJ16CucbJThzYViQZTzb9p6J3psrN4zQGYdFj9ukH8Qc-dF5dSvj1g3PcKAO2BCuClytPQjuTSq5Ahyk0pceRH2fJoEv0zwte5lUR6sBE6IsnZ7Nd8g6sKrA/s1280/P1150217.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_5UmRBSJH7sMAhNHlWV0ppj4pNY_mNfUT5Bd6Oz7RjpsvuT9wZjq5KWq809zGSRUDO5qJ16CucbJThzYViQZTzb9p6J3psrN4zQGYdFj9ukH8Qc-dF5dSvj1g3PcKAO2BCuClytPQjuTSq5Ahyk0pceRH2fJoEv0zwte5lUR6sBE6IsnZ7Nd8g6sKrA/w400-h225/P1150217.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Robert Worby's photo</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>Like several of the quotations in the Arsenal, 'seedy ejaculations' and 'unused mill and stumbling stones' are taken from Shaun's descriptions of Shem the Penman's house, the Haunted Inkbottle, which could also be a description of the exhibition:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'The warped flooring of the lair and soundconducting walls thereof, to say nothing of the uprights and imposts, were persianly literatured with burst loveletters, telltale stories, stickyback snaps, doubtful eggshells, bouchers, flints, borers, puffers, amygdaloid almonds, rindless raisins, alphybettyformed verbage, vivlical viasses, ompiter dictas, visus umbique, ahems and ahahs, imeffible tries at speech unasyllabled, you owe mes, eyoldhyms, fluefoul smut, fallen lucifers, vestas which had served, showered ornaments, borrowed brogues, reversibles jackets, blackeye lenses, family jars, falsehair shirts, Godforsaken scapulars, neverworn breeches, cutthroat ties, counterfeit franks, best intentions, curried notes, upset latten tintacks, unused mill and stumpling stones, twisted quills, painful digests, magnifying wineglasses, solid objects cast at goblins, once current puns, quashed quotatoes, messes of mottage, unquestionable issue papers, seedy ejaculations, limerick damns, crocodile tears, spilt ink, blasphematory spits...'</b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: AGaramondPro; font-size: 10pt;"> 183.08</span></div><div><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: AGaramondPro; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div><div>Unlike Shaun who, as St Kevin, takes to a bathtub, Shem lives surrounded by filth.</div><div><br /></div>This is based on an attack on Joyce by Percy Wyndham Lewis (a model for Shaun), in which he described the bric-a-brac of <i>Ulysses:</i> </div><div><br /><b>'It lands the reader inside an</b> <b>Aladdin's cave of incredible bric-à-brac, in which a dense mass of dead stuff is collected, from 1901 toothpaste, a bar or two of sweet Rosie O'Grady, to pre-nordic architecture. An immense nature-morte is the result. This ensues from the method of confining the reader in a circumscribed psychological space into which several encyclopaedias have been emptied....It is a suffocating, moeotic expanse of objects, all of them lifeless, the sewage of a Past twenty years old.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><i>Time and Western Man.</i></div><div><div><br /></div><div>Off the corridor, there's a tall square white room, with shelving and vitrines.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK2sUz8X5BXpGjIa_vIHCBK8VRBJFkHBW1T2aXtXAsc6UhCI_eTQH9PWARK7JVHN-RO-dEoyXON8PMgwq5rrpcdQLCRfFo5RZwKUS_lsXTPOA-iftwCBxFsNBfuV6gik0E5mOUHwMtMyxgjgZq_QvqKx_QzNDcwP4QGmIEXe7ZMcDvn8Xt2oFfcJX7-A/s4608/DSC_0064.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK2sUz8X5BXpGjIa_vIHCBK8VRBJFkHBW1T2aXtXAsc6UhCI_eTQH9PWARK7JVHN-RO-dEoyXON8PMgwq5rrpcdQLCRfFo5RZwKUS_lsXTPOA-iftwCBxFsNBfuV6gik0E5mOUHwMtMyxgjgZq_QvqKx_QzNDcwP4QGmIEXe7ZMcDvn8Xt2oFfcJX7-A/s320/DSC_0064.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>This vitrine has a 'Uganda chief in locked ivory casket', which comes from a description of Dublin squalor, in the Haveth Childers Everywhere section, one of the funniest parts of the book.</div><div><br /></div><b>'last four occupants carried out, mental companionship with mates only, respectability unsuccessfully aimed at, copious holes emitting mice, decoration from Uganda chief in locked ivory casket, grandmother has advanced alcoholic amblyopia...' 545.06</b><div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2y8Q5OP1HRJxCeZ1Y-GjdHX4nlAVcYNLBUN5kAY5Hh8Y0edf21DFNfKaRGlBHmBvimyRCa401ZUe4Ud6GQBgnPEknoeUXWVSU3hBHBaFYbdsPJ73iZquLJUCZrBxYHytDnGG9drwO1GVDSNYpA4Z6421Ml3ajeesvgqgDatqQp6yO1MkLRE93XjyPkw/s4423/DSC_0070.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4423" data-original-width="2948" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2y8Q5OP1HRJxCeZ1Y-GjdHX4nlAVcYNLBUN5kAY5Hh8Y0edf21DFNfKaRGlBHmBvimyRCa401ZUe4Ud6GQBgnPEknoeUXWVSU3hBHBaFYbdsPJ73iZquLJUCZrBxYHytDnGG9drwO1GVDSNYpA4Z6421Ml3ajeesvgqgDatqQp6yO1MkLRE93XjyPkw/s320/DSC_0070.jpeg" width="213" /></a></div><div></div><div><div>It's based on Rowntree's <i>Poverty: A Study of Town Life,</i> which repeatedly uses the term 'respectable':</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7D9MFpoK_B_yMnMP5SPKuRddydEr9jloWQGDaGsEHq3CKN64hoNJ29Xk-c2sRBNGyLK6ddj31J2uDR7B3bmVT2Q3WgncayZZF72D_aKyW0AqttyflLcpjguRGLy5ShThunItX2BVXdr__LKz5w9UyWR4PHdPKWA8TjV3pODa8DuhrmMJNFQtliTCzMw/s258/poverty.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="258" data-original-width="256" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7D9MFpoK_B_yMnMP5SPKuRddydEr9jloWQGDaGsEHq3CKN64hoNJ29Xk-c2sRBNGyLK6ddj31J2uDR7B3bmVT2Q3WgncayZZF72D_aKyW0AqttyflLcpjguRGLy5ShThunItX2BVXdr__LKz5w9UyWR4PHdPKWA8TjV3pODa8DuhrmMJNFQtliTCzMw/s1600/poverty.png" width="256" /></a></div><div><br /></div>The 'companionship with mates' and 'holes emitting mice' are both Rowntree quotations. Joyce must have read about a Uganda chief somewhere, but nobody's found it yet. </div><div><br /></div><div>The whole section anticipates the William Burroughs cut-up method. Here's another quotation from it:</div><div><br /></div><b>'fair home overcrowded, tidy but very little furniture, respectable, whole family attends daily mass and is dead sick of bread and butter, sometime in the militia, mentally strained from reading work on German physics, shares closet with eight other dwellings, more than respectable, getting comfortable parish relief' 543.22</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEkr6obv39W0-xFSMzcXZZ8KDlKwr_qVVfQU8a3acHxwtcYLy_fj3HMuLJ6Jt_GHsrGLhk2RpLNVzvxyZHay1tJtWJPo1ME7CiuW6u_bwYrKFURighMvjVqptXKwVR-HSVX2mTg4pJUOSPBBa_-gGZ2Gx240s8UOf37z6Vi9SJ2T9bY4k5EvEUA4nFEw/s786/helix.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="786" data-original-width="781" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEkr6obv39W0-xFSMzcXZZ8KDlKwr_qVVfQU8a3acHxwtcYLy_fj3HMuLJ6Jt_GHsrGLhk2RpLNVzvxyZHay1tJtWJPo1ME7CiuW6u_bwYrKFURighMvjVqptXKwVR-HSVX2mTg4pJUOSPBBa_-gGZ2Gx240s8UOf37z6Vi9SJ2T9bY4k5EvEUA4nFEw/s320/helix.png" width="318" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo from Dorothy Max Prior<br /><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div>Kiefer has selected 'mentally strained from reading work on German physics', which is from this section in Rowntree:</div><div><b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3-EOrePZtAyDSumvauuEMsC-DzL-2IgctkCJPaOclrZDFMbtseMtvwAfXjLDuCwL8lTBQBOXWnLH08q51Zml11JkrIWQT1yuqQPda65jGKdEJ-20hKYrEPkpWRy0oaqlKLAKz1OgcaJNLcLzskCxvRdw2D-Fy5YfBiO9VY76urDd1SQBV6qL32DC4sQ/s434/Screenshot%202023-08-29%20at%2013.13.20.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="434" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3-EOrePZtAyDSumvauuEMsC-DzL-2IgctkCJPaOclrZDFMbtseMtvwAfXjLDuCwL8lTBQBOXWnLH08q51Zml11JkrIWQT1yuqQPda65jGKdEJ-20hKYrEPkpWRy0oaqlKLAKz1OgcaJNLcLzskCxvRdw2D-Fy5YfBiO9VY76urDd1SQBV6qL32DC4sQ/w400-h221/Screenshot%202023-08-29%20at%2013.13.20.png" width="400" /></a></div></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>He's placed this beneath a DNA double helix, and another ruin with fallen buildings.<br /><div><br /></div><div>The double helix, which wasn't discovered until 1953, 14 years after <i>Finnegans Wake</i> was published, often features in Kiefer's work.</div><div><br /></div><div>Above the Uganda chief vitrine, the squalor theme continues with Dublin's brothels.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDuP1d1YFI96GhBQU8nbibPXcaj1lQ6dEyaC_D5hJXNYxVV2VY73evoXkTmpB5731xMesOFwYImsRt2qZ1LfgQ4VkCEuSCA79CLr512FfaAITxtiWglYToHTK_9ZvQnmF0RKhs3IR8HOLmIIbh8f8DRaROBDxF9KEOpqTwzgCLB73QWaoxqn-eI47vqw/s4567/DSC_0065.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDuP1d1YFI96GhBQU8nbibPXcaj1lQ6dEyaC_D5hJXNYxVV2VY73evoXkTmpB5731xMesOFwYImsRt2qZ1LfgQ4VkCEuSCA79CLr512FfaAITxtiWglYToHTK_9ZvQnmF0RKhs3IR8HOLmIIbh8f8DRaROBDxF9KEOpqTwzgCLB73QWaoxqn-eI47vqw/s320/DSC_0065.jpeg" /></a></div><div></div><div><br /></div>Here's part of one of Joyce's ten 100 letter thurderwords, this one made up of different words for prostitute, plus 'bloody awful', 'foul', 'lady', 'strip' and Mecklenburg Street, the brothel district of Dublin.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><b>Bladyughfoulmoecklenburgwhurawhorascortastrumpapornanennykocksapastippatappatupperstrippuckputtanach, eh?</b> 90.31<br /><div><br /></div><div>It continues lower down, on the right side of the Uganda chief.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg81aHzxDDVYmySst4Pf73m289sRWIEiBSFiy10JYVZFbjJckQmxdhvg5wWeziFYAsBj1CM8nM-2L9JFXOEXJ-gP5aT3FMI9I7SFl7z0d9Fs-Exzg9sxWyA0fiEsv-hHDBpUIg9YMi7gtNOglXJpFQ2Vp8zq98FT-BrpWfhjPfdTKDkINaf0KFrCGMyVA/s4608/DSC_0068.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg81aHzxDDVYmySst4Pf73m289sRWIEiBSFiy10JYVZFbjJckQmxdhvg5wWeziFYAsBj1CM8nM-2L9JFXOEXJ-gP5aT3FMI9I7SFl7z0d9Fs-Exzg9sxWyA0fiEsv-hHDBpUIg9YMi7gtNOglXJpFQ2Vp8zq98FT-BrpWfhjPfdTKDkINaf0KFrCGMyVA/s320/DSC_0068.jpeg" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>In the same space we can see the transformation of the washerwomen, at the end of the Anna Livia chapter, into a rock and a tree. I love the way he's placed this massive rock so high up.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn3Be9gwG5OnUqVQf2arJuzRO-0eEWj7s7ttoE_uBUDdH7WMLj7tum_eRLgzaiK3NbjKL_ryQpBaY38gaReWHk7nf7SbWSYN0FQA-LhNQ0pSB4F2SfyYocnF1kMSE0EJzqMRoKsHGrlgDAhb5js9kZnOyFGOloP7MuohMIWUaTI7nQhifmWaGpohI87A/s4608/DSC_0060.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn3Be9gwG5OnUqVQf2arJuzRO-0eEWj7s7ttoE_uBUDdH7WMLj7tum_eRLgzaiK3NbjKL_ryQpBaY38gaReWHk7nf7SbWSYN0FQA-LhNQ0pSB4F2SfyYocnF1kMSE0EJzqMRoKsHGrlgDAhb5js9kZnOyFGOloP7MuohMIWUaTI7nQhifmWaGpohI87A/s320/DSC_0060.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div></div><div><br /></div><div>The photo at the bottom is captioned ‘TAFF a smart boy’ (338.05) a name for Shaun in the stories chapter.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh662sVHRuPd0DKrLfcMYkPkiuoW7sHZwUpAkGqdTBxddIci6riEOh9_kmt6BX960D7NDpHm0S2Dg_dHW0Q6gzmRkvyH6M7-vrAfn_-lRu07hDXlEWGiddqV3jKV_9lTOPiBpahbkcvj9bUEfSJ1KOc6QcN7hjt9jJOWyFajKCHIO1UEJ6Mn0ELJjtj-g/s1969/IMG_5152.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1191" data-original-width="1969" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh662sVHRuPd0DKrLfcMYkPkiuoW7sHZwUpAkGqdTBxddIci6riEOh9_kmt6BX960D7NDpHm0S2Dg_dHW0Q6gzmRkvyH6M7-vrAfn_-lRu07hDXlEWGiddqV3jKV_9lTOPiBpahbkcvj9bUEfSJ1KOc6QcN7hjt9jJOWyFajKCHIO1UEJ6Mn0ELJjtj-g/s320/IMG_5152.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>This is the younger washerwoman, Miss Dodpebble, transformed into<b> 'an oldsteinsong'</b> 231.21 </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1JfI7jVApesNKb_TlOx5S8s_kPBpEkwAFZtS4PakWqlONVtDoJpbWtooZcTD829AjyXXYqeA0qgantScStlbixhCqCmLnSKjivDX612W19AgLYIdA6kRoA9jQOW8pwzUWh7V72vwCq9--9HO4BmOdEvFSOTwjaZvF820ZrleEGg5W3VH_cQCzJ6bSig/s4608/DSC_0061.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1JfI7jVApesNKb_TlOx5S8s_kPBpEkwAFZtS4PakWqlONVtDoJpbWtooZcTD829AjyXXYqeA0qgantScStlbixhCqCmLnSKjivDX612W19AgLYIdA6kRoA9jQOW8pwzUWh7V72vwCq9--9HO4BmOdEvFSOTwjaZvF820ZrleEGg5W3VH_cQCzJ6bSig/s320/DSC_0061.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div></div><div><br /></div><div>Here the older washerwoman, Mrs Quickenough, is being changed into a tree.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtQQAQ1cZBxufULCMLiFzxErEj3HEG1xgAFFwPI3o-eqczTaIf-OIcxJq0EVkdnVyNxAXXzloXf0hg9iC8CYG8IyJhxpgrI0pLnz1DySTmOu22oOnvzeHNtYuQDMXnrmC17U5PfIKklSZ_UGHDkh6gO9eC-GX42Vajveg8Wr9MMfdZ-5GUPVU1m2b4vg/s3682/DSC_0062.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3682" data-original-width="2644" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtQQAQ1cZBxufULCMLiFzxErEj3HEG1xgAFFwPI3o-eqczTaIf-OIcxJq0EVkdnVyNxAXXzloXf0hg9iC8CYG8IyJhxpgrI0pLnz1DySTmOu22oOnvzeHNtYuQDMXnrmC17U5PfIKklSZ_UGHDkh6gO9eC-GX42Vajveg8Wr9MMfdZ-5GUPVU1m2b4vg/s320/DSC_0062.jpeg" width="230" /></a></div><div></div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Look, look, the dusk is growing! My branches lofty are taking root.' </b>213.12</div><div><br /></div><div>The tree stands for time, while the stone stands for space.</div><div><br /></div><div>Here you can see the woman being changed into a tree at the top right.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkcgK2FqGAjASu9nPnWgu9HOqOCc_jz5mW-_7ZkbLTQBVdY8YnjPShoRxZzxjuc-mN17dvUsAenTPlOfgcpfvMAfZKwMDdCyEhbXziVxZhxoR2EzDjXIEPw-c7jVQ4KXtzmlJJLT5G97I0ywCdOB2T9Na1YUuknI1AOLwVaY4vguLSeIDq5imoObergQ/s3836/DSC_0063.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2551" data-original-width="3836" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkcgK2FqGAjASu9nPnWgu9HOqOCc_jz5mW-_7ZkbLTQBVdY8YnjPShoRxZzxjuc-mN17dvUsAenTPlOfgcpfvMAfZKwMDdCyEhbXziVxZhxoR2EzDjXIEPw-c7jVQ4KXtzmlJJLT5G97I0ywCdOB2T9Na1YUuknI1AOLwVaY4vguLSeIDq5imoObergQ/s320/DSC_0063.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div></div><div><br /></div>Robert suggested that the clothes hanging in a row beneath the tree on the left represent the washerwomen’s laundry.</div><div><br /></div><div>Beneath there's a vitrine with the text from a pompous professorial lecture by Shaun about Shem: <b>'the reason I went to Jericho must remain for certain reasons a political secret'</b> (150.19)</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_G6RlnErHq6iZ4kIJTTAKrOvB9iyiBo-qcH5mdzF79hyySqjMrtFvjwekSCWQANQ5shGmZO5b316sx7RRo5UZE_YkBtbAAF7qiAuf6SKyGG20gv2wmjJKFpeLBJ464O793lDLaCE-mG5DcQF-bH-NMVOUgJOeL3vNIQDKCmIOF8fQzc83eUUdBacrAA/s1280/IMG_3366.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_G6RlnErHq6iZ4kIJTTAKrOvB9iyiBo-qcH5mdzF79hyySqjMrtFvjwekSCWQANQ5shGmZO5b316sx7RRo5UZE_YkBtbAAF7qiAuf6SKyGG20gv2wmjJKFpeLBJ464O793lDLaCE-mG5DcQF-bH-NMVOUgJOeL3vNIQDKCmIOF8fQzc83eUUdBacrAA/w300-h400/IMG_3366.jpeg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Robert Worby's photo</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>This looks like the crumbling walls of Jericho. <br /><div><br /></div><div>Here's another vitrine, showing the weighing of the heart scene from the <i>Papyrus of Ani</i>, a version of the <i>Egyptian Book of the Dead</i>. A model for <i>Finnegans Wake,</i> its proper title was 'Chapters of Coming Forth by Day'.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAB3pOo8vS6c0DevhB5a49SfdOCvffr4OWUj0T9-K9Xp7eVCluklOrudm4EBrrBWUkQEtPPmzdklZSA27LKwATLekGusGL1U_Ecih9MCzRMKF62h2TpRDRYcscg0vNgcl0Tn7kAylGw9768sV6Vor2fLqUBahGgH9bS16PDGSRPVpJfe_l06HYF9mqlg/s1280/P1150228.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="719" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAB3pOo8vS6c0DevhB5a49SfdOCvffr4OWUj0T9-K9Xp7eVCluklOrudm4EBrrBWUkQEtPPmzdklZSA27LKwATLekGusGL1U_Ecih9MCzRMKF62h2TpRDRYcscg0vNgcl0Tn7kAylGw9768sV6Vor2fLqUBahGgH9bS16PDGSRPVpJfe_l06HYF9mqlg/w225-h400/P1150228.jpeg" width="225" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Robert Worby's photo.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>The quotation on the glass is from the opening of Book III:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>‘And low stoke o’er the stillness the heartbeats of sleep.’</b> 403.05</div><div><br /></div><div>The amorphous shape behind the scales has appeared in previous Kiefer paintings and sculptures, <a href="https://whitewall.art/art/final-days-kiefer-rodin-barnes-foundation">often titled 'Emanation'</a>. </div><div><br /></div><div>Here Ani's heart is weighed against a feather of truth (Maat), and found to be lighter, allowing him to come forth by day in the kingdom of Osiris. </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikBaz0PdhtVjK98D8h9Bfk9kHuc8oYTjiHDoAKBP16YWM6ZghOc8P-PBDCa8nfEctu5x2K_q51juJJsFCyE8fA8_02c9tJhqHjLieqM6UpdFb8CI8LOlL6GltrwWqdBVNRZpyAs9DogP0PhExYnpAXDiC_u8_8mkZRy6KplLrytSok5dt3Lgo4ctvs6g/s831/ani.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="440" data-original-width="831" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikBaz0PdhtVjK98D8h9Bfk9kHuc8oYTjiHDoAKBP16YWM6ZghOc8P-PBDCa8nfEctu5x2K_q51juJJsFCyE8fA8_02c9tJhqHjLieqM6UpdFb8CI8LOlL6GltrwWqdBVNRZpyAs9DogP0PhExYnpAXDiC_u8_8mkZRy6KplLrytSok5dt3Lgo4ctvs6g/w400-h211/ani.png" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>There are more than 133 quotations from the Book of the Dead in Finnegans Wake, <a href="http://www.fweet.org/cgi-bin/fw_grep.cgi?i=1&c=1&a=1&b=1&s=%3CBD%3E&escope=1&dist=4&ndist=4&fontsz=100&showtxt=1">listed here in fweet</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div>This vitrine shows Issy as Nuvoletta, the cloud girl, a famous lyrical passage <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTGfZIO9SNU">set to music by Samuel Barber.</a></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPyEpl4TCTWikyi_6ibs95lNY1Rtx2JsyEIFuMpxmiKc7g-ynucstWS7DMA5VmaU50oZCteQ5PjhNi1p3NR0GyVHqRkOl5xlCcSVj6FblZI0qR0IXxuWzbFMqWqK0C6DILjqvplcdGBwHJPOIrlbXXVd99MUF8HJYOxiCl5cUe_g2D8gR5E70djbbeOA/s4608/DSC_0066.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPyEpl4TCTWikyi_6ibs95lNY1Rtx2JsyEIFuMpxmiKc7g-ynucstWS7DMA5VmaU50oZCteQ5PjhNi1p3NR0GyVHqRkOl5xlCcSVj6FblZI0qR0IXxuWzbFMqWqK0C6DILjqvplcdGBwHJPOIrlbXXVd99MUF8HJYOxiCl5cUe_g2D8gR5E70djbbeOA/s320/DSC_0066.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><b>'Nuvoletta in her lightdress, spunn of sisteen shimmers, was looking down on them, leaning over the bannistars and listening all she childishly could.'</b> 157.08</div></div></div><div><br /></div><div>The passage ends with her falling as a raindrop into the river:</div><div><br /></div><b>'She cancelled all her engauzements. She climbed over the bannistars; she gave a childy cloudy cry: <i>Nuée! Nuée! </i>A lightdress fluttered. She was gone. And into the river that had been a stream (for a thousand of tears had gone eon her and come on her and she was stout and struck on dancing and her muddied name was Missis- liffi) there fell a tear, a singult tear, the loveliest of all tears...for it was a leaper.'</b> 159.08</div><div><br /></div><div>Kiefer's captured the atmosphere of that in those hanging white gowns.<br /><div><br /></div><div>In a side gallery, Kiefer has created a huge pile of sand, with shopping trolleys half buried in it - an image of the collapse of capitalism? The wall quotations are political/ economic references from different parts of the Wake:</div><div><br /></div><b>'The aged monad making a venture out of the murder of investment.'</b>341.13<div><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: AGaramondPro; font-size: 10pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div><b>'he would go good to him suntime marx my word fort, for a chip off the old Flint'</b> 83.09</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Our bourse and politicoecomedy are in safe with good Jock Shepherd, our lives are on sure in sorting with Jonathans, wild and great.' 540.26</b></div><div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwt10e4qiim32JjZ4YqMOHeGplpJRW-qnOzO9Oc87k2DtjOj4pVjTB2jMx2ta599VC-tuApMAwgfk09tjgTtcQf7NeEDrteNw-99SeW4MHh8oEZ2nLMtUQfhgnoOiIzKm8Um3X2kbMb4yss7cKSqpZ98qcTvO5pHpSJp4uzx2QyQJxa51-POJXKgO5Rg/s1280/IMG_3365.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwt10e4qiim32JjZ4YqMOHeGplpJRW-qnOzO9Oc87k2DtjOj4pVjTB2jMx2ta599VC-tuApMAwgfk09tjgTtcQf7NeEDrteNw-99SeW4MHh8oEZ2nLMtUQfhgnoOiIzKm8Um3X2kbMb4yss7cKSqpZ98qcTvO5pHpSJp4uzx2QyQJxa51-POJXKgO5Rg/w300-h400/IMG_3365.jpeg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Robert Worby's photo</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>On the side of the sand mound, there's a huge painting of the still living people of Ireland, 'humble indivisibles in the grand continuum', longing for the return of Jaun (Shaun):</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2frLzsIJOVvbai6yO23D0hI98PMQ-Mh2CrumlOWe56zBvlCQcV_mjfalX9rfoRRdWuRDwXW3HuwBRdi2Zmj3Q39Aq1J2ZEwju6j_w7DwbpJdcLyYbVSyRMYeYomkY7rxdpmJei_cqIM4zkyFgvqBbW9xD8N4aFftMNE-2FN2kPFefXp-pzNZziYmXog/s4608/DSC_0050.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2frLzsIJOVvbai6yO23D0hI98PMQ-Mh2CrumlOWe56zBvlCQcV_mjfalX9rfoRRdWuRDwXW3HuwBRdi2Zmj3Q39Aq1J2ZEwju6j_w7DwbpJdcLyYbVSyRMYeYomkY7rxdpmJei_cqIM4zkyFgvqBbW9xD8N4aFftMNE-2FN2kPFefXp-pzNZziYmXog/w400-h266/DSC_0050.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><b><br />'Numerous are those who, nay, there are a dozen of folks still unclaimed by the death angel in this country of ours today, humble indivisibles in this grand continuum, overlorded by fate and interlarded with accidence, who, while there are hours and days, will fervently pray to the spirit above that they may never depart this earth of theirs till in his long run from that place where the day begins, ere he retourneys postexilic, on that day that belongs to joyful Ireland, the people that is of all time, the old old oldest, the young young youngest, after decades of longsuffering and decennia of brief glory, to mind us of what was when and to matter us of the withering of our ways...'</b> 472.28</div><div>.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_K6UbFCp1WNRRnYPQoV-sp47jO8CUd-xXUbiLyhYjVEomymaWUholxnnULMrYbAagOYUnRCBvM8AQPcAi9zD_hBvX6jMyvnh96H2tgvBTZd75LetmnrrHheDwhSm9DLpOLNtJy7tiVv4X8ag6TrtFwqZhn-VJ5vApPMFC-epw2Siwj5XCtCGQQ4W2Kw/s677/humble.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="677" data-original-width="590" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_K6UbFCp1WNRRnYPQoV-sp47jO8CUd-xXUbiLyhYjVEomymaWUholxnnULMrYbAagOYUnRCBvM8AQPcAi9zD_hBvX6jMyvnh96H2tgvBTZd75LetmnrrHheDwhSm9DLpOLNtJy7tiVv4X8ag6TrtFwqZhn-VJ5vApPMFC-epw2Siwj5XCtCGQQ4W2Kw/s320/humble.png" width="279" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Detail, from Jonathan Brooker</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><div><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: AGaramondPro; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1pu0L-6Ii58JT8rrn8h-8rBv1G05GRoecGeKiJb2Qxq-bHM_g9Vd5x1OAHfmftrY1aMngvDd8mTVzT8C-hmxWMBQa53imO3zVRTklv7ffJR-FS7gUzu-LnyWMqDOYnGYdjFUWPlx73TkK6iY0ISJCPsTrN0yCgFfQ29ewhAUeZg_I4F1cL3Uuif3VHQ/s1048/painting.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="611" data-original-width="1048" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1pu0L-6Ii58JT8rrn8h-8rBv1G05GRoecGeKiJb2Qxq-bHM_g9Vd5x1OAHfmftrY1aMngvDd8mTVzT8C-hmxWMBQa53imO3zVRTklv7ffJR-FS7gUzu-LnyWMqDOYnGYdjFUWPlx73TkK6iY0ISJCPsTrN0yCgFfQ29ewhAUeZg_I4F1cL3Uuif3VHQ/w400-h234/painting.png" width="400" /></a></div><div></div><div><br /></div><div>At the top the sky looks like it's exploding, and there are shoes and clothes stuck to the painting.</div><div><br /></div></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVVb7FmtfUKupL7_FC4YOCMITvH4chdTAhu0xuvmA93as20uQqju25QJ2XYssG5E5lFAtsGTZREO234G3YcZfzOMo9VqIw3xGFanNGNc6c-9Tz6QiQJ_aMrhHEb3OcZeDYAdjrB-ddrEHK99FrbuTnN-7JpUsDvoW1P42sfVu59oRfmC5DNaxN-e7xkw/s1127/liffey%20painting.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="632" data-original-width="1127" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVVb7FmtfUKupL7_FC4YOCMITvH4chdTAhu0xuvmA93as20uQqju25QJ2XYssG5E5lFAtsGTZREO234G3YcZfzOMo9VqIw3xGFanNGNc6c-9Tz6QiQJ_aMrhHEb3OcZeDYAdjrB-ddrEHK99FrbuTnN-7JpUsDvoW1P42sfVu59oRfmC5DNaxN-e7xkw/w640-h358/liffey%20painting.png" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The north gallery is a river room, with twelve huge paintings of the Liffey, beneath a golden sky. Each carries a quotation describing the river. 'O nilly, not all, here's the fuss cartaraction!' 'When Adam was delvin and madameen spinning waters tilts, 'The obluvial waters of our noarchic memory', 'The dead sea dugong updripdripping from his depths', 'A stream, alplapping coyly coiled um, cool of her curls', 'You're welcome to Waterford', 'Woman will water the wild world over', 'Galawater and fragrant pistania mud', and 'Warming along gradually for our savings backwards mother water.'</div><div><br /></div><div>Kiefer says these paintings, made in 2023, are based on the Rhine.</div><div><br /></div><div>On the floor, there are 29 lead covered books (the number of Issy and her girl companions). I found out afterwards that visitors can turn the pages, though this creates a cloud of dust. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-CNFTwxXDhshtoSoDjPoYQnjFM14YeG76zCwWsVi7AUnX__VtMV6x2ua8EPXujSbBVKP5MAzFiHYvYcLrASUuIUnioWYMUDjx1UdwI0jSJ9goExtTn2c0EdqZbpHmw128s05W8Ah1-yR9ibXko7xN9RMe7iRv6OJR4Ro-qMt5KI92leH5Sas0gnmuUw/s1807/leadbooksjpeg.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1315" data-original-width="1807" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-CNFTwxXDhshtoSoDjPoYQnjFM14YeG76zCwWsVi7AUnX__VtMV6x2ua8EPXujSbBVKP5MAzFiHYvYcLrASUuIUnioWYMUDjx1UdwI0jSJ9goExtTn2c0EdqZbpHmw128s05W8Ah1-yR9ibXko7xN9RMe7iRv6OJR4Ro-qMt5KI92leH5Sas0gnmuUw/w400-h291/leadbooksjpeg.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY7fEQRIwDp64cluXpcPS5ZoYihJcQS0-N1CUJVCd4r6aD87O-UzuccmqWGbbJ9SofcyWmtROJKTH2g3Bdk1OVFpGOCxW-U3jFaIlCAMgsabTbEsO_3AAu_lsxU-YyVQjaWn9XL0uJ7QdgvRRufMth2tLrbt4txne08jSVutFdL8fXuSYg8R6xOAxDrg/s653/brooker2.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="653" data-original-width="628" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY7fEQRIwDp64cluXpcPS5ZoYihJcQS0-N1CUJVCd4r6aD87O-UzuccmqWGbbJ9SofcyWmtROJKTH2g3Bdk1OVFpGOCxW-U3jFaIlCAMgsabTbEsO_3AAu_lsxU-YyVQjaWn9XL0uJ7QdgvRRufMth2tLrbt4txne08jSVutFdL8fXuSYg8R6xOAxDrg/w385-h400/brooker2.png" width="385" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo from Jonathan Brooker</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>So the movement from the lead on the floor to the gold skies is another alchemical reference.</div><div><br /></div><div>The biggest piece is a vast ruin made of shattered concrete and barbed wire in the South Gallery. This is called 'Phall if you will but rise you must', illustrating this passage on cyclical renewal:</div><div><b><br /></b></div><b>'The oaks of ald now they lie in peat yet elms leap where askes lay. Phall if you but will, rise you must: and none so soon either shall the pharce for the nunce come to a setdown secular phoenish.' </b>4.13<div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2BxmkgZ4Fhe7Q2wJebMlNKjHeyLc008rQa-lmqVcdGlqq65rzKWq8iiSDJ7SEmyzeWfF4zXB0czyk7T4-CqcNHkX8mpNCkZka8JTjZlXZ0_wFEO9dOlNS90e7IQ4O7eYUXkelqV75L91DK0RETWtuFMm3WGTXgwg0NTajb6kELImZXStQOYQeBZMuHA/s631/Screenshot%202023-08-20%20at%2011.18.32.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="631" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2BxmkgZ4Fhe7Q2wJebMlNKjHeyLc008rQa-lmqVcdGlqq65rzKWq8iiSDJ7SEmyzeWfF4zXB0czyk7T4-CqcNHkX8mpNCkZka8JTjZlXZ0_wFEO9dOlNS90e7IQ4O7eYUXkelqV75L91DK0RETWtuFMm3WGTXgwg0NTajb6kELImZXStQOYQeBZMuHA/s320/Screenshot%202023-08-20%20at%2011.18.32.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Jonathan Brooker's photo</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><b>'When I was born I was in the hospital with my mother in the cellar. And then this night our house was bombed. If they hadn’t been in the hospital they would be dead, me included. It’s interesting, no? And then as a child I had no Spielzeuge – no toys. So I built all these houses with the bricks from the ruin. I had all that I wanted. Because my family had moved into the house next to this bombed house. I was next to the ruins, it was fantastic. As a child you don’t judge. You take what it is and keep it. For me it was not a catastrophe. It was my toys.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Kiefer<a href="The oaks of ald now they lie in peat yet elms leap where askes lay. Phall if you but will, rise you must: and none so soon either shall the pharce for the nunce come to a setdown secular phoenish."> to Jonathan Jones in a Guardian interview</a>.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHqkvuWSegVB9JSfmZ_h8lDcAZSNuIUWe8heaJWKONJFMfXjZXMHxWMqUWH7uumz2nByIP2owqPoVHbEWK9yR8z5Xo9Wo1mFGoJ4nTgd_elP5Deb0DKwrQmG_zRTRsvKEAdTq-UAc-jOOCqZrilHXtaQMH5hr69uKrDFqSj8tXft-Vc4VA59A0O2G5rA/s1280/IMG_3368.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHqkvuWSegVB9JSfmZ_h8lDcAZSNuIUWe8heaJWKONJFMfXjZXMHxWMqUWH7uumz2nByIP2owqPoVHbEWK9yR8z5Xo9Wo1mFGoJ4nTgd_elP5Deb0DKwrQmG_zRTRsvKEAdTq-UAc-jOOCqZrilHXtaQMH5hr69uKrDFqSj8tXft-Vc4VA59A0O2G5rA/w400-h300/IMG_3368.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Robert Worby's photo</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div></div>On one wall, there's a big dark painting of sunflowers.<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1ny3gAkEkLYlZyGC9u1ymESZXuaFGuqNYx15eVjS03ZNYooASuY1g5lVlOFVMW5lNXVXqLaJsahuFZT-mEqHx4ZplK0O8nDr1QAY9238Nitg-NdY7-Uzz8mrWbXdcFOjnDw15qCe1Nf_0ygGltPJOBLFjfIOObPbbpTo43L3PQhbthiMZ86973HaG_A/s747/sunflower.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="747" data-original-width="624" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1ny3gAkEkLYlZyGC9u1ymESZXuaFGuqNYx15eVjS03ZNYooASuY1g5lVlOFVMW5lNXVXqLaJsahuFZT-mEqHx4ZplK0O8nDr1QAY9238Nitg-NdY7-Uzz8mrWbXdcFOjnDw15qCe1Nf_0ygGltPJOBLFjfIOObPbbpTo43L3PQhbthiMZ86973HaG_A/s320/sunflower.png" width="267" /></a></div><br /><div>Sunflowers are a favourite subject for Kiefer. </div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>'First the sunflower is connected with the stars, because it moves its head against the sun. And in the night it’s closed. The moment they explode they are yellow and fantastic: that’s already the declining point. So sunflowers are a symbol for our <i>condition d’etre</i>.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Kiefer to Jonathan Jones in the Guardian interview.</div><div><br /></div><div>The first Wake quote on the painting is from a passage where the 29 February girls celebrate Shaun:</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>'the phalanx of daughters of February Filldyke, embushed and climbing, ramblers and weeps, voiced approval in their customary manner by dropping kneedeep in tears over their concelebrated meednight sunflower, piopadey boy, their solase in dorckaness...' </b>470.04</div><div><br /></div><div>The second is from the seance chapter, and is spoken by ALP through Yawn (Shaun), referring to her red hair.</div><b><br />'— Capilla, Rubrilla and Melcamomilla!' </b>492.12</div><div><br /></div><div>Another favourite subject of Kiefer's is the snake, whose multiple meanings he has discussed in an interview in the <a href="https://gagosian.com/quarterly/2019/02/11/interview-anselm-kiefer-uraeus/">Gagosian Quarterly</a>.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw8f9oWMn3cKiMZxfyjWBIogW7ZKPTbq5MjUCsb4UkBkTXZ7vhHiUEJqQrulh7pQNHbBqYQKafy96gIp-DXbVxIrNHRHicgTWTyBXm7f_lluQMJQPiXU5x6T-6NO2H1DtW8q6AmGvef3YuxpDDq740FvwvOI87ruOfqHTtnEup0cX4ngnMZEbl8r9qFw/s769/snakes.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="753" data-original-width="769" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw8f9oWMn3cKiMZxfyjWBIogW7ZKPTbq5MjUCsb4UkBkTXZ7vhHiUEJqQrulh7pQNHbBqYQKafy96gIp-DXbVxIrNHRHicgTWTyBXm7f_lluQMJQPiXU5x6T-6NO2H1DtW8q6AmGvef3YuxpDDq740FvwvOI87ruOfqHTtnEup0cX4ngnMZEbl8r9qFw/s320/snakes.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Dorothy Max Prior's photo</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><i>Finnegans Wake</i> is also full of snakes, enemies of HCE:<div><br /><b>' Sss! See the snake wurrums everyside! Our durlbin is sworming in sneaks.' 19.12</b></div><div><b>'Wriggling reptiles, take notice!'</b> 616.16<b><br /></b><div><br /></div><div><div>To one side of the ruin is a big painting of the Wake family, with HCE as a shadowy absence on the left. Robert Worby suggested that they are wearing hazmat suits and holding metal detectors to look for mines.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP8ZPN1JkWzEZYzU3kFDOlhbzkLsz2bPoZcnLnKhomuJeQyNs5kENU2GPCahAkHsuLpOHIlNwRLo6JdjyTVcNlXz13OqM7aeM3xLJIHvWqhrAn0CHLhAhfUiONalU2-lOoziP8JglbYiB0VG6gyKiDPFwaBnzkFBP142hOt8zP84gMoX_NZYwIkBTMkw/s628/HCE.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="617" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP8ZPN1JkWzEZYzU3kFDOlhbzkLsz2bPoZcnLnKhomuJeQyNs5kENU2GPCahAkHsuLpOHIlNwRLo6JdjyTVcNlXz13OqM7aeM3xLJIHvWqhrAn0CHLhAhfUiONalU2-lOoziP8JglbYiB0VG6gyKiDPFwaBnzkFBP142hOt8zP84gMoX_NZYwIkBTMkw/s320/HCE.png" width="314" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo from Jonathan Brooker<br /><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><div>Kiefer is most interested in this core Wake family grouping - HCE, ALP, Shem, Shaun and Issy. Apart from the 29 February girls and the two washerwomen, I didn't find Joyce's larger cast of characters - the <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2014/02/mamalujo-1924.html">four old men (Mamalujo)</a>, the <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2019/03/twelve-is-public-number.html">twelve drinkers/jurymen/critics who represent public opinion,</a> and the two old servants, Kate and Joe.</div></div><div><div><br /></div><div>Kiefer has made a great selection of quotations, illustrating Joyce's diverse styles in writing <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. The whole show is a perfect introduction to the book. I wonder how many of the visitors will go away and start reading it.</div><div><br /></div><div><div><div>I assumed that all the texts were quotations from Joyce, but <a href="https://twitter.com/frederickjhayn1/status/1696700171810210074/photo/4">Frederick J Haynes, on Twitter, </a>shared this photograph of a vitrine I missed:</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6MktSNKszTOYLI1hYdvye1r5eBUxHsMas2y6Oj31x2b-1eSGjRsCZC6F6I_-fY2Oj5Ln2y99jehPqA533xym5gL_LQqLd1Z6A6A1Je5n2lB5DFGjYJJIACdlwf0xaMUlaENwd74YjoVf0Ek1l5bhKkvH3yt21443TWHQUn7TqB4lYL0cQtIZBwhgBOA/s1065/sin.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="776" data-original-width="1065" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6MktSNKszTOYLI1hYdvye1r5eBUxHsMas2y6Oj31x2b-1eSGjRsCZC6F6I_-fY2Oj5Ln2y99jehPqA533xym5gL_LQqLd1Z6A6A1Je5n2lB5DFGjYJJIACdlwf0xaMUlaENwd74YjoVf0Ek1l5bhKkvH3yt21443TWHQUn7TqB4lYL0cQtIZBwhgBOA/w400-h291/sin.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo by Frederick J Haynes</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>The small lead tunic hovering over a candle, like a hot air balloon, is an image also used above 'Immi Ammi Semmi' above. Is this an image of God? Beneath two German WW2 soldiers run towards each other with a ruin behind them. </div><div><br /></div><div>The text here is not from Joyce, but it describes a controversial theory put forward by J.S.Atherton, in <i>The Books at the Wake</i>, based on the book's stuttering thunderclaps:</div><div><br /></div><b>'It it must be remembered that stuttering, according to the modern psychologists, is a neurotic symptom caused by a consciousness of guilt.</b><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: white; font-size: 12px;">.</span><span face=""Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: white; font-size: 12px;"> </span><b>Joyce is suggesting that the original masterbuilder is God and that He stutters when His voice is heard in the thunder — thus proving that He is conscious of having committed a sin!</b></div><div><b> This attribution of Original Sin to God is one of the basic axioms of Finnegans Wake. '</b></div></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><i>The Books at the Wake</i>, 1960, p</div><div><br /></div><div>Here Rod Mengham interviews Kiefer in the river room.</div><div><div><div><br /></div>
<iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/R9mfMlIw7q4" width="480"></iframe></div></div></div><div><br /></div><div>Thanks to Robert Worby, Dorothy Max Prior, Frederick J Haynes and Jonathan Brooker for sharing their photos.</div><div><br /></div></div></div></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-91072902226076554482023-05-17T09:44:00.061+01:002023-12-20T12:20:04.549+00:00Queer Mrs Quickenough and Odd Miss Dodpebble<p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjoojOkRX8YixdnDORa7BpHRE4qCV7AoF8BhdvSLrDWbk2rVeN247vL53vGiYzt75OEQuzgMzFLmojViVr5QYgCwRozGSI7RgeLVQdrgeWCSNIjhXCN_5DAjbGP_Sp_wU8bfshCWGU6n9ZRKs9r5eGOY1SphTZyjMhaGTqdbWQP2jCGHLtMj2Pon-0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="601" data-original-width="498" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjoojOkRX8YixdnDORa7BpHRE4qCV7AoF8BhdvSLrDWbk2rVeN247vL53vGiYzt75OEQuzgMzFLmojViVr5QYgCwRozGSI7RgeLVQdrgeWCSNIjhXCN_5DAjbGP_Sp_wU8bfshCWGU6n9ZRKs9r5eGOY1SphTZyjMhaGTqdbWQP2jCGHLtMj2Pon-0=w332-h400" width="332" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Renoir's washerwomen, c1888</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>Joyce wrote to Harriet Shaw Weaver that the Anna Livia episode was "a chattering dialogue across the river by two washerwomen who as night falls become a tree and a stone." The idea, he told Arthur Power, "came to him on a trip to Chartres, where he saw women washing clothes on both banks of the Eure."<b> </b>And he said to Max Eastman "that two people, or a rock and a tree, or the principles of inorganic and organic nature, are talking to each other across a river."<div><br />Unlike other dialogues in the book, like Mutt and Jute on page 16 or Butt and Taff on page 338, the episode is not set out as dialogue. The words of the washerwomen are not distinguished from each other on the page.</div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEge71qNh2mTGPRWhQElne3pbwrcWefraypS5HBjQhqsQkgEMmFLtx0YBOH0QN02RdKWMEQ0B8nCh99YZEkIqy4_s5w1tcH6_DKp8szYBJ0TTyX57SHH0Hbli5bO9IsaIbG0BTDwduYEq68fdXrTpsiZjCfTJDuqRdcDWDhdbjyBuvT7E3aCxb8AcW0" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="445" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEge71qNh2mTGPRWhQElne3pbwrcWefraypS5HBjQhqsQkgEMmFLtx0YBOH0QN02RdKWMEQ0B8nCh99YZEkIqy4_s5w1tcH6_DKp8szYBJ0TTyX57SHH0Hbli5bO9IsaIbG0BTDwduYEq68fdXrTpsiZjCfTJDuqRdcDWDhdbjyBuvT7E3aCxb8AcW0=w342-h400" width="342" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Crosby Gage edition, 1928</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Joyce told an old school friend, Sarsfield Kerrigan, that the episode was "an attempt to subordinate words to the rhythm of water.'' He said to another friend, Constantine Curran that, "when he had finished the Anna Livia episode his heart was filled with misgivings. He went down that evening to the Seine and listened near one of its bridges to its waters...He came back, he said, content." </div><div><br /></div><div>He also told his Czech translator, Adolf Hoffmeister, that the book was "not written in English or French or Czech or Irish. Anna Livia does not speak any of these languages, she speaks the speech of a river. It is the river Liffey. That is a woman, it is Anna Liffey. She is not quite a river, nor wholly a woman. She could be a goddess or a washerwoman, she is abstract."</div><div><br /></div><div>So he wanted the episode to look and sound like a river, whose flow would be broken up if the words were set as dialogue. </div><div><br /></div><div>Joyce wrote to Curran that ''The piece should be read half aloud, without a break and rather rapidly." That's how <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2013/09/joyce-reading-finnegans-wake.html">Joyce reads the ending in his own recording</a>, without distinguishing between the two voices.</div><div><br /></div><div>The challenge for the reader is to decide who is saying what. </div><div><br /></div><div>The two washerwomen have very different personalities and voices and, until the end, it's usually clear which one is speaking. The first speaker has a young voice. She is enthusiastic, energetic and excitable, urging the story on:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Describe her! Hustle along, why can't you? Spitz on the iern while it's hot. I wouldn't miss her for irthing on nerthe. Not for the lucre of lomba strait! Oceans of Gaud, I mosel hear that! Ogowe presta!'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>The second speaker, who is providing the gossip, is old, bitter and often complains about her physical ailments and the disgusting work she has to do as a washerwoman.</div><div><br /></div><b>'Amn’t I up since the damp dawn, marthared mary allacook, with Corrigan’s pulse and varicoarse veins, my pramaxle smashed, Alice Jane in decline and my oneeyed mongrel twice run over, soaking and bleaching boiler rags, and sweating cold, a widow like me...'</b> <div><br /></div><div>The two washerwomen make one other appearance, as banshees at the end of the fable of the Mookse and the Gripes, on pages 158-9. They gather up the Mookse and Gripes, who have been transformed into washing, leaving 'now only an elm tree and but a stone' (159.05).</div><div><br /></div><div>In Irish myth, banshees often appear as washerwomen, washing bloody clothes at night at the ford of a river, as an omen of death. </div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghAkzrI3FGwwH0RkcShdUphBGnLlb-JmAxZdeGQgSKy8uJSCuNn2Zqyt2NAuLmsEpYlfPYAyB5_n_FbSHO0BK8--_t9niCu_eBpkfyOirlVmuOJWElu_D7SDCNrWlf04mMYbFUT8qm7aCjv2WsXgENNj-7QWa_9ROJuDs7pC3Whtcs91FxWus98uY" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="781" data-original-width="1581" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghAkzrI3FGwwH0RkcShdUphBGnLlb-JmAxZdeGQgSKy8uJSCuNn2Zqyt2NAuLmsEpYlfPYAyB5_n_FbSHO0BK8--_t9niCu_eBpkfyOirlVmuOJWElu_D7SDCNrWlf04mMYbFUT8qm7aCjv2WsXgENNj-7QWa_9ROJuDs7pC3Whtcs91FxWus98uY=w640-h316" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.mbaq.fr/en/our-collections/works-inspired-by-brittany/yan-dargent-the-washerwomen-of-the-night-315.html">Yan'Dargent, Les Lavandières de la nuit, c1861</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>We later learn, in Anna Livia's final monologue, that the washerwomen have names:</div><div><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: AGaramondPro; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div><b>'Maybe it’s those two old crony aunts held them out to the water front. Queer Mrs Quickenough and odd Miss Doddpebble. And when them two has had a good few there isn’t much more dirty clothes to publish.' </b>620.18<div><br /></div><div><b>Mrs</b> Quickenough must be the older washerwoman, who calls herself a widow, so she is the one who turns into a tree at the end of the episode. Miss Dodpebble turns into the stone. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>'As Tree is Quick and Stone is White So Is My Washing Done at Night' </b>(106.36) is one of the titles of Anna Livia's letter.</div><div><br /></div><div>The tree stands for time and organic nature, the stone for space and inorganic nature. Mrs Quickenough also stands for the left bank of the river, since she is linked with the artist, Shem, while Miss Dodpebble, associated with Shaun ('all's right with every feature' 187.25), is the right bank. </div><div><br /></div><b>'Reeve Gootch was right and Reeve Drughad was sinistrous!' 197.01</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYmlqBd-MlsN1lMlrPyxkWQ_qU8LVYKHIPMd1SK_Ckj-oIsCQmga2lB0F3_ID7Cq49-CFJxZ7FcowB8eV89OGrCXqhYtxzjdWBV0klLamd0bGbngLdSvebbzbHWcBvsr1Bus7IOx6vCOESSDnK6eU9BLeTDxPEthwKTnDmexhEuEnRWxKO1WOiqL4/s3034/IMG_4462.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3034" data-original-width="2264" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYmlqBd-MlsN1lMlrPyxkWQ_qU8LVYKHIPMd1SK_Ckj-oIsCQmga2lB0F3_ID7Cq49-CFJxZ7FcowB8eV89OGrCXqhYtxzjdWBV0klLamd0bGbngLdSvebbzbHWcBvsr1Bus7IOx6vCOESSDnK6eU9BLeTDxPEthwKTnDmexhEuEnRWxKO1WOiqL4/w299-h400/IMG_4462.jpeg" width="299" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From Ireland Magazine June 1982</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div></b></div><div>As banks of the river, the women also move alongside its course. At the beginning they're at its source, in the Wicklow Mountains, where the Liffey is only a stream, and they are so close to each other that they can bang their heads together (<b>'And don't butt me –hike!–when you bend.'</b> 196.09)</div><div><br /></div><div>Here's a film of the source, from Solid Ether.</div><div><br /></div><div>
<iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/usAi3vgr9Iw" width="480"></iframe></div><div><div><br /></div><div>By the end the river has grown so wide that the women can no longer hear each other speaking over the bawk of bats and the noise of the 'chittering waters'. See Joyce's notes on <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2013/09/joyce-reading-finnegans-wake.html">the ending given to C.K.Ogden</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div>If Joyce had made a schema for the episode, it might look like this.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha9Nl1INwRKTyhcP2NXdZqJSBbmXO3G6XRIpoiP-prp9SdNt5OZ8rxE5uR2GW7RfVGK0nFAJ0E4X_YW3PsMgriNhdqWxBjf-OWiKmxUUT3VieL50N0kYcUIaBR0-eOd-pBPT8ptM5Kiy2UBwv_5XK3pigvpTjq7cou4kp-QFPFHyNBmqqFSp5zbTg/s3172/IMG_4458.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="722" data-original-width="3172" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha9Nl1INwRKTyhcP2NXdZqJSBbmXO3G6XRIpoiP-prp9SdNt5OZ8rxE5uR2GW7RfVGK0nFAJ0E4X_YW3PsMgriNhdqWxBjf-OWiKmxUUT3VieL50N0kYcUIaBR0-eOd-pBPT8ptM5Kiy2UBwv_5XK3pigvpTjq7cou4kp-QFPFHyNBmqqFSp5zbTg/w640-h146/IMG_4458.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Until the end, we can usually tell who is speaking, though a few passages are obscure. I have no idea what's going on here:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Wish a wish! Why a why? Mavro! Letty Lerck's lafing light throw those laurals now on her daphdaph teasesong petrock. Maass! But the majik wavus has elfun anon meshes.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>The final pages are the hardest to divide. One clue is given by references to time and space:</div><div><br /></div><b>'The spot I'll seek if the hour you'll find. My chart shines high where the blue milk's upset. Forgivemequick, I'm going! Bubye! And you, pluck your watch, forgetmenot.'</b><div><br /></div><div>This must spoken by Miss Dodpebble, who represents space. She has a chart while Mrs Quickenough, who is time, has a watch. Joyce wrote a note on this passage:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'The stone is a sign of space, and the tree, which has growth, of time. The same idea is at the back of what comes after.....The 'Milky Way'. Stars in the sky give the idea of space.'</b>:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Look, look, the dusk is growing. My branches lofty are taking root. And my cold cher's gone ashley. Fieluhr? Filou! What age is at? It saon is late.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Here Mrs Quickenough has to say 'My branches lofty are taking root' and Mrs Dodpebble must say 'And my cold cher's gone ashley', but the other lines could be spoken by either of them.</div><div><br /></div></div><div><div>Here's what I've come up with so far, with the tree’s words in green.</div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">ANNA LIVIA PLURABELLE SET OUT AS DIALOGUE</h4><div><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />O tell me all about Anna Livia! I want to hear all about Anna Livia. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Well, you know Anna Livia? </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Yes, of course, we all know Anna Livia. Tell me all. Tell me now. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />You'll die when you hear. Well, you know, when the old cheb went futt and did what you know. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Yes, I know, go on. Wash away and quit dabbling. Tuck up your sleeves and loosen your talktapes. And don't butt me — hike! — when you bend. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Or whatever it was they threed to make out he thried to two in the Fiendish Park. He's an awful old reppe. Look at the shirt of him! Look at the dirt of it! He has all my water black on me. And it steeping and stuping since this time last wik. How many goes is it I wonder I washed it? I know by heart the places he likes to saale, duddurty devil! Scorching my hand and starving my famine to make his private linen public. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Wallop it well with your battle and clean it. <div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinqTYIkX5xGtxeUaxw1j_2dy8H8V9uljtK-eseT8cQqCl5EgHeNDk3bv5MBQkcfu4MG5500rBuoEmPYlW6LmGRiT1eUeOxgq3xqrHxqupiHKNfHLsfj2z-NC7b3HShPmwrXq4t5WLVSV91SOdJRtxBfahDLlZZMNzYt1keoo481yqXeQVO59o1QXw/s1374/IMG_4450.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1124" data-original-width="1374" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinqTYIkX5xGtxeUaxw1j_2dy8H8V9uljtK-eseT8cQqCl5EgHeNDk3bv5MBQkcfu4MG5500rBuoEmPYlW6LmGRiT1eUeOxgq3xqrHxqupiHKNfHLsfj2z-NC7b3HShPmwrXq4t5WLVSV91SOdJRtxBfahDLlZZMNzYt1keoo481yqXeQVO59o1QXw/s320/IMG_4450.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Washerwomen with washing bats (battledores), by Jean-Francois Millet</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />My wrists are rwusty rubbing the mouldaw stains. And the dneepers of wet and the gangres of sin in it! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />What was it he did a tail at all on Animal Sendai? And how long was he under loch and neagh? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />It was put in the newses what he did, nicies and priers, the King fierceas Humphrey, with illysus distilling, exploits and all. But toms will till. I know he well. Temp untamed will hist for no man. As you spring so shall you neap. O, the roughty old rappe! Minxing marrage and making loof. Reeve Gootch was right and Reeve Drughad was sinistrous. And the cut of him! And the strut of him! How he used to hold his head as high as a howeth, the famous eld duke alien, with a hump of grandeur on him like a walking wiesel rat! And his derry's own drawl and his corksown blather and his doubling stutter and his gullaway swank. Ask Lictor Hackett or Lector Reade or Garda Growley or the Boy with the Billyclub. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />How elster is he a called at all? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Qu'appelle? Huges Caput Earlyfouler. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Or where was he born or how was he found? Urgothland, Tvistown on the Kattekat? New Hunshire, Concord on the Merrimake? Who blocksmitt her saft anvil or yelled lep to her pail? Was her banns never loosened in Adam and Eve's or were him and her but captain spliced? For mine etherduck I thee drake. And by my wildgaze I thee gander. Flowey and Mount on the brink of time makes wishes and fears for a happy isthmass. She can show all her lines, with love, licence to play. And if they don't remarry that hook and eye may. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />O, passmore that and oxus another! Don Dom Dombdomb and his wee follyo! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Was his help inshored in the Stork and Pelican against bungelars, flu and third risk parties? I heard he dug good tin with his doll, delvan first and duvlin after, when he raped her home, Sabrine asthore, in a perokeet's cage, by dredgerous lands and devious delts, playing catched and mythed with the gleam of her shadda (if a flic had been there to pop up and pepper him!), past auld min's manse and Maisons Allfou and the rest of incurables and the last of immurables, the quaggy waag for stumbling.<br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Who sold you that jackalantern's tale? </span><span style="color: #38761d;">Pemmican's pasty pie! </span><span style="color: #38761d;">Not a grasshoop to ring her, not an antsgrain of ore. In a gabbard he barqued it, the boat of life, from the harbourless Ivernikan Okean, till he spied the loom of his landfall and he loosed two croakers from under his tilt, the gran Phenician rover. By the smell of her kelp they made the pigeonhouse. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Like fun they did! But where was Himself, the timoneer? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />That marchantman he suivied their scutties right over the wash, his cameleer's burnous breezing up on him, till with his runagate bowmpriss he roade and borst her bar. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Pilcomayo! Suchcaughtawan! And the whale's away with the grayling! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Tune your pipes and fall ahumming, you born ijypt, and you're nothing short of one! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Well, ptellomy soon and curb your escumo. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />When they saw him shoot swift up her sheba sheath, like any gay lord salomon, her bulls they were ruhring, surfed with spree. Boyarka buah! Boyana bueh! He erned his lille Bunbath hard, our staly brede, the trader. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />He did. Look at here. In this wet of his prow. Didn't you know he was kalled a bairn of the brine, Wasserbourne the waterbaby? <br /><span style="color: #38761d;"><br />Mrs Quickenough:<br />Havemmarea, so he was. H.C.E. has a codfisck ee. Shur, she's nearly as badher as him hersel</span>f. <br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Who? Anna Livia? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Ay, Anna Livia! Do you know she was calling bakvandets sals from all around, nyumba noo, chamba choo, to go in till him, her erring cheef, and tickle the pontiff aisy-oisy? </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />She was? Gota pot! Yssel that the limmat! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />As El Negro winced when he wonced in La Plate. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />O, tell me all I want to hear, how loft she was lift a laddery dextro! <br /><span style="color: #38761d;"><br />Mrs Quickenough:<br />A coneywink after the bunting fell. Letting on she didn't care, sina feza, me absantee, him man in passession, the proxenete! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Proxenete and phwhat is phthat? Emme for your reussischer's Honddu jarkon! Tell us in franca langua. And call a spate a spate.<br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Did they never sharee you ebro at skol, you antiabecedarian? It's just the same as if I was to go par examplum now in conservancy's cause out of telekinesis and proxenete you. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />For Coxyt sake and is that what she is? Botlettle I thought she'd act that loa.<br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Didn't you spot her in her windaug, wubbling up on an osiery chair, with a meusic before her all cunniform letters, pretending to ribble a reedy derg on a fiddle she bogans without a band on? Sure she can't fiddan a dee, with bow or abandon! Srue, she can't! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Tista suck. Well, I never now heard the like of that! Tell me moher. Tell me moatst.<div><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Well, old Humber was as glommen as grampus, with the tares at his thor and the buboes for ages and neither bowman nor shot abroad and bales allbrant on the crests of rockies and nera lamp in kitchen or church and giant's holes in Grafton's causeway and deathcap mushrooms round Funglus' grave and the great tribune's barrow all darnels ocummule, sittang sambre on his sett, drammen and drommen, usking queasy quizzers of his ruful continence, his childlinen scarf to encourage his obsequies, where he'd check their debths in that mormon's thames, be questing and handsel, hop, step and a deepend, with his berths in their toiling moil, his swallower open from swolf to fore and the snipes of the gutter pecking his crocs, hungerstriking all alone and holding doomsdag over hunselv, dreeing his weird with his dander up and his fringe combed over his eygs and droming on loft till the sight of the sternes after zwarthy kowse and weedy broeks and the tits of buddy and the loits of pest and to peer was Parish worth thette mess. You'd think all was dodo belonging to him, how he durmed adranse in durance vaal. He had been belching for severn years. And there she was, Anna Livia, she darent catch a winkle of sleep, purling around like a chit of a child, Wendawanda, a fingerthick, in a Lapsummer skirt and damazon cheeks for to ishim bonzour to her dear dubber Dan. With neuphraties and sault from his maggias. And an odd time she'd cook him up blooms of fisk and lay to his heartsfoot her meddery eygs, yayis, and staynish beacons on toasc and a cupenhave so weeshwaashy of greenland's tay or a dzoupgan of mokau kaffue au sable or Sinkiang sukry or his ale of ferns in trueartpewter and a shinkobread (hamjambo, bana?) for to plaise that man hog stay his stomicker till her pyrraknees shrunk to nutmeg graters while her togglejoints shuck with goyt, and as rash as she'd russ with her peakload of vivers up on her sieve (metauwero rage it swales and rieses!) my hardey Hek he'd kast them frome him with a stour of scorn as much as to say you sow and you sozh, and if he didn't peg the platteau on her tawe, believe you me, she was safe enough. And then she'd esk to vistule a hymn, <i>The Heart Bowed Down</i> or <i>The Rakes of Mallow</i> or Chelli Michele's <i>La Calumnia è un Vermicelli</i> or a balfy bit or <i>Old Jo Robidson</i>. Sucho fuffing a fifeing 'twould cut you in two! She'd bate the hen that crowed on the turrace of Babbel. What harm if she knew how to cockle her mouth! And not a mag out of Hum no more than out of the mangle weight. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Is that a faith? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />That's the fact. Then riding the ricka and roya romanche, Annona, gebroren aroostokrat Nivia, dochther of Sense and Art, with Sparks' pirryphlickathims funkling her fan anner frostivying tresses dasht with virevlies — while the prom beauties sreeked nith their bearers' skins! — in a period gown of changeable jade that would robe the wood of two cardinals' chairs and crush poor Cullen and smother MacCabe. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />O blazerskate! Theirs porpor patches! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:</span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;">And brahming to him down the feedchute, with her femtyfyx kinds of fondling endings, the poother rambling off her nose: <i>Vuggybarney, Wickerymandy! Hello, ducky, please don't die!</i> Do you know what she started cheeping after, with a choicey voicey like waterglucks or Madame Delba to Romeoreszk? You'll never guess. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Tell me. Tell me. </div><div><span><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:</span><br /><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: #38761d;"><i>Phoebe, dearest, tell, O tell me </i>and<i> I loved you better nor you knew.</i></span> </span><span style="color: #38761d;">And letting on hoon var daft about the old warbly sangs from over holmen, <i>High hellskirt saw ladies hensmoker lilyhung pigger</i>, and soay and soan and so firth and so forth in a tone sonora, and Oom Bothar below like Bheri-Bheri in his sandy cloak, so umvolosy, as deaf as a yawn, the stult! </span></span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Go away! Poor deef old deery! Yare only teesing! Anna Liv? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />As Chalk is my judge! And didn't she up in sorgue and go and trot doon and stand in her douro, puffing her old dudheen, and every shirvant siligiril or wensum farmerette walking the pilend roads, Sowy, Fundally, Daery or Maery, Milucre, Awny or Graw, usedn't she make her a simp or a sign to slip inside by the sullyport?</span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />You don't say the sillypost? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Bedouix but I do! Calling them in one by one (To Blockbeddum here! Here the Shoebenacaddie!) and legging a jig or so on the sihl to show them how to shake their benders and the dainty how to bring to mind the gladdest garments out of sight and all the way of a maid with a man and making a sort of a cackling noise like two and a penny or half a crown and holding up a silliver shiner. </span></div><div><br /></div><div>Miss Dodpebble:</div><div>Lordy, lordy, did she so? Well, of all the ones ever I heard! Throwing all the neiss little whores in the world at him!</div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:</span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;">To inny captured wench you wish of no matter what sex of pleissful ways two adda tammar a lizzy a lossie to hug and hab haven in Humpy's apron!<br /></span><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />And what was the wyerye rima she made? Odet! Odet! Tell me the trent of it while I'm lathering hail out of Denis Florence MacCarthy's combies. Rise it, flut ye, pian piena! I'm dying down off my iodine feet until I lerryn Anna Livia's cushingloo, that was writ by one and rede by two and trouved by a poule in the parco! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />I can see that. I see you are. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />How does it tummel? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough<br />Listen now. Are you listening? </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpobble:<br />Yes, yes! Indeed I am!<br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Tarn your ore ouse. Essonne inne. <br /><i> By earth and the cloudy but I badly want a brandnew bankside, bedamp and I do, and a plumper at that! <br /> For the putty affair I have is wore out, so it is, sitting, yaping and waiting for my old Dane hodder dodderer, my life in death companion, my frugal key of our larder, my much altered camel's hump, my jointspoiler, my maymoon's honey, my fool to the last Decemberer, to wake himself out of his winter's doze and bore me down like he used to. <br /> Is there irwell a lord of the manor or a knight of the shire at strike, I wonder, that'd dip me a dace or two in cash for washing and darning his worshipful socks for him now we're run out of horsebrose and milk? <br /> Only for my short Brittas bed I made's as snug as it smells it's out I'd lep and off with me to the slobs della Tolka or the plage au Clontarf to feale the gay aire of my salt troublin bay and the race of the saywint up me ambushure.</i></span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Onon! Onon! Tel me more. Andelle me every tiny teign. I want to know every single ingul. Down to what made the potters fly into jagsthole. And why were the vesles vet. That homa fever's winning me wome. If a mahun of the horse but hard me! We'd be bundukiboi meet askarigal. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Well, now comes the hazelhatchery part. After Clondalkin the Kings's Inns. We'll soon be there with the freshet. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />How many aleveens had she in toll? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />I can't rightly rede you that. Close only knows. Some say she had three figures to fill and confined herself to a hundred eleven, wan by wan by wan, making meanacuminamoyas.</span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble <br />Olaph lamm et, all that pack? We won't have room in the kirkeyaard. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough<br />She can't remember half of the cradlenames she smacked on them by the grace of her boxing bishop's infallible slipper, the cane for Kund and abbles for Eyolf and ayther nayther for Yakov Yea. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />A hundred and how? They did well to rechristien her Pluhurabelle. O loreley! What a loddon lodes! Heigho! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />But it's quite on the cards she'll shed more and merrier, twills and trills, sparefours and spoilfives, nordsihks and sudsevers and ayes and neins to a litter. Grandfarthing nap and Messamisery and the knave of all knaves and the joker. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpobble:<br />Heehaw! She must have been a gadabout in her day, so she must, more than most.<br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Shoal she was, gidgad! She had a flewmen of her owen. Then a toss nare scared that lass, so aimai moe, that's agapo! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Tell me, tell me, how cam she camlin through all her fellows, the neckar she was, the diveline? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Casting her perils before our swains, from Fonte-in-Monte to Tidingtown and from Tidingtown tilhavet. Linking one and knocking the next, tapting a flank and tipting a jutty and palling in and pietaring out and clyding by on her eastway. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpobble<br />Waiwhou was the first thurever burst? Someone he was, whuebra they were, in a tactic attack or in single combat. Tinker, tilar, souldrer, salor, Pieman Peace or Polistaman. That's the thing I'm elwys on edge to esk. <span style="caret-color: rgb(56, 118, 29);">Push var and push vardar and come to uphill headquarters! </span>Was it waterlows year, after Grattan or Flood, or when maids were in Arc or when three stood hosting?<br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough <br /></span><span style="color: #38761d;">Fidaris will find where the Doubt arises like Niemen from Nirgends found the Nihil. </span><span style="color: #38761d;">Worry you sighin foh, Albern, O Anser?</span><br /><br />Miss Dodpobble:<br /><span>Untie the gemman's fistiknots, Qvic and Nuancee! </span><br /><br /><span style="caret-color: rgb(56, 118, 29); color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough</span><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">She can't put her hand on him for the moment. Tez thelon langlo, walking weary! Such a loon werrabackwoods to row! </span><span style="color: #38761d;">She sid herself she hardly knows whuon the annals her graveller was, a dynast of Leinster, a wolf of the sea, or what he did or how blyth she played or how, when, why, where and who offon he jumpnad her and how it was gave her away. She was just a young thin pale soft shy slim slip of a thing then, sauntering by silvamoonlake, and he was a heavy trudging lurching lieabroad of a Curraghman, making his hay for whose sun to shine on, as tough as the oaktrees (peats be with them!) used to rustle that time down by the dykes of killing Kildare, for forstfellfoss with a plash across her. She thought she'd sankh neathe the ground with nymphant shame when he gave her the tigris eye! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />O happy fault! Me wish it was he! <br /><span style="color: #38761d;"><br />Mrs Quickenough:<br />You're wrong there, corribly wrong! 'Tisn't only tonight you're anacheronistic! It was ages behind that when nullahs were nowhere, in county Wickenlow, garden of Erin, before she ever dreamt she'd lave Kilbride and go foaming under Horsepass bridge, with the great southerwestern windstorming her traces and the midland's grainwaster asarch for her track, to wend her ways byandby, robecca or worse, to spin and to grind, to swab and to thrash, for all her golden lifey in the barleyfields and pennylotts of Humphrey's fordofhurdlestown and lie with a landleaper, wellingtonorseher.</span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinT5IgJt6NuxW-bx_GD44L3_OEICyftT0BslopmL0iv9aHRJ9FwUSYlQZlrHPvsSJa6mjYHDnfHwE0kja0KeqDAJbIhxDnUnhU1QbUwiIQYU4a0GU4vFGP0sFSYLbYaOOo0ADpiKLk9eub_zOcvtBiIrBLV7bIYi8jcvCIy2DRAcjXjLdUktEyuO0/s2877/IMG_4463.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2877" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinT5IgJt6NuxW-bx_GD44L3_OEICyftT0BslopmL0iv9aHRJ9FwUSYlQZlrHPvsSJa6mjYHDnfHwE0kja0KeqDAJbIhxDnUnhU1QbUwiIQYU4a0GU4vFGP0sFSYLbYaOOo0ADpiKLk9eub_zOcvtBiIrBLV7bIYi8jcvCIy2DRAcjXjLdUktEyuO0/s320/IMG_4463.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo by Mike Bunn</span></td></tr></tbody></table></span><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Alesse, the lagos of girly days! For the dove of the dunas! Wasut? Izod? Are you sarthe an suir? Not where the Finn fits into the Mourne, not where the Nore takes lieve of Bloem, not where the Braye divarts the Farer, not where the Moy changez her minds twixt Cullin and Conn and tween Cunn and Collin? Or where Neptune sculled and Tritonville rowed and leandros three bumped heroines two?<br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Neya, narev, nen, nonni, nos! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Then whereabouts in Ow and Ovoca? Was it ystwith wyst or Lucan Yokan or where the hand of man has never set foot? Dell me where, the fairy ferse time! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />I will if you listen. You know the dinkel dale of Luggelaw? Well, there once dwelt a local heremite, Michael Arklow was his riverend name (with many a sigh I aspersed his lavabibs!), and one venersderg in junojuly, oso sweet and so cool and so limber she looked, Nance the Nixie, Nanon L'Escaut, in the silence, of the sycomores, all listening, the kindling curves you simply can't stop feeling, he plunged both of his newly anointed hands to the core of his cushlas in her singimari saffron strumans of hair, parting them and soothing her and mingling it, that was deepdark and ample like this red bog at sundown. By that Vale Vowclose's lucydlac, the reignbeau's heavenarches arronged orranged her. Afrothdizzying galbs, her enamelled eyes indergoading him on to the vierge violetian. </span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span></div><div>Miss Dodpebble:</div><div>Wish a wish! <br /><br /><span style="caret-color: rgb(56, 118, 29); color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:</span><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Why a why? </span></div><div><br /></div><div>Miss Dodpebble:</div><div>Mavro! </div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:</span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;">Letty Lerck's lafing light throw those laurals now on her daphdaph teasesong petrock. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Maass! </div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:</span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;">But the majik wavus has elfun anon meshes. And Simba the Slayer of his Oga is slewd. He cuddle not help himself, thurso that hot on him, he had to forget the monk in the man, so, rubbing her up and smoothing her down, he baised his lippes in smiling mood, kiss akiss after kisokushk (as he warned her niver to, niver to, nevar), on Anna-na-Poghue's freckled forehead. While you'd parse secheressa she hielt her souff. But she ruz two feet hire in her aisne aestumation. And steppes on stilts ever since. That was kissuahealing with bantur for balm!</span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />O, wasn't he the bold priest? And wasn't she the naughty Livvy?<br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Nautic Naama's now her navn. Two lads in scoutsch breeches went through her before that, Barefoot Byrne and Wallowme Wade, Lugnaquillia's noblesse pickts, before she had a hint of a hair at her fanny to hide or a bossom to tempt a birch canoedler, not to mention a bulgic porterhorse barge. And ere that again, leada, laida, all unraidy, too faint to buoy the fairiest rider, too frail to flirt with a cygnet's plume, she was licked by a hound, Chirripa-Churruta, while poing her pee, pure and simple, on the spur of the hill in old Kippure, in birdsong and shearingtime, but first of all, worst of all, the wiggly livvly, she sideslipped out by a gap in the Devil's Glen while Sally her nurse was sound asleep in a sloot and, feefee fiefie, fell over a spillway before she found her stride and lay and wriggled in all the stagnant black pools of rainy under a fallow coo and she laughed innocefree with her limbs aloft and a whole drove of maiden hawthorns blushing and looking askance upon her.</span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Drop me the sound of the findhorn's name. Mtu or mti, sombogger was wisness. And drip me why in the flenders was she frickled. And trickle me through was she marcellewaved or was it weirdly a wig she wore. And whitside did they droop their glows in their florry, aback to wist or affront to sea? In fear to hear the dear so near or longing loth and loathing longing? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Are you in the swim or are you out?</span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />O go in, go on, go an! I mean about what you know. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quicknenough:<br />I know right well what you mean. Rother! You'd like the coifs and guimpes, snouty, and me to do the greasy jub on old Veronica's wipers. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble<br />What am I rancing now and I'll thank you? Is it a pinny or is it a surplice? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Arran, where's your nose? And where's the starch? That's not the vesdre benediction smell. I can tell from here by their eau de Colo and the scent of her oder they're Mrs Magrath's. And you ought to have aird them. They've moist come off her. Creases in silk they are, not crampton lawn. Baptiste me, father, for she has sinned! Through her catchment ring she freed them easy, with her hips' hurrahs for her knees' dontelleries. The only parr with frills in old the plain. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />So they are, I declare! Welland well! If tomorrow keeps fine who'll come tripping to sightsee? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />How'll? Axe me next what I haven't got! The Belvedarean exhibitioners. In their cruisery caps and oarsclub colours. What hoo, they band! And what hoa, they buck! And there's her nubilee letters too. Ellis on quay in scarlet thread. Linked for the world on a flushcaloured field. Annan exe after to show they're not Laura Keown's. <br /></span><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />O, may the diabolo twisk your seifety pin! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />You child of Mammon, Kinsella's Lilith! Now, who has been tearing the leg of her drawars on her? </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Which leg is it? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />The one with the bells on it. Rinse them out and aston along with you! Where did I stop? </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Never stop. Continuarration! You're not there yet. I amstel waiting. Garonne, garonne!</div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj1SP1Iq348Vcg8yG8rB-QtOV6NVJJ5Y9XtgzIrC8zvHONVV8_4U_wQKvd-27c1AokWjOUFJFxkFZ5__3sYMaZBz1w751Qs3mW7WiGMtraFVb07aaLAmZHh8JtNugqS-TIStgN68PCKMI7po0vTZSogPwgt0zbevR_HIUXLlAjaqGYsVl72gF-GcOQ" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="843" data-original-width="1181" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj1SP1Iq348Vcg8yG8rB-QtOV6NVJJ5Y9XtgzIrC8zvHONVV8_4U_wQKvd-27c1AokWjOUFJFxkFZ5__3sYMaZBz1w751Qs3mW7WiGMtraFVb07aaLAmZHh8JtNugqS-TIStgN68PCKMI7po0vTZSogPwgt0zbevR_HIUXLlAjaqGYsVl72gF-GcOQ=w400-h285" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; text-align: start;"><span face="arial, sans-serif" style="color: #202124; font-size: x-small;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);">Eugene Louis Boudin, Washerwomen by a river, c1885</span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Well, after it was put in the Mericy Cordial Mendicants' Sitterdag-Zindeh-Munaday Wakeschrift (for once they sullied their white kid gloves, chewing cuds of their dinner of cheekin and beggin, with their show us it here and their mind out of that and their when you're quite finished with the reading matarial) even the snee that snowdon his hoaring hair had a skunner against him. Thaw, thaw, sava, savuto! Score Her Chuff Exsquire! Everywhere erriff you went and every bung you arver dropped into in cit or suburb or in addled areas, the Rose and Bottle or Phoenix Tavern or Power's Inn or Jude's Hotel, or wherever you scoured the countryside from Nannywater to Vartryville or from Porta Lateen to the lootin quarter you found his ikom etsched tipside down or the cornerboys cammocking his guy and Morris the Man, with the role of a royss in his turgos the turrible (Evropeahahn cheic house, unskimmed sooit and yahoort, hamman now cheekmee, Ahdahm this way make, Fatima, half turn!), reeling and railing around the local as the peihos piped and ubanjees twanged, with oddfellow's triple tiara busby rotundarinking round his scalp. Like Pate-by-the-Neva or Pete-over-Meer. This is the Hausman all paven and stoned, that cribbed the Cabin that never was owned, that cocked his leg and hennad his Egg. And the mauldrin rabble around him in areopage, fracassing a great bingkang cagnan with their timpan crowders. Mind your Grimmfather! </span><span style="color: #38761d;">Think of your Ma! Hing the Hong is his jove's hangnomen! Lilt a bolero, bulling a law!</span> <span style="color: #38761d;">She swore on croststyx nyne wyndabouts she'd be level with all the snags of them yet. Par the Vulnerable Virgin's Mary del Dame! So she said to herself she'd frame a plan to fake a shine, the mischiefmaker, the like of it you niever heard. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />What plan? Tell me quick and dongu so crould! What the meurther did she mague? <br /><span style="color: #38761d;"><br />Mrs Quickenough:<br />Well, she bergened a zak, a shammy mailsack, with the lend of a loan of the light of his lampion, off one of her swapsons, Shaun the Post, and then she went and consulted her chapboucqs, old Mot Moore, Casey's Euclid and the Fashion Display, and made herself tidal to join in the mascarete. O gig goggle of gigguels, I can't tell you how! It's too screaming to rizo, rabbit it all! Minneha, minnehi, minnehe, minneho!<br /></span><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />O, but you must, you must really! Make my hear it gurgle gurgle, like the farest gargle gargle, in the dusky dirgle dargle. By the twittering well of Mulhuddart I swear I'd pledge my chanza getting to heaven through Tirry and Killy's mount of impiety to hear it all, aviary word. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />O, leave me my faculties, woman, a while! If you don't like my story get out of the punt. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Well, have it your own way so. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Here, sit down and do as you're bid. Take my stroke and bend to your bow. Forward in and pull your overthepoise! Lisp it slaney and crisp it quiet. Deel me longsome. Tongue your time now. Breathe thet deep. Thouat's the fairway. Hurry slow and scheldt you go.</span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Lynd us your blessed ashes here till I scrub the canon's underpants. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Flow now. Ower more. And pooleypooley. First she let her hair fal and down it flussed to her feet its teviots winding coils. Then, mothernaked, she sampood herself with galawater and fraguant pistania mud, wupper and lauar, from crown to sole. Next she greased the groove of her keel, warthes and wears and mole and itcher, with antifouling butterscatch and turfentide and serpenthyme, and with leafmould she ushered round prunella isles and eslats dun, quincecunct, allover her little mary. Peeld gold of waxwork her jellybelly and her grains of incense anguille bronze. And after that she wove a garland for her hair. She pleated it. She plaited it. Of meadowgrass and riverflags, the bulrush and waterweed, and of fallen griefs of weeping willow. Then she made her bracelets and her anklets and her armlets and a jetty amulet for necklace of clicking cobbles and pattering pebbles and rumbledown rubble, richmond and rehr, of Irish rhunerhinestones and shellmarble bangles. That done, a dawk of smut to her airy eye, Annushka Lutetiavitch Pufflovah, and the lellipos cream to her lippeleens and the pick of the paintbox for her pommettes, from strawbirry reds to extray violates, and she sendred her boudeloire maids to His Affluence, Ciliegia Grande and Kirschie Real, the two chirrines, with respecks from his missus, seepy and sewery, and a request might she passe of him for a minnikin. A call to pay and light a taper, in Brie-on-Arrosa, back in a sprizzling. The cock striking mine, the stalls bridely sign, there's Zambosy waiting for me. She said she wouldn't be half her length away. Then, then, as soon as the lump his back was turned, with her mealiebag slang over her shulder, Anna Livia, oysterface, forth of her bassein came.</span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Describe her! Hustle along, why can't you? Spitz on the iern while it's hot. I wouldn't miss her for irthing on nerthe. Not for the lucre of lomba strait! Oceans of Gaud, I mosel hear that! Ogowe presta! Leste, before Julia sees her! Ishekarry and washemeskad, the carishy caratimaney? Whole ladyfair? Duodecimoroon? Bonaventura? Malagassy? What had she on, the liddel oud oddity? How much did she scallop, harness and weights? Here she is, Amnisty Ann! Call her calamity electrifies man.<br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />No electress at all but old Moppa Necessity, angin mother of injons. I'll tell you a test. But you must sit still. Will you hold your peace and listen well to what I am going to say now? It might have been ten or twenty to one of the night of Allclose or the nexth of April when the flip of her hoogly igloo flappered and out toetippit a bushmam woman, the dearest little moma ever you saw, nodding around her, all smiles, with ems of embarras and aues to awe, between two ages, a judy queen not up to your elb. Quick, look at her cute and saise her quirk for the bicker she lives the slicker she grows. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Save us and tagus! No more? Werra, where in ourthe did you ever pick a Lambay chop as big as a battering ram? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Ay, you're right. I'm epte to forgetting, like Liviam Liddle did Loveme Long. The linth of my hough, I say! She wore a ploughboy's nailstudded clogs, a pair of ploughfields in themselves: a sugarloaf hat with a gaudyquiviry peak and a band of gorse for an arnoment and a hundred streamers dancing off it, all aflume, and a guildered pin to pierce it: owlglassy bicycles boggled her eyes: and a fishnetzeveil for the sun not to spoil the wrinklings of her hydeaspects: potatorings boucled the loose laubes of her laudesnarers: her nude cuba stockings were salmonspotspeckled: she sported a galligo shimmy of hazevaipar tinto that never was fast till it ran in the washing: stout stays, the rivals, lined her length: her bloodorange bockknickers, a two in one garment, showed natural nigger boggers, fancyfastened, free to undo: her blackstripe tan joseph was sequansewn and teddybearlined, with wavy rushgreen epaulettes and a leadown here and there of royal swansruff: a brace of gaspers stuck in her hayrope garters: her civvy codroy coat with alpheubett buttons was boundaried round with a twobar tunnel belt: a fourpenny bit in each pocketside weighed her safe from the blowaway windrush: she had a clothespeg tight astride on her joki's nose and she kept on grinding a sommething quaint in her fiumy mouth: and the rrreke of the fluve of the tail of the gawan of her snuffdrab siouler's skirt trailed ffiffty odd Irish miles behind her lungarhodes.</span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Hellsbells, I'm sorry I missed her! Sweet gumptyum and nobody fainted. But in whelk of her mouths? Was her naze alight? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Everyone that saw her said the dowce little delia looked a bit queer. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Lotsy trotsy, mind the poddle! Missus, be good and don't fol in the say! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Fenny poor hex she must have charred. Kickhams a frumpier ever you saw. Making mush mullet's eyes at her boys dobelon. And they crowned her their chariton queen, all the maids. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Of the may? You don't say! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Well for her she couldn't see herself. I recknitz wharfore the darling murrayed her mirro</span>r. <br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />She did? Mersey me! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />There was a koros of drouthdropping surfacemen, boomslanging and plugchewing, fruiteyeing and flowerfeeding, in contemplation of the fluctuation and the undification of her filimentation, lolling and leasing on North Lazers' Waal all eelfare week by the Jukar Yoick's and as soon as they saw her meander by that marritime way in her grasswinter's weeds and twigged who was under her archdeaconess's bonnet, Avondale's fish and Clarence's poison, wheezes an to anaber, Wit-upon-Crutches to Master Bates: Between our two southsates and the granite they're warming, either her face has been lifted or Alp has doped.</span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />But what was the game in her mixed baggyrhatty? Just the tembo in her tumbo or pilipili from her pepperpot? Saas and taas and specis bizaas. And where in thunder did she plunder? Fore the battle or efter the ball? I want to get it frisk from the soorce. I aubette my bearb it's worth while poaching on. Shake it up, do! do! That’s a good old son of a ditch! Raddle-me-rurally the restigouche. I promise I’ll make it wentworthe your while. and I don’t mean maybe. Not yet with a goodfor. <span style="caret-color: rgb(56, 118, 29);">Spey me pruth and I’ll tale you true. </span><br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Well, arundgirond in a waveney lyne aringarouma she pattered and swung and sidled, dribbling her boulder through narrowa mosses, the diliskydrear on our drier side and the vildevetchvine agin us, curara here, careero there, not knowing which medway or wheser to strike it, edereider, making chattahoochee all to her ain chichui, like Santa Claus at the cree of the pale and puny, nistling to hear for their tiny hearties, her arms encircling Isolabella, then running with reconciled Romas and Reims, then bathing Dirty Hans' spatters with spittle, on like a lech to be off like a dart, with a Christmas box apiece for aisch and iveryone of her childer, the birthday gifts they dreamt they gave her, the spoiled she fleetly laid at our door. On the matt, by the pourch and inunder the cellar. The rivulets ran aflod to see, the glashaboys, the pollynooties. Out of the paunschaup on to the pyre. And they all about her, juvenile leads and ingenuinas, from the slime of their slums and artesaned wellings, rickets and riots, like the Smyly boys at their vicereine's levee, chipping her and raising a bit of a chir or a ary, Vivi vienne, little Annchen! Vielo Anno, high life! Sing us a sula, O Susuria! Ausone sidulcis! Hasn't she tambre!, every dive she'd neb in her culdee sacco of wabbash she raabed and reach out her maundy meerschaundize, poor souvenir as per ricorder and all for sore aringarung, stinkers and heelers, laggards and primelads, her furzeborn sons and dribblederry daughters, a thousand and one of them, and wickerpotluck for each of them. For evil and ever. And kiks the buch. A tinker's bann and a barrow to boil his billy for Gipsy Lee: a cartridge of cockaleekie soup for Chummy the Guardsman: for sulky Pender's acid nephew deltoid drops, curiously strong: a cough and a rattle and wildrose cheeks for poor Piccolina Petite MacFarlane: a jigsaw puzzle of needles and pins and blankets and shins between them for Isabel, Jezebel and Llewelyn Mmarriage: a brazen nose and pigiron mittens for Johnny Walker Beg: a papar flag of the saints and stripes for Kevineen O'Dea: a puffpuff for Pudge Craig and a nightmarching hare for Techertim Tombigby: waterleg and gumboots each for Bully Hayes and Hurricane Hartigan: a prodigal heart and fatted calves for Buck Jones, the pride of Clonliffe: a loaf of bread and a father's early aim for Val from Skibereen: a jauntingcar for Larry Doolin, the Ballyclee jackeen: a seasick trip on a government ship for Teague O'Flanagan: a louse and trap for Jerry Coyle: slushmincepies for Andy Mackenzie: a hairclip and clackdish for Penceless Peter: that twelve sounds look for G. V. Brooke: a drowned doll to face downwards for modest Sister Anne Mortimer: altar falls for Blanchisse's bed: Wildairs' breechettes for Magpeg Woppington: for Sue Dot a big eye, for Sam Dash a false step: snakes in clover, picked and scotched, and a vaticanned vipercatcher's visa for Patsy Presbys: a reiz every morning for Standfast Dick and a drop every minute for Stumblestone Davy: scruboak beads for beatified Biddy: two appletweed stools for Eva Mobbely: for Saara Philpot a jordan vale tearorne: a pretty box of Pettyfib's Powder for Eileen Aruna to whiten her teeth and outflash Helen Arhone: a whipping top for Eddy Lawless: for Kitty Coleraine of Butterman's Lane a penny wise for her foolish pitcher: a putty shovel for Terry the Puckaun: an apotamus mask for Promoter Dunne: a niester egg with a twicedated shell and a dynamight right for Pavl the Curate: a collera morbous for Mann in the Cloack: a starr and girton for Draper and Deane: for Will-of-the-Wisp and Barny-the-Bark two mangolds noble to sweeden their bitters: for Oliver Bound a way in his frey: for Seumas, thought little, a crown he feels big: a tibertine's pile with a Congoswood cross on the back for Sunny Twimjim: a praises be and spare me days for Brian the Bravo: penteplenty of pity with lubilashings of lust for Olona Lena Magdalena: for Camilla, Dromilla, Ludmilla, Mamilla, a bucket, a packet, a book and a pillow: for Nancy Shannon a Tuami brooch: for Dora Riparia Hopeandwater a cooling douche and a warmingpan: a pair of Blarney braggs for Wally Meagher: a hairpin slatepencil for Elsie Oram to scratch her toby, doing her best with her volgar fractions: an old age pension for Betty Bellezza: a bag of the blues for Funny Fitz: a Missa pro Messa for Taff de Taff: Jill, the spoon of a girl, for Jack, the broth of a boy: a Rogerson Crusoe's Friday fast for Caducus Angelus Rubiconstein: three hundred and sixtysix poplin tyne for revery warp in the weaver's woof for Victor Hugoknot: a stiff steaded rake and good varians muck for Kate theCleaner: a hole in the ballad for Hosty: two dozen of cradles for J. F. X. P. Coppinger: tenpounten on the pop for the daulphins born with five spoiled squibs for Infanta: a letter to last a lifetime for Maggi beyond by the ashpit: the heftiest frozenmeat woman from Lusk to Livienbad for Felim the Ferry: spas and speranza and symposum's syrup for decayed and blind and gouty Gough: a change of naves and joys of ills for Armoricus Tristram Amoor Saint Lawrence: a guillotine shirt for Reuben Redbreast und hempen suspendeats for Brennan on the Moor: an oakanknee for Conditor Sawyer and musquodoboits for Great Tropical Scott: a peduncle for Karmalite Kane: a sunless map of the month, including the sword and stamps for Shemus O'Shaun the Post: a jackal with hide for Browne but Nolan: a stonecold shoulder for Donn Joe Vance: all lock and no stable for Honorbright Merreytrickx: a big drum for Billy Dunboyne: a guiltygoldeny bellows, below me blow me, for Ida Ida and a Hushaby rocker, Elletrouvetout for Who-is-silvier — Where-is-he?: whatever you like to swilly to swash, Yuinness or Yennessy, Laagen or Niger, for Festus King and Roaring Peter and Frisky Shorty and Treacle Tom and O. B. Behan and Sully the Thug and Master Magrath and Peter Cloran and O'Delawarr Rossa and Nerone MacPacem and whoever you chance to meet knocking around: and a pig's bladder balloon for Selina Susquehanna Stakelum. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />But what did she give to Pruda Ward and Katty Kanel and Peggy Quilty and Briery Brosna and Teasy Kieran and Ena Lappin and Muriel Maassy and Zusan Camac and Melissa Brandogue and Flora Ferns and Fauna Fox-Goodman and Grettna Greaney and Penelope Inglesante and Lezba Licking like Leytha Liane and Roxana Rohan with Simpatica Sohan and Una Bina Laterza and Trina La Mesme and Philomena O'Farrell and Irmak Elly and Josephine Foyle and Snakeshead Lily and Fountainoy Laura and Marie Xavier Agnes Daisy Frances de Sales Macleay? <br /><span style="color: #38761d;"><br />Mrs Quickenough:<br />She gave them ilcka madre's daughter a moonflower and a bloodvein: but the grapes that ripe before reason to them that divide the vinedress. So on Izzy, her shamemaid, love shone befond her tears as from Shem, her penmight, life past befoul his prime.</span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />My colonial, wardha bagful! A bakereen's dusind with a tithe of tillies to boot. That's what you may call a tale of a tub. And Hibernonian market too. All that and more under one crinoline envelope if you dare to break the porkbarrel seal. No wonder they'd run from her pison plague.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiVZ9P4S_ZEsxjo_LsuCx2VV5SmOoYKBCkxDi6WKxqZB_A97iVO9-OOuLP58-ln48UsECH8EUoHlGS3v0HnejWx_eJR7-eqAVnvhR6AFpCGY6_gXOWftFw0hXGBUHJdHj3pLG33itXbym0eQVrKYk8Tjk4vnCV-uCJi3dLDhyaxiVe4Oxz_MnfA5o-Hw/s581/hudson.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="581" data-original-width="359" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiVZ9P4S_ZEsxjo_LsuCx2VV5SmOoYKBCkxDi6WKxqZB_A97iVO9-OOuLP58-ln48UsECH8EUoHlGS3v0HnejWx_eJR7-eqAVnvhR6AFpCGY6_gXOWftFw0hXGBUHJdHj3pLG33itXbym0eQVrKYk8Tjk4vnCV-uCJi3dLDhyaxiVe4Oxz_MnfA5o-Hw/w124-h200/hudson.png" width="124" /></a></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough <br />Throw us your hudson soap for the honour of Clane! The wee taste the water left. I'll raft it back first thing in the marne. Merced mulde! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Ay, and don't forget the reckitts I lohaned you. </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1eJNjMddM7LcUdRAYcbJZDqAOodHIDdWhSSQvvL7uoCKwfOwAAKqhQo2PCRpcjwLKIASQsuhmsiRhw1zcN23t3P3HFt7w49Z-nMe6Zsyx4s2ZjwsFstohFvuDZ39qHsGk63dczbuvAqIjO73ZtIoGGD31TG5OBKzLNuCt39TZWeJ6bRspIx73crbG-A/s592/Reckitts.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="592" data-original-width="416" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1eJNjMddM7LcUdRAYcbJZDqAOodHIDdWhSSQvvL7uoCKwfOwAAKqhQo2PCRpcjwLKIASQsuhmsiRhw1zcN23t3P3HFt7w49Z-nMe6Zsyx4s2ZjwsFstohFvuDZ39qHsGk63dczbuvAqIjO73ZtIoGGD31TG5OBKzLNuCt39TZWeJ6bRspIx73crbG-A/w141-h200/Reckitts.png" width="141" /></a></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />You've all the swirls your side of the current. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Well, am I to blame for that if I have? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Who said you're to blame for that if you have? You're a bit on the sharp side. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />I’m on the wide. Only snuffers' cornets drifts my way that the cracka dvine chucks out of his cassock, with her estheryear's marsh narcissus to make him recant his vanitty fair. Foul strips of his Chinook's bible I do be reading, dodwell disgustered but chickled with chuckles at the tittles is drawn on the tattlepage. Senior ga dito: Faciasi Omo! E Omo fu fò. Ho! Ho! Senior ga dito: Faciasi Hidamo! Hidamo se ga facessà. Ha! Ha! And Die Windermere Dichter and Lefanu (Sheridan's) Old House by the Coachyard and Mill (J.) On Woman with Ditto on the Floss. Ja, a swamp for Altmuehler and a stone for his flossies! I know how racy they move his wheel. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />My hands are blawcauld between isker and suda like that piece of pattern chayney there, lying below. Or where is it? Lying beside the sedge I saw it. Hoangho, my sorrow, I've lost it! Aimihi! With that turbary water who could see? So near and yet so far! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />But O, gihon! I lovat a gabber. I could listen to maure and moravar again. Regn onder river. Flies do your float. Thick is the life for mere.<br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Well, you know or don't you kennet or haven't I told you every telling has a taling and that's the he and the she of it. Look, look, the dusk is growing. My branches lofty are taking root. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />And my cold cher's gone ashley. Fieluhr? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Filou! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />What age is at?<br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough<br />It saon is late. 'Tis endless now senne eye or erewone last saw Waterhouse's clogh. They took it asunder, I hurd thum sigh. When will they reassemble it? O, my back, my back, my bach! I'd want to go to Aches-les-Pains. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble;<br />Pingpong! There's the Belle for Sexaloiter! And Concepta de Send-us-pray! Pang! Wring out the clothes! Wring in the dew! Godavari, vert the showers! And grant Thaya grace! Aman. Will we spread them here now? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Ay, we will. Flip! Spread on your bank and I'll spread mine on mine. Flep!</span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />It's what I'm doing. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough;<br />Spread! It's churning chill. Der went is rising. I'll lay a few stones on the hostel sheets. A man and his bride embraced between them. Else I'd have sprinkled and folded them only. <br /></span><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />And I'll tie my butcher's apron here. It's suety yet. The strollers will pass it by. Six shifts, ten kerchiefs, nine to hold to the fire and this for the code, the convent napkins, twelve, one baby's shawl. Goodmother Jossiph knows, she said. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Whose head? </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Mutter snores? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Deataceas! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Wharnow are alle her childer, say? In kingdome gone or power to come or gloria be to them farther? Allalivial, allalluvial! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Some here, more no more, more again lost alla stranger. I've heard tell that same brooch of the Shannons was married into a family in Spain. And all the Dunders de Dunnes in Markland's Vineland beyond Brendan's herring pool takes number nine in yangsee's hats. And one of Biddy's beads went bobbing lonesome till she rounded up lost histereve with a marigold and a cobbler's candle in a side strain of a main drain of a manzinahurries off Bachelor's Walk. But all that's left to the last of the Meaghers in the loup of the years prefixed and between is one kneebuckle and two hooks in the front. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Do you tell me that now? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />I do, in troth. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Orara por Orbe and poor Las Animas! Ussa, ulla, we're umbas all! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Mezha, didn't you hear it a deluge of times, ufer and ufer, respund to spond? You deed, you deed! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />I need, I need! It's that irrawaddyng I've stoke in my aars. It all but husheth the lethest zswound. Oronoko! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />What's your trouble? <br /></span><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Is that the great Finnleader himself in his joakimono on his statue riding the high horse there forehengist? Father of Otters, it is himself! Yonne there? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Isset that? On Fallareen Common? You're thinking of Astley's Amphitheayter where the bobby restrained you making sugarstuck pouts to the ghostwhite horse of the Peppers. Throw the cobwebs from your eyes, woman, and spread your washing proper. It's well I know your sort of slop. Flap! Ireland sober is Ireland stiff. Lord help you, Maria, full of grease, the load is with me! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Your prayers. I sonht zo! Madammangut! Were you lifting your elbow, tell us, glazy cheeks, in Conway's Carrigacurra canteen? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Was I what, hobbledyhips? Flop! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Your rere gait's creakorheuman bitts your butts disagrees. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Amn't I up since the damp dawn, marthared mary allacook, with Corrigan's pulse and vericoarse veins, my pramaxle smashed, Alice Jane in decline and my oneeyed mongrel twice run over, soaking and bleaching boiler rags, and sweating cold, a widow like me, for to deck my tennis champion son, the laundryman with the lavandier flannels? </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />You won your limpopo limp from the husky hussars when Collar and Cuffs was heir to the town and your slur gave the stink to Carlow. Holy Scamander! I sar it again! Near the golden falls. Icis on us! Seints of light! Zezere! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Subdue your noise, you hamble creature! What is it but a blackburry growth or the dwyergray ass them four old codgers owns. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Are you meanam Tarpey and Lyons and Gregory? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />I meyne now, thank all, the four of them, and the roar of them, that draves that stray in the mist and old Johnny MacDougal along with them. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Is that the Poolbeg flasher beyant, pharphar, or a fireboat coasting nyar the Kishtna or a glow I behold within a hedge or my Garry come back from the Indes? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Wait till the honeying of the lune, love! Die, eve, little eve, die! We see that wonder in your eye. We'll meet again, we'll part once more.</span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(56, 118, 29);"><br /></span></span>Miss Dodpebble:<br /><span>The spot I'll seek if the hour you'll find. My chart shines high where the blue milk's upset. </span>Forgivemequick, I'm going! <span style="caret-color: rgb(56, 118, 29);">Bubye! And you, pluck your watch, forgetmenot. Your evenlode. So save to jurna's end!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough: </span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;">My sights are swimming thicker on me by the shadows to this place. I sow home slowly now by own way, moyvalley way. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Towy I too, rathmine.<br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Ah, but she was the queer old skeowsha anyhow, Anna Livia, trinklytoes! And sure he was the quare old buntz too, Dear Dirty Dumpling, foostherfather of fingalls and fotthergills! Gammer and gaffer, we're all their gangsters. Hadn't he seven dams to wive him? And every dam had her seven crutches. And every crutch had its seven hues. And each hue had a differing cry. Sudds for me and supper for you and the doctor's bill for Joe John. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Befor! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Bifur! He married his markets, cheap by foul, I know, like any Etrurian Catholic Heathen, in their pinky limony creamy birnies and their turkiss indienne mauves. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />But at milkidmass who was the spouse? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Then all that was was fair. Tys Elvenland! Teems of times and happy returns. The seim anew. Ordovico or viricordo. Anna was, Livia is, Plurabelle's to be. Northmen's thing made southfolk's place but howmulty plurators made eachone in person? Latin me that, my trinity scholard, out of eure sanscreed into oure eryan. Hircus Civis Eblanensis! He had buckgoat paps on him, soft ones for orphans. Ho, Lord! Twins of his bosom. Lord save us! And ho! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Hey? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />What all men. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Hot? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />His tittering daughters of. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Whawk? Can't hear with the waters of. The chittering waters of. Flittering bats, fieldmice bawk talk. Ho! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Are you not gone ahome? </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />What Thom Malone? Can't hear with bawk of bats, all this liffeying waters of. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Ho, talk save us! My foos woon't moos. I feel as old as yonder elm. </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />A tale told of Shaun or Shem? All Livia's daughtersons. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Dark hawks hear us! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Night! <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Night! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble;<br />My ho head halls. I feel as heavy as yonder stone. <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Tell me of John or Shaun? </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Who were Shem and Shaun the living sons or daughters of? <br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Night now!</span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Tell me, tell me, tell me, elm! <br /><span style="color: #38761d;"><br />Mrs Quickenough:<br />Night night! </span><br /><br />Miss Dodpebble:<br />Telmetale of stem or stone. Beside the rivering waters of, hitherandthithering waters of.<br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d;">Mrs Quickenough:<br />Night!</span><br /><br /><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>OTHER VERSIONS OF THE ENDING</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHk_W-Rrp7IUub1PucYafQXSZCxiQX_rwN2PD3mMfkZgeqchRyaKo6_2Uem7AwSLEQjB4JVw3v3h5zXO3mG3tdI84k_XvAbisuO1yhH8IQFKykYqpTfsT_D3dhfcFSg7O17uGOvE99tMT65j25waVKsu-tB6QUCsrvVZ3cICso-upvGDaQzZS-T54/s2364/IMG_4452.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2364" data-original-width="2346" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHk_W-Rrp7IUub1PucYafQXSZCxiQX_rwN2PD3mMfkZgeqchRyaKo6_2Uem7AwSLEQjB4JVw3v3h5zXO3mG3tdI84k_XvAbisuO1yhH8IQFKykYqpTfsT_D3dhfcFSg7O17uGOvE99tMT65j25waVKsu-tB6QUCsrvVZ3cICso-upvGDaQzZS-T54/s320/IMG_4452.jpeg" width="318" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><div>Siobhan McKenna was the first reader to use two different voices for the washerwomen, an old and a young one, in this 1959 Caedmon recording, directed by the playwright Howard Sackler. Her performance influenced the later recordings, made in 1998 and 2021 by Marcella Riordan. Yet all three recordings assign the voices at the end slightly differently.</div><div><p><iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/5a1uiLLKkLI" width="480"></iframe> <br /></p></div><div>Here's how McKenna reads the final passage:</div><br />Old voice:<br />Ho, talk save us! My foos woon't moos. <br /><br />Young voice:<br />I feel as old as yonder elm. <br /><br />Old:<br />A tale told of Shaun or Shem? All Livia's daughtersons. Dark hawks hear us! <br /><br />Young:<br />Night! <br /><br />Old:<br />Night! My ho head halls. I feel as heavy as yonder stone. <br /><br />Young:<br />Tell me of John or Shaun? <br /><br />Old:<br />Who were Shem and Shaun the living sons or daughters of? <br /><br />Young:<br />Night now! <br /><br />Old:<br />Tell me, tell me, tell me, elm! <br /><br />Young:<br />Night<br /><br />Old:<br />night! Telmetale of stem or stone. Beside the rivering waters of, hitherandthithering waters of. Night!<br /><br /><br /><br />Here's Marcella Riordan's 1998 abridged recording, which is on audible, strongly influenced by McKenna:<br /><br /><br />Old:<br />Ho, talk save us! My foos woon't moos. I feel as old as yonder elm. A tale told of Shaun or Shem? All Livia's daughtersons. Dark hawks hear us! <br /><br />Young:<br />Night! <br /><br />Old:<br />Night! My ho head halls. I feel as heavy as yonder stone. <br /><br />Young:<br />Tell me of John or Shaun? <br /><br />Old:<br />Who were Shem and Shaun the living sons or daughters of? <br /><br />Young: <br />Night now! <br /><br />Old:<br />Tell me, tell me, tell me, elm! <br /><br />Young:<br />Night<br /><br />Old:<br />night! Telmetale of stem or stone. Beside the rivering waters of, hitherandthithering waters of. Night!<br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnRkfoTz7L8tBqO8ad-WgNNvz8VwolcYmekzHxGUH3ZTK1MOAi3N9WCYoMfHq169BjGKJF_v5JDYJlrpd7KVG27RVsv7FA5UnRnJWbCc8hO-yeJcrs6RfDKZ4B1z9Jfo0S8kPCx4jzxD-O-X1V-5t6Zq28NyX7lXGOn_vHXIgKHdutU0wLrf2N7oE/s1218/IMG_4453.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1218" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnRkfoTz7L8tBqO8ad-WgNNvz8VwolcYmekzHxGUH3ZTK1MOAi3N9WCYoMfHq169BjGKJF_v5JDYJlrpd7KVG27RVsv7FA5UnRnJWbCc8hO-yeJcrs6RfDKZ4B1z9Jfo0S8kPCx4jzxD-O-X1V-5t6Zq28NyX7lXGOn_vHXIgKHdutU0wLrf2N7oE/s320/IMG_4453.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>In 2021, Riordan made a wonderful complete recording of the chapter, which is also on audible. Here she reassigns the final line to the younger voice:<br /><br />Old:<br />Ho, talk save us! My foos woon't moos. I feel as old as yonder elm. A tale told of Shaun or Shem? All Livia's daughtersons. <br /><br />Young:<br />Dark hawks hear us! Night? Night! <br /><br />Old:<br />My ho head halls. I feel as heavy as yonder stone. <br /><br />Young:<br />Tell me of John or Shaun? Who were Shem and Shaun the living sons or daughters of?<br /><br />Old:<br />Night now! <br /><br />Young:<br />Tell me, tell me, tell me, elm! <br /><br />Old:<br />Night night! <br /><br />Young:<br />Telmetale of stem or stone. Beside the rivering waters of, hitherandthithering waters of. Night!</div></div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XJ190at-RBWl4VYWvaiPxELCssg3NOp9zmT_DjEl4cRARSJQYtwuM8BCUdiX-cV071crwo-DLPMAkH1TCc5QyOGIyLV9inkSInZowUwI2ppLHzuBs-7vwUBOWye29_0mxb4DXAiLRVs-jK4mXBbId6plWhpVfNkwd9rWTuH_NRy-AperY7N8GL8/s1203/IMG_4454.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1189" data-original-width="1203" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XJ190at-RBWl4VYWvaiPxELCssg3NOp9zmT_DjEl4cRARSJQYtwuM8BCUdiX-cV071crwo-DLPMAkH1TCc5QyOGIyLV9inkSInZowUwI2ppLHzuBs-7vwUBOWye29_0mxb4DXAiLRVs-jK4mXBbId6plWhpVfNkwd9rWTuH_NRy-AperY7N8GL8/s320/IMG_4454.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-49671937337580074302023-04-12T16:27:00.034+01:002023-04-18T08:57:45.788+01:00On the trail of the Rosevean <p></p><b>'He laid the dry snot picked from his nostril on a ledge of rock, carefully. For the rest let look who will. Behind. Perhaps there is someone.<br />He turned his face over a shoulder, rere regardant. Moving through the air high spars of a threemaster, her sails brailed up on the crosstrees, homing, upstream, silently moving, a silent ship.'</b><div><div><br /></div><div>This is the lovely end of the 'Proteus' episode of <i>Ulysses</i>, where Stephen Dedalus, after picking his nose, sees a passing ship, later identified as Rosevean. This week, in the Glasgow <i>Ulysses</i> reading group, John Coyle asked why Stephen sees the ship 'moving through the air' rather than the water. I found the answer in this map from Clive Hart and Ian Gunn's wonderful revised edition of <i>James Joyce's Dublin</i>: <i>A Topographical Guide to the Dublin of Ulysses, </i>Split Pea Press, 2022. You can download this for free <a href="http://www.riverrun.org.uk/JJD2.html">at Joycetools</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH2FaFunFosMSaFsfCdanZAT-onZhOMs7t15LbtbYAim57sl9gTBzp_7vJikegJKa7wTZtJiHuZOSt2zjUJFEow3tBJDPgRHipqcSsn2kI6tJ8iCTP7tshPcQcfYF2IZDuwJE8TpCuUs9GS6y984Iw5uXSjdH-H82Q8RQYPM1kQiby3GWcVFGfdzw/s1426/Screenshot%202023-04-11%20at%2010.35.32.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="715" data-original-width="1426" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH2FaFunFosMSaFsfCdanZAT-onZhOMs7t15LbtbYAim57sl9gTBzp_7vJikegJKa7wTZtJiHuZOSt2zjUJFEow3tBJDPgRHipqcSsn2kI6tJ8iCTP7tshPcQcfYF2IZDuwJE8TpCuUs9GS6y984Iw5uXSjdH-H82Q8RQYPM1kQiby3GWcVFGfdzw/w640-h320/Screenshot%202023-04-11%20at%2010.35.32.png" width="640" /></a></div><div><div><br /></div><div>The map shows Stephen's route across Sandymount Strand, reconstructed from clues in the text, quoted as A-F on the map. His position in the last few pages of the chapter is 'by the mole of boulders' at F. When Stephen picks his nose, his back is to the mole and the road. Wondering if he is being watched by anybody on the Pigeon House Road, he turns around, facing north. At this very moment the ship passes by, with only its masts and high spars visible. So the hull is hidden by the mole.</div><div><br /></div><div>The map also shows why the ship’s sails are 'brailed up'. She's being carried upstream by the Liffey tide, earlier revealed to be coming in ('under the upswelling tide').</div><div><br /></div>It would have been easy for Joyce to have written 'Moving through the air, <b>behind the mole</b>...' but he didn't want to make things easy for the reader. This reminds me of Joyce's comments to Jacques Benoist-Méchin, who repeated them to Richard Ellmann in a 1956 interview:<div><br /></div><b>'If I gave it all up immediately, I'd lose my immortality. I've put in so many enigmas and puzzles that it will keep the professors busy for centuries arguing over what I meant, and that's the only way of insuring one's immortality.'</b><div><i style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br /></i></div>Richard Ellmann, <i>James Joyce</i>, Oxford University Press, New York, Revised Edition (1982), p. 521.</div><div><br /></div><div>Joyce read this passage to Frank Budgen, who told him he had made a mistake in his description of the rigging:</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEZ03aY5JBdtEjtfKOM7TmfoQW1HXVHpO_PY4GK1mL9Ps0i6-Lo46cYryeMQqE0oh0GaW30OxjKI4K12jYGHIjxjAAsWaAVNTDNNfyuYPKt3VWSsK064PJQPs9cxrECpO_h5GMmFy1uJufDbjGRffnGbuy41sTFnq9LqolLWgxvBDKXMxWhsIkujI/s1921/DSC_0061.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1782" data-original-width="1921" height="371" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEZ03aY5JBdtEjtfKOM7TmfoQW1HXVHpO_PY4GK1mL9Ps0i6-Lo46cYryeMQqE0oh0GaW30OxjKI4K12jYGHIjxjAAsWaAVNTDNNfyuYPKt3VWSsK064PJQPs9cxrECpO_h5GMmFy1uJufDbjGRffnGbuy41sTFnq9LqolLWgxvBDKXMxWhsIkujI/w400-h371/DSC_0061.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Frank Budgen, <i>James Joyce and the Making of Ulysses</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>Why did Budgen assume the ship was a schooner? Perhaps his memory of the conversation was influenced by her later appearances in the book. The second is in the 'Wandering Rocks' episode, when Bloom's crumpled paper throwaway floats past her in the Dublin docks. </div><div><div><br /></div><div><div><b><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;">'Elijah, skiff, light crumpled throwaway, sailed eastward by flanks of ships and trawlers, amid an archipelago of corks, beyond new Wapping street past Benson’s ferry, and by the threemasted schooner </span><i style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;">Rosevean</i><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;"> from Bridgwater with bricks.'</span></b></div><div><br /></div><div>'Wandering Rocks'</div></div><div><br /></div><div>She's arrived at point 10 on Hart and Gunn's map below.</div><div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJKhgrRa7ooRJ8jVuJEVqLHaMK4l5oDKukGKaO3dM87_5trgaJUHagM3HRTWAQe7_qkcBJxvfKYCcjPpz6UbboVX2XB2NMs0RomhhWZsauvnB5Z0KDlb0pseSL5RxXWLdS6kwplIgOtvVmJGDRZ2QwmOW7ZFezumfrsMOAuwXF695qOcNgohD5Lao/s1234/Screenshot%202023-04-11%20at%2010.54.53.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="216" data-original-width="1234" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJKhgrRa7ooRJ8jVuJEVqLHaMK4l5oDKukGKaO3dM87_5trgaJUHagM3HRTWAQe7_qkcBJxvfKYCcjPpz6UbboVX2XB2NMs0RomhhWZsauvnB5Z0KDlb0pseSL5RxXWLdS6kwplIgOtvVmJGDRZ2QwmOW7ZFezumfrsMOAuwXF695qOcNgohD5Lao/w640-h112/Screenshot%202023-04-11%20at%2010.54.53.png" width="640" /></a></div><div><p><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;">Joyce found 'Rosevean, from Bridgwater, with bricks' in the Shipping News section of the <i>Freeman's Journal</i>, 16 June 1904. It's interesting to look at the other ships he could have picked (Eblana or Blackwater from Liverpool). </span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga19jqQXe2D-ADQizFG48uMaLBSrmwhg8sLbGbMBFkvIWWf7L6zVEZSqTV6J-iOIO1zwpmnYOTw-9mv6y9VgLkxsKehrQ0Nyit3y51_Tsi-taDgnOkiCPcd36Ll8ybgetuO3pNitzUBBArb4Cnmb0oCK4yvJjNGNmSY5CrAsbqtAl2hd4EODlqFE8/s2126/DSC_0060.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2126" data-original-width="1242" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga19jqQXe2D-ADQizFG48uMaLBSrmwhg8sLbGbMBFkvIWWf7L6zVEZSqTV6J-iOIO1zwpmnYOTw-9mv6y9VgLkxsKehrQ0Nyit3y51_Tsi-taDgnOkiCPcd36Ll8ybgetuO3pNitzUBBArb4Cnmb0oCK4yvJjNGNmSY5CrAsbqtAl2hd4EODlqFE8/w374-h640/DSC_0060.jpeg" width="374" /></a></div><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;"><p></p></span><p><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;">Imagine all those ships coming and going!</span></p><p><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;">Joyce has made a basic mistake here, missing the ‘YESTERDAY’ at the top. For Bloomsday arrivals, he should have used the following day’s paper. </span></p><p><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;">The paper doesn't say she was a schooner, but she is identified as one by the 'Sr' in </span><a href="https://www.crewlist.org.uk/data/viewimages?regtype=MNL&year=1900&name=ROSEVEAN&steamsail=Sail&page=673" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;">the 1900 Mercantile Navy list</a><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;">. She was built in the Isles of Scilly in 1847 and, in 1900, was owned by Clifford James Symons. </span></p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK-aNd_yqj0qt5Qf0Qlndd1coBXQKOgEzN5Hx91-e2VqwW0iIjjD8AjqukvAc5ePkdrns9hf-lBHkqiWx4iQbWoiXV6pxDoCWnvv_dH4UVNl3_fVBGFaQg5cHUQt4WHqAYb8agueXKeInm1mi0zcZaCRgIRAmCYwK-Xd-0fkMVQ7swf_m-4wgQJYc/s1581/rosevean%20crew.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="119" data-original-width="1581" height="48" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK-aNd_yqj0qt5Qf0Qlndd1coBXQKOgEzN5Hx91-e2VqwW0iIjjD8AjqukvAc5ePkdrns9hf-lBHkqiWx4iQbWoiXV6pxDoCWnvv_dH4UVNl3_fVBGFaQg5cHUQt4WHqAYb8agueXKeInm1mi0zcZaCRgIRAmCYwK-Xd-0fkMVQ7swf_m-4wgQJYc/w640-h48/rosevean%20crew.png" width="640" /></a></p><p></p></div></div><div>Googling Clifford Symons, I found <a href="https://shersca-genealogy.co.uk/2020/07/13/the-symons-family-part-one-humble-beginnings/#_ftn26">he was a brick manufacturer</a>. </div><div><br /></div><b>'The Bridgwater area became renowned for making bricks and tiles in the 19th century. The industry had grown popular both due to the natural deposits of clay in the River Parrett and the invention of more cost-effective production techniques. The growth of the rail network in Somerset meant that bricks and tiles could be transported out of the area. This led to a myriad of companies plying their trade throughout what is now the Sedgemoor district. One of these companies was Colthurst, Symons & Co., which owned at least seven brick and tile works around the Bridgwater area at the height of their production.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://shersca-genealogy.co.uk/2020/07/13/the-symons-family-part-one-humble-beginnings/">The Symons Family: Part One Humble Beginnings, Shersca Genealogy web page</a></div><div><br /></div><div>Bridgwater was also <a href="https://www.bridgwatermuseum.org.uk/port-and-docks.htm">a busy port, full of ships like Rosevean</a>, whose only cargo would have been<span style="text-indent: 16px;"> bricks and tiles. The trip to Dublin, a short voyage across the Irish Sea, would have been a regular one.</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;">There is still a </span><a href="https://www.bridgwatermuseum.org.uk/museum-collections/brick-and-tile.htm" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;">brick and tile museum i</a>n Bridgwater<span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;">.</span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;">Here's a Colthurst and Symons brick, from Dave Sallery's <a href="https://www.brocross.com/Bricks/Penmorfa/Pages/england5b.htm">Old Bricks website</a>. How many Dublin houses were made with these?</span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7i0hzIA7eVoLJ2t91gGWxG1ZLmZykkt-LJ9x0jZul5a4Ej1zjqhWc3vMBmQIaSiP69_GlEcXmzSbTEq9kxeR2iQUVlrjZhFK7H9IcjhB3UEbakUN8QUg3JbbPjl8qS4Z3W-bDPDktkoKdipGFngEh0734LgyuiWo6KttbRQXHs2dfPUiu6qz1lWs/s810/symons%20brick.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="407" data-original-width="810" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7i0hzIA7eVoLJ2t91gGWxG1ZLmZykkt-LJ9x0jZul5a4Ej1zjqhWc3vMBmQIaSiP69_GlEcXmzSbTEq9kxeR2iQUVlrjZhFK7H9IcjhB3UEbakUN8QUg3JbbPjl8qS4Z3W-bDPDktkoKdipGFngEh0734LgyuiWo6KttbRQXHs2dfPUiu6qz1lWs/w400-h201/symons%20brick.png" width="400" /></a></div></div><div><div><br /></div><div>Googling Rosevean, I discovered this painting of her, which is in the <a href="https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/the-rosevean-of-bridgwater-39761">Blake Museum, in Bridgwater</a>. </div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkJ74Deqozq7PHxJwE3qUbcnq2hTjkLNBh_YHm-H28NpzIcVB2N7dfqrelpjcNkBUbj7E21e87X6veQEuqgzZ_J4yQCJLCZK6rbC_qraQci_unj3i_-dKg43ogXkV9Dfq_y-vm1Oq4Z4ZCgWMYDJGG-taTrOv5zBzW2Fp0jx6jWS6bFE2z0iXuHZQ/s664/Rosevean.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="539" data-original-width="664" height="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkJ74Deqozq7PHxJwE3qUbcnq2hTjkLNBh_YHm-H28NpzIcVB2N7dfqrelpjcNkBUbj7E21e87X6veQEuqgzZ_J4yQCJLCZK6rbC_qraQci_unj3i_-dKg43ogXkV9Dfq_y-vm1Oq4Z4ZCgWMYDJGG-taTrOv5zBzW2Fp0jx6jWS6bFE2z0iXuHZQ/w400-h325/Rosevean.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">Photo credit: Bridgwater Town Council</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div>So Rosevean had two, not three, masts, and she was rigged fore-and-aft (sails parallel to the ship) rather than the square rig implied by Joyce's 'crosstrees'. He wanted crosstrees to make Stephen think of the crucifixion, remembered blasphemously in the Library episode:</div><div><p><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;"><b>'He Who Himself begot middler the Holy Ghost and Himself sent Himself, Agenbuyer, between Himself and others, Who, put upon by His fiends, stripped and whipped, was nailed like bat to barndoor, starved on crosstree...'</b></span></p><p><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;"><span>'</span><b>HOMING...A SILENT SHIP'</b></span></p>Stephen, who doesn't know that Rosevean is from Bridgwater, wrongly assumes that she's 'homing' i.e. returning to her home port. The Joyce Project argues that <b>'this silent ship may somehow reenact Odysseus' stealthy return to his home in Ithaca':</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>'Joyce's Odysseus, Leopold Bloom, will appear on the very next page of the novel, so the final words of the Telemachiad read like a prophetic transition, a linking of expectant son to triumphantly returning father. But symbolic connections tend not to cohere quite so neatly in Joyce's fictions. Bloom is not arriving on a schooner on June 16; he is conducting everyday business as a citizen of Dublin. And symbolically, he has only started on his journey from Calypso's island to an Ithacan homecoming.'</b></div></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><a href="http://m.joyceproject.com/notes/030137silentship.html">'A Silent Ship' The Joyce Project<b>.</b></a></div></div><div><br /></div><div>The idea that Rosevean is carrying an Odysseus home is developed in her third and final appearance in <i>Ulysses</i>, in the late night 'Eumaeus' episode. We meet one of my favourite characters in the book, a <b>'redbearded bibulous individual, portion of whose hairs greyish, a sailor probably'</b>:</div><br /><b>—Murphy’s my name, the sailor continued. D. B. Murphy of Carrigaloe. Know where that is?<br />—Queenstown harbour, Stephen replied.<br />—That’s right, the sailor said. Fort Camden and Fort Carlisle. That’s where I hails from. I belongs there. That’s where I hails from. My little woman’s down there. She’s waiting for me, I know. For England, home and beauty. She’s my own true wife I haven’t seen for seven years now, sailing about.</b><div><b> Mr Bloom could easily picture his advent on this scene, the homecoming to the mariner’s roadside shieling after having diddled Davy Jones, a rainy night with a blind moon. Across the world for a wife. Quite a number of stories there were on that particular Alice Ben Bolt topic....<br />—We come up this morning eleven o’clock. The threemaster Rosevean from Bridgwater with bricks. I shipped to get over. Paid off this afternoon. There’s my discharge. See? D. B. Murphy. A. B. S.</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>'this morning eleven o'clock'. </b>According to Joyce's <a href="http://m.joyceproject.com/images/for-chapter/1/fullsize/linatischema.png">Linati schema,</a> the 'Proteus' episode ends at eleven o'clock, when the threemaster passes Stephen, so this must be the same ship.</div><div><br /></div><div>I love the detail of his red beard. I've always imagined Odysseus as redbearded because that's how he's depicted by Alice and Martin Provenson, in their magnificent 1956 children's version of the <i>Odyssey</i>. I fell in love with this book, and the Ancient Greeks, at junior school. I looked for red hair in the <i>Odyssey</i>, but Athena's speech here reveals that he's a blond:</div><div><br /></div><b>'I will begin by disguising you so that no human being shall know you; I will cover your body with wrinkles; you shall lose all your yellow hair.' </b><i>Odyssey</i> 13.399<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4tU3YV4wOqhD9CeCnMFJyu-fWOiXQsKZSzj3iutmlRuThEgzmHrZ_w2v8HPLoMaiztOt0Uufr7VlFEdj82cBw6H21Cfeuty_TG-_7v1pMUwtD4aQW4WDyeeWLRWe0H6QnZtXkfO5VKzc8xipxt-_kogXQ8UUPwC9rJ5yIQTJzahsQ6Pyz8gPL6Lg/s3299/DSC_0046.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3299" data-original-width="2809" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4tU3YV4wOqhD9CeCnMFJyu-fWOiXQsKZSzj3iutmlRuThEgzmHrZ_w2v8HPLoMaiztOt0Uufr7VlFEdj82cBw6H21Cfeuty_TG-_7v1pMUwtD4aQW4WDyeeWLRWe0H6QnZtXkfO5VKzc8xipxt-_kogXQ8UUPwC9rJ5yIQTJzahsQ6Pyz8gPL6Lg/s320/DSC_0046.jpeg" width="272" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><div><div>In the Linati schema and notes given to Herbert Gorman, Joyce wrote 'Sailor-Ulysses Pseudangelos', that is Ulysses the false messenger. Joyce got this from the title of a lost Greek tragedy, referred to by Aristotle:</div><br /><b>'Again, there is a fictitious form of discovery arising from the fallacious reasoning of the parties concerned, as in the <i>Odysseus the False Messenger</i>.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div><i>Poetics</i> XVI</div><div><br /></div><div>Joyce's False Messenger is a teller of tall tales:</div><div><br /></div><b>—You know Simon Dedalus? he asked at length.<br />—I’ve heard of him, Stephen said.<br />Mr Bloom was all at sea for a moment, seeing the others evidently eavesdropping too.<br />—He’s Irish, the seaman bold affirmed, staring still in much the same way and nodding. All Irish.<br />—All too Irish, Stephen rejoined.</b><div><b style="text-indent: 1em;">—I seen him shoot two eggs off two bottles at fifty yards over his shoulder. The lefthand dead shot.</b></div><b>Though he was slightly hampered by an occasional stammer and his gestures being also clumsy as it was still he did his best to explain.<br />—Bottles out there, say. Fifty yards measured. Eggs on the bottles. Cocks his gun over his shoulder. Aims.<br />He turned his body half round, shut up his right eye completely. Then he screwed his features up someway sideways and glared out into the night with an unprepossessing cast of countenance.<br />—Pom! he then shouted once.<br />The entire audience waited, anticipating an additional detonation, there being still a further egg.</b></div><b>—Pom! he shouted twice.<br />Egg two evidently demolished, he nodded and winked, adding bloodthirstily:<br />—Buffalo Bill shoots to kill,<br />Never missed nor he never will.</b><div><br /></div><div>That 'there being still a further egg' is my favourite line in the whole book.</div><div><div><br /></div></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">'SHE SAILS STRAIGHT OUT OF LLOYD'S REGISTER INTO THE RECORDS OF MYTH'</h4><div><br /></div><div>Discussing Murphy with Frank Budgen, Joyce said, 'That's a portrait of you'!</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidq0dQDYe-IINfq5m6tkgLfEGpjH3JNfFpAVHSPhP0R4h7SP8uVb3IieNVT83wLTpKtENZLk-UR2ByG_1oV3y5PJKRckwI7zEwjvFNrcWR4md4dnqwKfBLonXTEzF7gPuOIppqZkc55-8t-JMtLTzrXwriE6xdKpKzagHxiwcjWfmGvhXpz3E0UEI/s1532/DSC_0045.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="1046" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidq0dQDYe-IINfq5m6tkgLfEGpjH3JNfFpAVHSPhP0R4h7SP8uVb3IieNVT83wLTpKtENZLk-UR2ByG_1oV3y5PJKRckwI7zEwjvFNrcWR4md4dnqwKfBLonXTEzF7gPuOIppqZkc55-8t-JMtLTzrXwriE6xdKpKzagHxiwcjWfmGvhXpz3E0UEI/s320/DSC_0045.jpeg" width="218" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">From Ellmann</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>Could that be because Budgen knew so much about rigging?</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8hC4U9-xm5ZaptX93XG0ptx-SQsSewNWzDlyvID59TP5PpSKEEbkuSxpyDCMZ1Rsg0rZo4W_w3w_SDjGtMp1oZ7g1pLZKZKD1gqlY0zlmIyiMtLJdBaD9hKfmSOPHAAkgNSLkiTupgDd_4fl6CFiP-2uD9T6So82leyENhCsyijVJ7-W01Lg1Tug/s1622/DSC_0044.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1179" data-original-width="1622" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8hC4U9-xm5ZaptX93XG0ptx-SQsSewNWzDlyvID59TP5PpSKEEbkuSxpyDCMZ1Rsg0rZo4W_w3w_SDjGtMp1oZ7g1pLZKZKD1gqlY0zlmIyiMtLJdBaD9hKfmSOPHAAkgNSLkiTupgDd_4fl6CFiP-2uD9T6So82leyENhCsyijVJ7-W01Lg1Tug/w400-h291/DSC_0044.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr1Glw_VxnBoYbgQdl6ZjJXbQ0TdGCOLEJDAsTkrvHgPJerxoidtWSqvwAQnBPtgDMgCPyaP9hgqrm19qf_ied2rPS1iQYbW16l-snXeMgSrLM4RxMrhR9kiRCtlSnXoGam9CljrGO13dohaLCyYEp1442dyaXPWllhNU_WhfzV5fRTaceF3uAu80/s2542/DSC_0043.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2542" data-original-width="1786" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr1Glw_VxnBoYbgQdl6ZjJXbQ0TdGCOLEJDAsTkrvHgPJerxoidtWSqvwAQnBPtgDMgCPyaP9hgqrm19qf_ied2rPS1iQYbW16l-snXeMgSrLM4RxMrhR9kiRCtlSnXoGam9CljrGO13dohaLCyYEp1442dyaXPWllhNU_WhfzV5fRTaceF3uAu80/w450-h640/DSC_0043.jpeg" width="450" /></a></div><br /><div><br /><div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-top: 0.25em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1em;"><br /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-top: 0.25em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1em;"><br /></p></div></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-9019535532935805422023-03-16T16:00:00.063+00:002023-03-21T14:08:24.087+00:00A Finnegans Wake Latin Translation Guide<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6XycKKNmrWbhioei9JBGcOcJlgGUO-alGpDcJP2R43iKN7FqdeyljfwFG4EcmS1MPn06k1k34YBw-7Z0TFNBZ3k-yELgo9cx6KN1oHy1DSKN0MzAy8m5RIvtzAq7-bjmbTdEpsKRktBmsTDhWseHn4BHlIQK-0unh2d-3k7TlcWuxOfiVlackRNE/s2321/C03475CC-C587-4A02-9DD8-0BC346FF10FC.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2014" data-original-width="2321" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6XycKKNmrWbhioei9JBGcOcJlgGUO-alGpDcJP2R43iKN7FqdeyljfwFG4EcmS1MPn06k1k34YBw-7Z0TFNBZ3k-yELgo9cx6KN1oHy1DSKN0MzAy8m5RIvtzAq7-bjmbTdEpsKRktBmsTDhWseHn4BHlIQK-0unh2d-3k7TlcWuxOfiVlackRNE/w400-h348/C03475CC-C587-4A02-9DD8-0BC346FF10FC.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>On page 185 of <i>Finnegans Wake</i>, Shem the Penman, deprived of writing materials by the censors, makes 'synthetic ink and sensitive paper for his own end out of his wit's waste' (185.06). The prudish narrator, Shaun the Post, finds his brother’s ink-making methods (above) so disgusting that he switches to Latin to explain them:</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTwNCFRGGF8oViZ-mCTwJdwgBm726JirC7e5qwvt694go5aI6TjMzVZT2VWdVEpTaeVx1T7O6Tz394vHQH3uDB2vmilR3gU0yVT71rnpX34UcvSArpHJnGK-Gi5siSCp9B5FDNFatVSFZIyn4bTocl7YvJCTC0e4U96hJYpD3D4lT4lq0otVEQ_3g/s1757/DSC_0019.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1576" data-original-width="1757" height="359" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTwNCFRGGF8oViZ-mCTwJdwgBm726JirC7e5qwvt694go5aI6TjMzVZT2VWdVEpTaeVx1T7O6Tz394vHQH3uDB2vmilR3gU0yVT71rnpX34UcvSArpHJnGK-Gi5siSCp9B5FDNFatVSFZIyn4bTocl7YvJCTC0e4U96hJYpD3D4lT4lq0otVEQ_3g/w400-h359/DSC_0019.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br />I've found six published translations of this and used <a href="https://translate.google.co.uk">Google translate</a> to get a seventh. Gavan Kennedy of the <a href="https://www.finneganwakes.com/">Finnegan Wakes film project</a> has also asked ChatGBT, the artificial intelligence chatbot, to have a go. So we now have eight translations, posted below. In the English parentheses above, Shaun also mistranslates some of the phrases - although the text is supplied by Shaun, it reflects Shem's aesthetic point of view, which Shaun doesn't appreciate or understand.</div><div><br /></div><div>Comparing all these, you can make up your own version. This is mine:</div><div><br /><i><b>First, the artist, the high first prose sower, </b><b>without any shame or permission, drew near to</b></i><b><i> the life-giving and all-powerful earth, then pulling up his raincope, he unfastened his underpants, his buttocks naked as they were born, and crying and moaning, evacuated into his hand </i>(highly prosy, crap in his hand, sorry!).<i> Relieved of the black animal, he sounded a trumpet and put his own dung, which he called his dejections, into an urn once used as an honoured mark of sadness. Then, invoking the twin brothers Medard and Godard, he pissed cheerfully and mellifluously into it, while singing with a great voice the psalm which begins, 'My tongue is the pen of a scribe writing swiftly' </i>(did a piss, says he was dejected, asks to be exonerated). <i>Finally, from that foul dung mixed with the pleasantness of the divine Orion, which he baked and then exposed to the cold, he made for himself an indelible ink </i>(faked O’Ryan’s, the indelible ink)<i>.</i></b></div><div><br /></div><div>Joyce's original text is just one long sentence, but most of the translators break it up for clarity.</div><div><b><i><br /></i></b></div><div>In the <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25486603">notes to his translation</a>, Robert Boyle has shown that several images above are derived from <a href="http://www.ricorso.net/rx/library/authors/classic/Joyce_J/Poetry/Gas_Burn.htm">'Gas from a Burner'</a>. In this 1912 satirical poem, Joyce mocks John Falconer, the Dublin printer who burned all but one of the 1,000 copies of the first printing of <i>Dubliners</i>. It's because of Falconer, called ‘Father Flammeus (flaming) Falconer’, that Shem has no writing materials.</div><div><br /></div><div>Like Shem, the printer groans and sobs, sings a psalm, bares his buttocks, and puts something (the ashes) into an urn (with one handle - suggesting a chamber pot). </div><div><br /></div><div><div><b>'I'll burn that book, so help me devil. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGeYBF9hvvbfySZPqGR-bZVnO9OJrAwFRGn_OO5oGB5nunaqsStZ5h3P1Htyzgc2smXmJwk6Nf_djnqhER7UDwh56sHiUXl5Y67rpzYNpGDHAVweZFL-MtYczo5sVGafIs9mP9NgvnCS5uYeQGRsrZuAf0Vg3I4j66ZBpJmFActBN9dPafan3k39g/s460/pot.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="343" data-original-width="460" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGeYBF9hvvbfySZPqGR-bZVnO9OJrAwFRGn_OO5oGB5nunaqsStZ5h3P1Htyzgc2smXmJwk6Nf_djnqhER7UDwh56sHiUXl5Y67rpzYNpGDHAVweZFL-MtYczo5sVGafIs9mP9NgvnCS5uYeQGRsrZuAf0Vg3I4j66ZBpJmFActBN9dPafan3k39g/w258-h193/pot.png" width="258" /></a></div></b></div><div><b>I'll sing a psalm as I watch it burn </b></div><div><b>And the ashes I'll keep in a one-handled urn. </b></div><div><b>I'll penance do with farts and groans </b></div><div><b>Kneeling upon my marrowbones. </b></div><div><b>This very next lent I will unbare </b></div><div><b>My penitent buttocks to the air </b></div><div><b>And sobbing beside my printing press </b></div><div><b>My awful sin I will confess. </b></div><div><b>My Irish foreman from Bannockburn </b></div><div><b>Shall dip his right hand in the urn </b></div><div><b>And sign crisscross with reverent thumb </b></div><div><b>Memento homo upon my bum'</b></div></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><span style="font-size: small;">Unlike the destructive printer, Shem’s act is a creative one. Joyce saw his role as an artist as someone who transmutes matter. From his Catholic background, he took the priest at Mass as his model. In <i>A Portrait</i>, Stephen Dedalus describes himself as<b> 'a priest of the eternal imagination</b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b> transmuting the daily bread of experience into the radiant body of everliving life.</b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDBvWOHYLoY2AJg-hTGxwoOoTlibzNNmldL4D6RkgJK5ZeT_SLr8t_b4pNAdbSro2BIoQO0-sGX77Io_aRJzLn6t36GzCMkO0E8zu5n9pf6yeMUD8mY7lXMi0OLNtik5p1RDYyDjFnmIw0iWD6md3qrRTi5dugxb2_It_41PKTYxJiW3iXPPbXx5Y/s297/alchemist.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="285" data-original-width="297" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDBvWOHYLoY2AJg-hTGxwoOoTlibzNNmldL4D6RkgJK5ZeT_SLr8t_b4pNAdbSro2BIoQO0-sGX77Io_aRJzLn6t36GzCMkO0E8zu5n9pf6yeMUD8mY7lXMi0OLNtik5p1RDYyDjFnmIw0iWD6md3qrRTi5dugxb2_It_41PKTYxJiW3iXPPbXx5Y/s1600/alchemist.png" width="297" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span class="st">In the Wake, Joyce uses the alchemist (above) as well as the priest as the transmuter. </span></span></span>Shem is described as 'the first till last alshemist' at 185.36. <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span class="st">At 184.18, he's cooking eggs with an 'athanor', an alchemist's furnace. The description of mixing dung and urine in an urn, and baking and cooling it, is alchemical. Alchemists believed that the basic ingredient for creating the Philosopher's Stone could be dung. Read </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Agnieszka Rec's blog post, <a href="https://recipes.hypotheses.org/author/agnieszkarec">'Dung? Alchemy is full of it'</a> and <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25476064?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">Barbara DiBernard's article, 'Alchemy in Finnegans Wake', JJQ, 1977</a>.</span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Here's the whole Latin text, phrase by phrase, with the translations beneath.<br /><br /><span style="color: red;"><b>Primum opifex</b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>Godfrey Tanner: 'First the artist'</div><div><div>Robert Boyle SJ: 'First of all the artificer'</div><div>Brendan O'Hehir and John M Dillon: 'In the beginning the maker'</div><div><div>Robert J Schork: 'First of all the Master Maker'</div></div><div>Danis Rose and John O'Hanlon: 'In the beginning the master magician'</div><div>Anonymous Latin scholar on Reddit: 'First, the artist'</div><div>Google translate: 'First, the workman'</div></div><div>ChatGBT: 'First, the Creator<b>'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Opifex means the maker of a work, from opus (work) and facere (to make), so it could be 'artisan', 'artificer', 'maker' or 'artist'. Schork and Rose both go beyond this sense.</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: red;"><b>altus prosator</b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div>Tanner: <span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span>the eminent writer<span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span></div><div>Boyle 'the old father'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'The High Ancestor'</div><div><div>Schork: 'the Exalted Seedsower'</div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'arch artificer'</div><div>Reddit: 'the high first-sower'</div><div>Google: 'a tall proselyte'</div></div><div>ChatGBT: 'the lofty Progenitor'<b> </b></div><div>Shaun translates this as 'highly prosy'</div><div><br /></div><div>'Altus Prosator', meaning 'high first sower', is the opening line of a 7th century <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiberno-Latin#Altus_Prosator">Hiberno-Latin hymn attributed to Saint Columba.</a> It was a newly invented phrase, to describe God. This is typical of the linguistic inventiveness of Hiberno-Latin. <br /><br /><b>Altus prosator, vetustus<br />dierum et ingenitus<br />erat absque origine<br />primordii et crepidine<br />est et erit in sæcula<br />sæculorum infinita</b><br /><br />(<i>High first sower, Ancient of Days, and unbegotten, who was without origin at the beginning and foundation, who was and shall be in infinite ages of age</i>)<br /><br />But, since the Renaissance, 'prosator' has also meant prose writer. Imagine how delighted Joyce must have been to find a Latin title for God that also meant this!</div><div><br /><b>'The artist, like the God of the creation, remains within or behind or beyond or above his handiwork...'</b><br /><br /><i>A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man</i><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Robert Boyle's version has a nice echo of the final lines of <i>A Portrait</i>, which Stephen addresses to his namesake, Daedalus:<br /><br /><b>'Old father, old artificer, stand me now and ever in good stead.'</b></div><div><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: red;"><b>ad terram viviparam et cunctipotentem</b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div>Tanner: <span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span>to the life-giving and all-powerful earth<span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span></div><div>Boyle 'to the viviparous and all-powerful land'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'to the life-bearing and all powerful earth'</div><div><div>Schork: 'to the life-giving and all-powerful earth'</div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'to the fecund and pollent earth of his lair'</div><div>Reddit: 'towards the life-giving and all-powerful earth'</div><div>Google translate: 'to the living and powerful earth'</div></div><div>ChatGBT: 'approached the viviparous earth and the omnipotent one.'</div><div><br /></div><div>'Viviparous' means bearing live young. 'Cunctipotens' (all powerful) is a word associated with God in the Latin Gregorian chant 'Cunctipotens Genitor Deus' (all powerful Father God).</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCGTjoz74BHq7gpy0qBYrEd-egO2YWFcm0YHBX5DaD5zAzRk3wkizzoKRgolsHEH_yc8He1Alh0vQ_AYzpGnQ9S2_HXPVwn6j5V28F7u7CKJBUEDgx47gG68jajRApOrga_Tmz-q1IcjYGLWws3DxQ7C9EdN0hWHuJIoNohDNkCdULP1S_hQ-3iSU/s534/cunctipotens.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="117" data-original-width="534" height="88" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCGTjoz74BHq7gpy0qBYrEd-egO2YWFcm0YHBX5DaD5zAzRk3wkizzoKRgolsHEH_yc8He1Alh0vQ_AYzpGnQ9S2_HXPVwn6j5V28F7u7CKJBUEDgx47gG68jajRApOrga_Tmz-q1IcjYGLWws3DxQ7C9EdN0hWHuJIoNohDNkCdULP1S_hQ-3iSU/w400-h88/cunctipotens.png" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>There's a contrast here with Shaun, who, as the ascetic St Kevin, cuts himself off from the earth by taking to a bathtub, on pages 605-6. </div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: red;"><b>sine ullo pudore nec venia</b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div>Tanner: <span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span>without any shame or apology<span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span></div><div>Boyle: 'without any shame and without permission (or, perhaps, pardon)'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'without any shame or mercy'</div><div><div>Schork: 'without any shame or anyone's by-my-leave'</div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'With neither shame nor gentleness'</div><div>Reddit: 'without any shame or pardon'</div><div>Google translate: 'without any shame or pardon'</div></div><div>ChatGBT: <b>'</b>without shame or pardon<b>' </b></div><div><br /></div><div>The ambiguous word here is 'venia', meaning '<a href="https://www.online-latin-dictionary.com/latin-english-dictionary.php?parola=venia">favour', 'kindness', 'pardon', 'invitation' and 'permission</a>'.</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: red;"><b>suscepto pluviali </b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div>Tanner: <span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span>pulled up his rain coat<span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span></div><div>Boyle: 'when he had donned a cope'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'having raised his rain-gear'<br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDLn7M5P2483j_qpQLyL52tg77yxWLCh6P466Elf73CidgkB9CKjhjgWGVhtyfeQ1wmNzYqn1SKJ610CxYGHAQjJqOnLOC5vvzdT-S9F0k3KkAlghY23mJPXnT11P84qLxf5shNbj_5r7IKfBXrlq5WksYzkxSavVlYBdKnmF0B0Wn5dKmb6J4jJM/s2738/cope.jpeg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2738" data-original-width="1100" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDLn7M5P2483j_qpQLyL52tg77yxWLCh6P466Elf73CidgkB9CKjhjgWGVhtyfeQ1wmNzYqn1SKJ610CxYGHAQjJqOnLOC5vvzdT-S9F0k3KkAlghY23mJPXnT11P84qLxf5shNbj_5r7IKfBXrlq5WksYzkxSavVlYBdKnmF0B0Wn5dKmb6J4jJM/s320/cope.jpeg" width="129" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Priest in a pluvial</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div>Schork: 'lifted up his raincoat'</div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'pulled up his raincoat'</div><div>Reddit: 'taking a raincoat'</div><div>Google: 'having received the rain'</div><div>ChatGBT: 'he wore a raincoat'</div><div><br /></div><div>'Suscepto' means 'taking up', which could apply to the act of lifting the coat or to wearing it in the first place.</div><div><br /></div>Boyle writes, '<b>To an ancient Roman, the word 'pluvial' conveyed the notion of 'of or belonging to rain, rainy.' In the course of time, the word came to mean 'raincoat, outer garment' and, in ecclesiastical contexts, 'cope' or 'chasuble'. Thus the word in the present context suggests rain which, as we shall see, is tied up with St Medard and Orion. Further the word invokes the activity of the priest. Stephen saw himself as 'a priest of the eternal imagination' and his work as artist as 'transmuting the daily bread of experience into the radiant body of everliving life.''</b></div><div><br /></div><div>My 'raincope' combines the raincoat and ecclesiastical cope.</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: red;"><b>atque discinctis perizomatis</b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div>Tanner: 'undid his trousers'<span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span></div><div>Boyle: 'and undone the girdles'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'and likewise having unfastened his underclothes'</div><div><div>Schork: 'unfastened his underpants'</div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon :'and dropped down his pants'</div><div>Reddit: 'unbuttoning his trousers' </div><div>Google:'torn his loincloth' </div></div><div>ChatGBT: 'and was loosely dressed'</div><div><div><br /></div><div>I like Schork's reading because it strikes me as funny.</div></div><div><br /></div><div>Perizoma, a Latin borrowing of the Greek word for a loincloth, is according to Boyle, 'most familiar in its use in the Vulgate for the 'coverings' which Adam and Eve made for themselves after the fall....In correct Latin the word should be perizomatibus'.</div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfXrqWMp_aNuXFlq0oA3kXB5ukqsVmEvix5_unAwRvap4LVc_JSFiq8Xyg5qSzjeS8h-5xvWjyF_vmgR49a_hRFbOah-shZCcI_Wwdd1dsmR4bZG4rOw27DdkDw0fRGn3o7FkY1sgaARZyvE1JfhcOd21Gj_fNrWzh8ylZ--tjfqy9lqn-UG0o-BE/s553/adam%20eve.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="553" data-original-width="546" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfXrqWMp_aNuXFlq0oA3kXB5ukqsVmEvix5_unAwRvap4LVc_JSFiq8Xyg5qSzjeS8h-5xvWjyF_vmgR49a_hRFbOah-shZCcI_Wwdd1dsmR4bZG4rOw27DdkDw0fRGn3o7FkY1sgaARZyvE1JfhcOd21Gj_fNrWzh8ylZ--tjfqy9lqn-UG0o-BE/s320/adam%20eve.png" width="316" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Adam and Eve on a Roman sarcophagus<br /><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div>It’s translated as ‘breeches’ in the 1577 Geneva Bible - the 'Breeches Bible'.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA2yt0-rWG0QctNfORR2qHedqYx2bXgt08LP4DuVuIKHPjiVchXd8W2_SNvGFTELf6myXIc2yPNMqHPkcrFD_X1NR0rePya4bAJCNk0GyelOJqwo9pCR8EXWaTAgnGuikJz4LijnZV5eDYiW0yAXTGBajJqr27oOttVhD5pyVX5olzgz8KttonMb4/s1032/1BF5C873-999F-4DDC-B9AA-C0E1FC4416BA.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="247" data-original-width="1032" height="77" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA2yt0-rWG0QctNfORR2qHedqYx2bXgt08LP4DuVuIKHPjiVchXd8W2_SNvGFTELf6myXIc2yPNMqHPkcrFD_X1NR0rePya4bAJCNk0GyelOJqwo9pCR8EXWaTAgnGuikJz4LijnZV5eDYiW0yAXTGBajJqr27oOttVhD5pyVX5olzgz8KttonMb4/s320/1BF5C873-999F-4DDC-B9AA-C0E1FC4416BA.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><span style="color: red;"><b>natibus nudis uti nati fuissent</b></span><div><span style="color: red;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div>Tanner: 'with his buttocks bare as they were born'</div><div><div>Boyle: 'with rump as bare as on the day of birth (literally: as bare as though it had been born)'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'with buttocks naked as they were born'</div><div>Schork: 'with buttocks as bare as the day they merged from the womb'</div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon leave this out</div><div>Reddit: 'his buttocks naked just as they were born'</div><div>Google misses the buttocks: 'as if they had been born naked'</div><div>ChatGBT: 'with his buttocks bare as if he were born that way'</div><div><i style="background-color: #ffcc00; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif;"><br /></i></div><div><span style="color: red;"><b>sese adpropinquans</b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div>Tanner: 'drew himself close to'</div><div>Boyle: 'approaching himself to'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'drawing himself nigh'</div><div><div>Schork: 'positioned himself close to'</div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'stooped...to'</div><div>Reddit: 'pulled himself to'</div><div>Google: 'drew near'</div></div><div>ChatGBT: 'he approached'</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: red;"><b>flens et gemens</b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>Tanner: <span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span>weeping and groaning'</div><div><div>Boyle: 'weeping and groaning'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'weeping and sighing'</div><div><div>Schork:'weeping and groaning'</div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'weeping and sighing' </div><div>Reddit: 'crying and moaning'</div><div>Google: 'weeping and groaning'</div></div><div>ChatGBT: 'weeping and moaning'</div><div>Shaun translates 'gemens' as 'sorry' (Joyce originally wrote 'groaning').</div><div><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div><div><div><b><span style="color: red;">in manum suam evacuavit </span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div>Tanner: <span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span>he relieved himself into his own hands'</div><div>Boyle: ‘defecated (literally: emptied) into his hand' </div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'evacuated into his hand'</div><div><div>Schork:'loosened his bowels into his hand' </div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'he evacuated into his cupped hands’</div><div>Reddit: 'evacuated his bowels into his own hand''</div><div>Google: 'emptied into his hand'</div></div><div>ChatGBT: 'and then he evacuated his bowels into his hand'</div><div>Shaun translates this as 'crap in his hand'.</div><div><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div><div><b><span style="color: red;">animale nigro exoneratus</span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Tanner: <span face="sans-serif" style="color: #202122;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">'</span></span>unburdened of the black beast' </div><div><div>Boyle: 'unburdened himself of the black living thing (or, possibly, of the black air)'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'disburdened of the black brute'</div><div><div>Schork: 'after he had been relieved of this dark blast' </div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon leave this out. </div><div>Reddit: 'relieved of the black animal'</div><div>Google: 'freed from the black animal'</div></div><div>Chat GBT: 'having relieved himself of the black animal'</div><div>Shaun mistranslates 'exoneratus' as 'asks to be exonerated'</div><div><br /></div><div>The Reddit scholar notes, 'Animale should be animali. Even Joyce, who had known Latin since he was 10 and whose knowledge of the language was supposedly unimpeachable, made mistakes!'</div><div><br /></div><div>Boyle writes, 'Shem has been relieved of something black and living, unless 'animale' here means air....The phrase may mean...that painful black gas has been voided with the faeces...the 'animale' instead of the expected 'animali' is puzzling and if taken seriously could yield a meaning like having been unburdened of a living thing which lives by a black thing.' </div><div><br /></div><div>This 'black animal' suggests an alchemical term, 'nigredo', blackness, an early stage of the alchemical process. </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9jZdBbxgMfSsUWkGCKpfRwzF7zrQY3lrqLZ0insk9Y8l9_8u3iG6WdCEqfrHEuRcm9pZe8seVuF05IiAH4koVPWbKjhPQwwwAWeA08jUw2Yt6dGTqEWE0IVWPIlny8EdzwP1aZ2QfT-tqvq5fcfz4z3YbJ2oblCZyCIGAz78tVnwjvjSKDKpun-c/s530/nigredo.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="452" data-original-width="530" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9jZdBbxgMfSsUWkGCKpfRwzF7zrQY3lrqLZ0insk9Y8l9_8u3iG6WdCEqfrHEuRcm9pZe8seVuF05IiAH4koVPWbKjhPQwwwAWeA08jUw2Yt6dGTqEWE0IVWPIlny8EdzwP1aZ2QfT-tqvq5fcfz4z3YbJ2oblCZyCIGAz78tVnwjvjSKDKpun-c/s320/nigredo.png" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;">classicum pulsans</span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div>Tanner: <span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span>and sounding a trumpet'</div><div>Boyle: 'while he beat out his battlesignal'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'sounding a trumpet call'</div><div><div>Schork:'and was trumpeting a call to action'</div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon leave this out.</div><div>Reddit: 'he sounded the trumpet '</div><div>Google: 'beating the classic'</div></div><div>ChatGBT: 'he sounded a trumpet'</div><br />'The classicum, which is a particular sound of the buccina or horn, is appropriated to the commander-in-chief and is used in the presence of the general, or at the execution of a soldier, as a mark of its being done by his authority.'<br /><br />Vegetius, <i>De Re Militari</i></div><div><i><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj39rKjopAhN-GAMYjaXwQf9MA0gL8wxsjSA7beu-Rl-sEPIVXVQwRmWc_tYOsES10yR8QvK7G6DDJIzh_oM3Za4e7NO1TgxO1UQKP3Nkquc3iRwT0G-RvsWd_yt-dTRAJyYQ8_A0K7mgKE4vat6_R35I4-3kNnz6cXlcH8ckruRGmf2-oOda_0VNU/s912/buccina.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="826" data-original-width="912" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj39rKjopAhN-GAMYjaXwQf9MA0gL8wxsjSA7beu-Rl-sEPIVXVQwRmWc_tYOsES10yR8QvK7G6DDJIzh_oM3Za4e7NO1TgxO1UQKP3Nkquc3iRwT0G-RvsWd_yt-dTRAJyYQ8_A0K7mgKE4vat6_R35I4-3kNnz6cXlcH8ckruRGmf2-oOda_0VNU/w269-h244/buccina.png" width="269" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Roman soldier blowing a buccina</span></td></tr></tbody></table></i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div>'Pulsans' means striking or plucking, so we have a trumpet call being plucked. </div><div><br /></div><div>Trumpeting fits the farting sense.</div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: red;">stercus proprium</span></b></div><div><br /></div><div>Tanner: 'he put his own dung'</div><div>Boyle: 'he placed his own faeces'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'his own dung'</div><div>Schork: 'he deposited his own shit'</div><div>Rose and O"Hanlon leave this out.</div><div>Reddit: 'placed his own shit'</div><div>Google: 'his own dung'</div><div>ChatGBT: 'and placed his own excrement'</div><div><br /></div><div>Four translators add a verb, missing in the Latin (<i>placed, put, deposited</i>).</div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: red;">quod appellavit deiectiones suas</span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div>Tanner: 'which he called his 'downcastings"</div><div>Boyle: 'which he entitled his 'purge' (possibly: the sinking of his star)'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'that he called his purgings'</div><div><div>Schork: 'that is what he terms his droppings' </div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'which he christened Katharsis' ' </div><div>Reddit: 'which he called ‘his dejections’’</div><div>Google: 'which he called his dejections'</div></div><div>ChatGBT: 'which he called his waste'</div><div>Shaun mistranslates this as 'says he was dejected'</div><div><br /></div><div>I like 'dejections' because it goes with the weeping and groaning.</div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: red;">in vas olim honorabile tristitiae posuit</span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh303ZOAf3CYTGve9cbtFIO4cWEYZqfGW4riRouflxoAByiYbzQqZlrzqOi3ifklQn6wGmv1C-FjPoU4cUh5PVIU2ABJ-PwK6EnC7t3KldaFdqOzukrBdY8tU3is2wzXIMG0ukIUui_oDwNotpR9LSuT-LlugaDnHrag96pKNImzWPtiI-IocbX8V8/s483/urn.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="483" data-original-width="322" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh303ZOAf3CYTGve9cbtFIO4cWEYZqfGW4riRouflxoAByiYbzQqZlrzqOi3ifklQn6wGmv1C-FjPoU4cUh5PVIU2ABJ-PwK6EnC7t3KldaFdqOzukrBdY8tU3is2wzXIMG0ukIUui_oDwNotpR9LSuT-LlugaDnHrag96pKNImzWPtiI-IocbX8V8/s320/urn.png" width="213" /></a></div>Tanner: 'into an urn once used as an honoured mark of mourning'</div><div>Boyle: 'in a once honourable vessel of sadness (or, once procuring honor for sadness)' </div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon:'in a once honourable vessel of sadness'</div><div>Schork: 'into a receptacle which once was the respectable urn of grief'</div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'into a once-sacred chalice'</div><div>Reddit: 'into a receptacle which once was the respectable urn of grief'</div><div>Google: 'in the once honorable vessel of sadness'</div><div>ChatGBT: 'into a formerly honorable vessel of sadness'</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://gravelyspeaking.com/2011/03/30/draped-urn/">Urns are containers for cremated ashes and grave memorials</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div>Rose and O’Hanlon use ‘chalice’ to suggest Shem’s priestly function. The excrement will be turned into ink, like the wine into the blood of Christ. But they lose the sense of mourning.</div><div><br /></div><div>Fweet points out that 'vas honorabile' (vessel of honour) is an epithet of Mary in the Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary.</div><div><br /></div><div>Joyce is also referring to the 'one handled urn' in 'Gas from a Burner'. <br /></div><div><div><span style="color: red;"><br /><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="color: red;"><b>eodem sub invocatione fratrorum gemino-rum Medardi et Godardi </b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>The translators all agree that this means 'invoking the twin brothers Medard and Godard'. These two were French saints who, according to Roman Catholic Martyrology, were born on the same day, made bishops on the same day, and died on the same day. <a href="https://www.thepathtosainthood.com/post/saint-medard">Medard was a saint responsible for weather and rain</a> (and so invoked to help Shem piss?). Shem and Shaun are also twins.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrghrbkZIo-woOfXGHcj41Fn1VJzsEn2zc6OPzIWXXShAduOItpXKX3R_uE2BlPMmDjKwev0tgi1xS9ilwta35vRd3ad32kpREKbEuZPmaH0D7mFq3eAVtVLqOmTWSga3szxwS5iOmdpE/s1600/st+medard.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrghrbkZIo-woOfXGHcj41Fn1VJzsEn2zc6OPzIWXXShAduOItpXKX3R_uE2BlPMmDjKwev0tgi1xS9ilwta35vRd3ad32kpREKbEuZPmaH0D7mFq3eAVtVLqOmTWSga3szxwS5iOmdpE/s400/st+medard.png" /></a><br /><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: red;">laete ac melliflue minxit</span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Tanner: <span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span>passed water into it happily and mellifluously'<span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span></div><div><div>Boyle: 'he pissed happily and melodiously'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'joyfully and mellifluously (honey-flowingly) he pissed'</div><div><div>Schork: 'he joyfully and mellifluously pissed'</div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'cheerfully and mellifluously pissed'</div><div>Reddit: 'pissed cheerfully and mellifluously therein'</div><div>Google: 'joyfully and sweetly mixed'</div></div><div>ChatGBT: 'he joyfully and melodiously urinated'</div><div>Shaun has 'did a piss'.</div><div><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div><div><b><span style="color: red;">psalmum qui incipit: Lingua mea calamus scribae velociter scribentis: magna voce cantitans</span></b></div><div><br /></div><div>Tanner: <span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span>while chanting in a loud voice the psalm which begins: 'My tongue is the pen of a scribe writing swiftly'<span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span></div><div><div>Boyle: 'continuously singing with a loud voice the psalm which begins, 'My tongue is the reed of a scribe swiftly writing.''</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'chanting in a loud voice the psalm that begins, 'My tongue is the pen of a scribe writing swiftly''</div><div><div>Schork: 'while chanting in a loud voice the Psalm which begins 'My Tongue is the Pen of a Scribe who Writes Speedily''</div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'while chanting meanwhile in a loud voice the psalm which goeth, My tongue is the quill of a scribe that writeth swiftly'</div><div>Reddit: 'whilst singing with a great voice the psalm which begins thus: "My tongue is the pen of a scribe rapidly writing."</div><div>Google gets this wrong again: 'he joyfully and sweetly mixed the psalm which begins: My tongue is the scribe's pen writing quickly: singing with a loud voice'</div></div><div>Chat GBT: 'while singing the psalm that begins, 'My tongue is the pen of a swift writer.'<br /><br />This is Psalm 45. Like the printer in 'Gas from a Burner', Shem is singing a psalm.</div><br /><b><span style="color: red;">demum ex stercore turpi cum divi Orionis iucunditate mixto</span></b></div><div><br /></div><div><div>Tanner: <span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span>from the foul dung mixed, as I have said, with the "sweetness of Orion"' <span face="sans-serif" style="caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">'</span></div><div>Boyle: 'from the vile crap mixed with the pleasantness of the divine Orion'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'out of the foul dung mixed with the good offices of divine Orion'</div><div><div>Schork: 'from the foul crap that had been mixed with the sweet essence of godlike Orion'</div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'from a compost of this dung and urine'</div><div>Reddit: 'from that foul shit mixed with the jocundity of the divine Orion'</div><div>Google: 'from the foul dung mixed with the goodness of the god Orion’</div></div><div>ChatGBT: 'Finally, after mixing the disgusting feces with the enjoyable fragrance of the divine Orion'</div><div>Shaun takes Orion to be an Irish name: ‘O’Ryan’s’</div><div><br /></div><div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM4RsMuXhQ0AO30ydh-Rb4ttRXLagmc5T01W2_HG3DI_YHgcVPUzDO3iLzxf0LWAYvBiyOb05vp7I50xPDs59hT0dL-EexlacLouvenOLpGvpwvT4liSxjPWe5MAGF3d5Sh25MZ9SaoXdspkreMZGTJJByXIeO26_qhk5Ij3W6RxC3Mvue2kKP4MA/s581/orion.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="581" data-original-width="412" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM4RsMuXhQ0AO30ydh-Rb4ttRXLagmc5T01W2_HG3DI_YHgcVPUzDO3iLzxf0LWAYvBiyOb05vp7I50xPDs59hT0dL-EexlacLouvenOLpGvpwvT4liSxjPWe5MAGF3d5Sh25MZ9SaoXdspkreMZGTJJByXIeO26_qhk5Ij3W6RxC3Mvue2kKP4MA/s320/orion.png" width="227" /></a></div><div><br />Orion was born after Zeus, Poseidon and Hermes urinated on a bull-hide and buried it in the earth to give King Hyrieus a son. Orion's name may be from ourios (urine). 'Orina' is also Latin for urine. </div><br />Boyle says that Orion was closely connected with rain. Tanner writes, 'Orion was commonly called <i>nimbosus</i> (of the rain-cloud), <i>imbrifer</i> (rain-bearing), or <i>aquosus</i> (watery)'.<div><br /></div><div>Shem's dung, which he creates while crying and moaning, represents his dejections/ suffering. His urine (the divine Orion) stands for his joys in creation. The artist needs both to create perhaps.</div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: red;">cocto, frigorique exposito, </span></b></div><div><br /></div><div>Tanner: 'baked and then exposed to the cold'</div><div><div>Boyle: 'after the mixture had been cooked and exposed to the cold'</div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'cooked and exposed to the cold'</div><div><div>Schork: 'and baked and exposed to the cold'</div></div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'cooked and exposed to chill'</div><div>Reddit: 'cooked and exposed to the cold'</div><div>Google: 'having received the rain'</div></div><div>Chat GBT: 'by cooking and exposing it to the cold'</div><div><br /></div><div>Heating and cooling is an alchemical process.</div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: red;">encaustum sibi fecit indelibile </span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Tanner: 'he made himself an indelible ink'</div><div>Boyle: 'he made for himself imperishable ink' </div><div>O'Hehir and Dillon: 'he made indelible ink for himself'</div><div>Schork: 'he created indelible ink for himselft'</div><div>Rose and O'Hanlon: 'he distilled an indelible ink'</div><div>Reddit: 'he made for himself an indelible ink'</div><div>Google: 'he made an indelible ink for himself'</div>Chat GBT: 'he made for himself an indelible ink'</div><div>Shaun’s mistranslation: 'faked…the indelible ink<b>'</b><br /><div><br /></div><div>The ink is 'indelible', because Joyce believed that his writing would last for ever. He is 'transmuting the daily bread of experience into the radiant body of<b> everliving life'</b>, and<b> </b>creating 'each word that would not pass away' 186.06</div><div><br /></div><h4>GODFREY TANNER</h4></div><div><br /></div><div><div>The passage was first translated by Godfrey Tanner in <i>A Wake Newslitter</i>, in February 1966. You can download<a href="https://www.riverrun.org.uk/joycetools.html"> this, and all the other Newslitters, at Joycetools</a>. Republished by Roland McHugh in<i> Annotations to Finnegans Wake</i>, and online in <a href="http://www.fweet.org/cgi-bin/fw_grep.cgi?r=1&f=100&b=1&i=1&o=1&s=%5E185">fweet</a>, it is the most familiar version:</div><div><br /><b>'First the artist, the eminent writer, without any shame or apology, pulled up his rain coat and undid his trousers and then drew himself close to the life-giving and all-powerful earth, with his buttocks bare as they were born. Weeping and groaning he relieved himself into his own hands. Then, unburdened of the black beast, and sounding a trumpet, he put his own dung, which he called his "downcastings", into an urn once used as an honoured mark of mourning. With an invocation to the twin brethren Medard and Godard he then passed water into it happily and mellifluously, while chanting in a loud voice the psalm which begins: "My tongue is the pen of a scribe writing swiftly". Finally, from the foul dung mixed, as I have said, with the "sweetness of Orion", and baked and then exposed to the cold, he made himself an indelible ink'</b></div></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Godfrey Tanner, like Clive Hart, the Newslitter editor, was an Australian who studied at Cambridge, and had his academic career in England. He was emeritus professor of classics at Newcastle University, and was so popular with his students that they named a bar after him. </div><div><br /></div><div><iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/mmQuIRudcOY" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mmQuIRudcOY/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><div>It's nice that he translates 'animale' as 'beast', because this was his nickname:</div><div><br /></div><b>'No longer does "The Beast" stroll the streets of Newcastle. Never again will the mercurial scholar baptise a rugby field or rowing shed with a spray of Toohey's New and a splash of Latin verse. No more will Newcastle shopkeepers hear a timely gem from Aristotle or Tacitus when they pass back the change.'</b><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/charming-beast-taught-old-to-young-20020914-gdfmrq.html">'Charming Beast taught old to young', Sydney Morning Herald, 14 September 2002</a></div><div><br /></div><div><h4 style="text-align: left;">FATHER ROBERT BOYLE SJ</h4><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Later the same year, Father Robert Boyle SJ published a second version in 'Finnegans Wake page 185: An Explication', in the<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25486603?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents"> James Joyce Quarterly</a>, Fall 1966:</div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilPiQtY7CkOkEoBX15H5kSbTy2xxHfmNz3vT9Gxjkcdz5JaGpSTQhTUcCl8z2KXBQzkg936uzalsxU_bmjtl2iIt3yAPAeS-GU5JMOTxIkuuxfK-ALtOp7bD3EC9ssMFgzb26QEARdk4m7bss-qYoe-B-5gQpc0Gtl2K3QGG19Tn0Zq20pfaqcBhA/s2039/978A04A0-B5BF-4C22-8F64-270229745978.jpeg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2039" data-original-width="1247" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilPiQtY7CkOkEoBX15H5kSbTy2xxHfmNz3vT9Gxjkcdz5JaGpSTQhTUcCl8z2KXBQzkg936uzalsxU_bmjtl2iIt3yAPAeS-GU5JMOTxIkuuxfK-ALtOp7bD3EC9ssMFgzb26QEARdk4m7bss-qYoe-B-5gQpc0Gtl2K3QGG19Tn0Zq20pfaqcBhA/s320/978A04A0-B5BF-4C22-8F64-270229745978.jpeg" width="196" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">From Fritz Senn’s Joycean Murmoirs</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><b>First of all the artificer, the old father, without any shame and without permission (or, perhaps, pardon), when he had donned a cope and undone the girdles, with rump as bare as on the day of birth (literally: as bare as though it had been born), approaching himself to the viviparous and all-powerful land, weeping and groaning the while, defecated (literally: emptied) into his hand; and, secondly, having unburdened himself of the black living thing (or, possibly, of the black air), while he beat out his battlesignal, he placed his own faeces, which he entitled his "purge" (possibly: the sinking of his star), in a once honourable vessel of sadness (or, once procuring honor for sadness), and into the same, under the invocation of the twin brothers, Medardus and Godardus, he pissed happily and melodiously, continuously singing with a loud voice the psalm which begins, "My tongue is the reed of a scribe swiftly writing." Finally, from the vile crap mixed with the pleasantness of the divine Orion, after the mixture had been cooked and exposed to the cold, he made for himself imperishable ink.</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Boyle was an American Jesuit priest who taught at Marquette University in Milwaukee. I saw him speaking at a panel on <i>Finnegans Wake</i> in Dublin on Joyce's centenary in 1982. A flamboyant character with a big red beard, he looked like a cross between Mr Natural and a member of the Grateful Dead. He also had a parrot which he taught to quote passages from <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. According to Fritz Senn, in <i>Joycean Murmoirs</i>, Boyle once said that 'all his life he had been trying to reform the Society of Jesus in the light of the writings of James Joyce.' </div><div><br /></div><div>It's worth reading his whole article, which picks out the priestly aspects of the text. He developed the theme later in <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25487023?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">'Miracle in Black Ink: A glance at Joyce’s use of his Eucharistic image' </a>in the JJQ in 1972.</div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">A CLASSICAL LEXICON</h4><div><br /></div><div>The third translation was in 1977, in Brendan O'Hehir and John M Dillon's <i>A</i> <i>Classical Lexicon to Finnegans Wake</i>, which <a href="https://archive.org/details/AClassicalLexiconToFinnegansWake/page/n173/mode/2up">is online here</a>. Both were teaching classics at the time in Berkeley, California. O'Hehir was an Irish American, educated in Dublin, who had previously written <i>A</i> <i>Gaelic Lexicon to Finnegans Wake.</i> <a href="https://www.tcd.ie/classics/people/john-dillon.php">Dillon is an Irish classicist</a>, whose main interest is Plato and Platonism. After Berkeley, he became Regius Professor of Greek at Trinity College Dublin, where he founded the Dublin <a href="https://www.dublinplatocentre.ie/about">Plato Centre</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz2_DsB5yOOf4rG74thnVOeKsoBt_3-KouUJruyLhL0Ucp5PO17n5TIPEUocSxJEwlWrnm5N0tw5tKEdgZdv9B_H9Sl1LzR97t8vz6d33NI_yud4qljUd2wNN2ClPD-qqERwFQIrZAk6v6BiSufphBFrTnDytEGo4acXL3Ml8q5th6-jVhB1qAE6s/s538/classical.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="538" data-original-width="402" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz2_DsB5yOOf4rG74thnVOeKsoBt_3-KouUJruyLhL0Ucp5PO17n5TIPEUocSxJEwlWrnm5N0tw5tKEdgZdv9B_H9Sl1LzR97t8vz6d33NI_yud4qljUd2wNN2ClPD-qqERwFQIrZAk6v6BiSufphBFrTnDytEGo4acXL3Ml8q5th6-jVhB1qAE6s/w299-h400/classical.png" width="299" /></a></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxKPa82BAd7tySgH5EBKYfd3TgujGro4bQKGYP572OX2LB-kgGNHOPLb3jjVmq1au4IJwFxtZcM4_UaR2VIbJ-Olk-JR_MWaN8IhLpUW-b4vCU6EE_bZ1ZByF-y-kt0YaEdXdiLZ3n2xyMwjAoUKo_ORdJh5sNrP9TdWGWV3CNeW0FZmc5NVCuB9I/s536/classical2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="536" data-original-width="435" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxKPa82BAd7tySgH5EBKYfd3TgujGro4bQKGYP572OX2LB-kgGNHOPLb3jjVmq1au4IJwFxtZcM4_UaR2VIbJ-Olk-JR_MWaN8IhLpUW-b4vCU6EE_bZ1ZByF-y-kt0YaEdXdiLZ3n2xyMwjAoUKo_ORdJh5sNrP9TdWGWV3CNeW0FZmc5NVCuB9I/w325-h400/classical2.png" width="325" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><h4 style="text-align: left;">R J SCHORK</h4><br /></div><div>Here's the fourth translation, from R.J.Schork's <i>Latin and Roman Culture in Joyce</i>, 1997. Like Tanner's, <a href="http://www.fweet.org/cgi-bin/fw_grep.cgi?r=1&f=100&b=1&i=1&o=1&s=%5E185">it's posted in fweet</a>:<br /><br /><b>'First of all the Master Maker, the Exalted Seedsower, who positioned himself close to the life-giving and all-powerful earth with buttocks as bare as the day they merged from the womb, lifted up his raincoat and unfastened his underpants, weeping and groaning, but without any shame or anyone's by-my-leave, and loosened his bowels into his hand; next, after he had been relieved of this dark blast and was trumpeting a call to action, he deposited his own shit (that is what he terms his droppings) into a receptacle which once was the respectable urn of grief; then, into that same urn, with an invocation to the twin brothers Medardus and Godardus, he joyfully and mellifluously pissed, while chanting in a loud voice the Psalm which begins "My Tongue is the Pen of a Scribe who Writes Speedily"; finally, from the foul crap that had been mixed with the sweet essence of godlike Orion, and baked and exposed to the cold, he created indelible ink for himself'</b><br /><br />Schork is the only translator following Joyce's single long sentence, though he has used one semicolon to break it up. This is a good solution - <i>Finnegans Wake</i> is full of semicolons.</div><div><br /></div><div>He's professor emeritus of classics at the University of Massachusetts-Boston, with a special interest in Roman Egypt. He's also a genetic critic, and contributed a chapter to <i>How Joyce Wrote Finnegans Wake</i>, where his biography says you can catch him lecturing on a Mediterranean cruise!</div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">REDDIT</h4><div><br /></div><div>The next one was posted in 2016, by an anonymous <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/latin/comments/4wj9l7/til_theres_100_intelligible_latin_in_finnegans/">Latin scholar on Reddit</a>, who wittily comments 'I was really surprised to discover that there's a short paragraph in 100% comprehensible Latin in the middle of Book 1 Episode 7 which is really surprising, since otherwise 99.9% of the book is basically gibberish':<br /><b><br />'First, the artist, the high first-sower, pulled himself towards the life-giving and all-powerful earth without any shame or pardon, and taking a raincoat and unbuttoning his trousers, his buttocks naked just as they were born, crying and moaning, evacuated his bowels into his own hand. Afterwards, relieved of the black animal, he sounded the trumpet and placed his own shit, which he called "his dejections," into a once-honorable vessel of sadness, and under the invocation of the twin brothers Medard and Godard pissed cheerfully and mellifluously therein, whilst singing with a great voice the psalm which begins thus: "My tongue is the pen of a scribe rapidly writing." Finally, from that foul shit mixed with the jocundity of the divine Orion, cooked and exposed to the cold, he made for himself an indelible ink.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Does anyone know the identity of this scholar?</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>DANIS ROSE AND JOHN O'HANLON</b></div><div><br /></div><div>In 2018, Danis Rose and John O'Hanlon provided a free paraphrase, leaving out some of Joyce's phrases and adding new ones of their own, in the <a href="https://jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/FF/app/chkg.htm">Digital Archive's Chicken Guide</a>:<br /><br /><b>'In the beginning the master magician and arch-artificer pulled up his raincoat and dropped down his pants, stooped weeping and sighing to the fecund and pollent earth of his lair. With neither shame nor gentleness he evacuated into his cupped hands a turd which he christened Katharsis and in the same spot, invoking the twin brothers Medard and Godard, cheerfully and mellifluously pissed into a once-sacred chalice while chanting meanwhile in a loud voice the psalm which goeth, My tongue is the quill of a scribe that writeth swiftly. From a compost of this dung and urine, intermingled, cooked and exposed to chill, he distilled an indelible ink.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Their digital archive also provides the earliest version of the text, which developed <a href="https://jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/g/g10d.htm">from this passage</a>:</div><div><br /></div><b>'boycotted, local publican refuse to supply books, paper, synthetic ink, foolscap, makes his own from dried dung sweetened with spittle (indelible ink) writes universal history on his own body (parchment)'</b><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">GOOGLE TRANSLATE</h4><div><br /></div><div>Google translate instantly gave me this version:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'First, the workman, a tall proselyte, to the living and powerful earth without any shame or </b><b>pardon, having received the rain and torn his loincloth, as if they had been born naked, drew near, weeping and groaning, emptied into his hand (highly prosy, crap in his hand, sorry !), afterwards, freed from the black animal, beating the classic, his own dung, which he called his dejections, he placed in the once honorable vessel of sadness, and under the same invocation of the twin brothers Medard and Godard, he joyfully and sweetly mixed the psalm which begins: My tongue is the scribe's pen writing quickly: singing with a loud voice (did a piss, says he was dejected, asks to be exonerated), finally, from the foul dung mixed with the goodness of the god Orion, cooked, exposed to cold, he made an indelible ink for himself (faked O'Ryan's, the indelible ink).'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>So this keeps Joyce's single sentence, but garbles the meaning.</div><div><br /></div><div>It's astonishing how Google translate has improved in recent years. I remember when it made no attempt to create meaningful sentences.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieDLM4TjfbJ3xXIKe6JJ2eYEvoX4DEM3m1R0KoYQFLQV0HVN6OFC1hafP5Ojze4gYuojR4Rv5kequ4YUADvbBaEoeSVau29Rc80U61hSfzBaXoQmCrHRVCSkrrKcY6YH4SlYY6muyiU4pG936kVsO8bX7nT4XFf4tsh6YynVwoiOTLaHqBn7rkORc/s533/google.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><b>Chat GBT</b></h4><div><b><br /></b></div><div>My friend Gavan Kennedy asked ChatGBT to translate the passage, and this was the astonishing result:</div><div><br /></div><b>‘Here is a translation of the passage:</b></div><div><b><br />'First, the Creator, the lofty Progenitor, without shame or pardon, approached the viviparous earth and the omnipotent one. He wore a raincoat and was loosely dressed, with his buttocks bare as if he were born that way. He approached weeping and moaning, and then he evacuated his bowels into his hand (sorry, highly prosy and crappy!), and afterwards, having relieved himself of the black animal, he sounded a trumpet and placed his own excrement, which he called his waste, into a formerly honorable vessel of sadness. Under the invocation of the twin brothers Medard and Godard, he joyfully and melodiously urinated while singing the psalm that begins, 'My tongue is the pen of a swift writer.' (He says he was dejected, did a piss, and asks to be exonerated.) Finally, after mixing the disgusting feces with the enjoyable fragrance of the divine Orion, he made for himself an indelible ink by cooking and exposing it to the cold.'</b></div><div><br /><b>It's worth noting that this passage from Finnegans Wake is known for its playful and nonsensical use of Latin and should not be taken too seriously as a work of accurate Latin grammar or vocabulary.’</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv7a9zplKFoH_a5OU0nhu2eSLQSMcsu_3r9C0Uz5SVzGVnkV7oT69zAFwTimd1p0tacOFZV5lVPchsLJOpmxQ3MKTTXWvB96DiUVQN9kMpLh8quZVCUigg9rmRbt3MYWnJHjs8aj6RT7RCIHIldxMwnFBYtXUG2yCwuRu87oNC4oNxtrkDp9YdXpI/s862/robots.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="651" data-original-width="862" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv7a9zplKFoH_a5OU0nhu2eSLQSMcsu_3r9C0Uz5SVzGVnkV7oT69zAFwTimd1p0tacOFZV5lVPchsLJOpmxQ3MKTTXWvB96DiUVQN9kMpLh8quZVCUigg9rmRbt3MYWnJHjs8aj6RT7RCIHIldxMwnFBYtXUG2yCwuRu87oNC4oNxtrkDp9YdXpI/s320/robots.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Translators of the future (by Lisa)</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>So ChatGBT is much better than google translate - and it even has an opinion on Joyce's use of Latin! But why did it change 'crap in his hand' to 'crappy!'?<br /><div><br /></div><div>Why not make up your own translation?</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div><br /><br /></div></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-81834081123451430692022-12-24T07:58:00.022+00:002023-01-03T19:54:38.580+00:00James Joyce's Christmas Eve, 1904<p>Today is Christmas Eve, which is also the title of a little known story that James Joyce wrote in late October-November 1904, intending to include it in his collection <i>Dubliners</i>. This was his third short story, following 'The Sisters' and 'Eveline', both published in the<i> Irish Homestead</i> in 1904.</p><p>Though 'Christmas Eve' was discarded by Joyce, the manuscript was kept by his brother Stanislaus. This facsimile was published by the textual scholar <a href="https://www.amphilsoc.org/sites/default/files/2018-03/attachments/Litz.pdf">Alfred Walton Litz</a>, in <i>Dubliners: A Facsimile of Drafts & Manuscripts</i>, Garland Press, 1978. I made this photocopy of it more than forty years ago. </p><p>This is how Alfred Walton Litz describes the story in his introduction:</p><div><b>'In late October 1904 he began 'Christmas Eve.' What he wrote of it has been preserved in fragmentary fair copy manuscript, but he left the story in an unfinished state and recast it as, or replaced it by, 'Hallow Eve'.'</b><b> </b> </div><div><br /></div><div>This dating makes the story the first thing that James Joyce wrote after leaving Dublin with Nora Barnacle. He must have begun <a href="https://jjda.ie/main/JJDA/U/FF/ubiog/puadd.htm">this in Trieste</a>, while unemployed and living out of a suitcase, before moving to Pola at the end of the month. In his mind, he was still thinking of Dublin.</div><div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVe3CqAcB-xbNIlPXWp3S40JQK7Ki6J5N1246mVEzA_cGCtW54nVXobMu_ayzU981jQkQ4B3BQOiT3CeiHp_4af3_tyCQg53-Gg0WIQqEnSxDLun3L7yq_tm-aWLdDzr3X7lAYCkl3KOl0HXq5a8xFcHlg0WlvWcPNJfWBE28TD8LInDu1efLBUFQ/s3155/DSC_0002.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3155" data-original-width="2369" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVe3CqAcB-xbNIlPXWp3S40JQK7Ki6J5N1246mVEzA_cGCtW54nVXobMu_ayzU981jQkQ4B3BQOiT3CeiHp_4af3_tyCQg53-Gg0WIQqEnSxDLun3L7yq_tm-aWLdDzr3X7lAYCkl3KOl0HXq5a8xFcHlg0WlvWcPNJfWBE28TD8LInDu1efLBUFQ/w480-h640/DSC_0002.jpeg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTwwK2LoRa_UMAHdEnVSPIQpjIylLrXM3eVZUZh2q2Jh8O5b18K3Gt9BHJBgUR-6VjWbJv5gnrYQ0gcR47PJQCJlKrRsBEdrExMsuFwQQZ2aPkApsCdRJPjFJLjFX6F906yNliKA6s0XumFNuR9ItAk_ZX74CxbH1llW_YlfsVC6CFevSqwJvyTZQ/s2969/DSC_0003.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2969" data-original-width="2125" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTwwK2LoRa_UMAHdEnVSPIQpjIylLrXM3eVZUZh2q2Jh8O5b18K3Gt9BHJBgUR-6VjWbJv5gnrYQ0gcR47PJQCJlKrRsBEdrExMsuFwQQZ2aPkApsCdRJPjFJLjFX6F906yNliKA6s0XumFNuR9ItAk_ZX74CxbH1llW_YlfsVC6CFevSqwJvyTZQ/w458-h640/DSC_0003.jpeg" width="458" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJdxS12fbgL7Yh6j95y_XUWY7GMIuipIMyz1q1BroqwKWSyrZzSaH3R6md_RtUOwFfSDNUPtg3NsotKhlXzB7_ByL7FvOGM94ZiZdsGvI6xXdElkRjXAXVS1pwher5VIbfRzTevPU72uYLxwaXy3agCtFTnrGcj8Esq313u-JLZ-0BxdW62trMYHU/s3035/DSC_0004.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3035" data-original-width="2104" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJdxS12fbgL7Yh6j95y_XUWY7GMIuipIMyz1q1BroqwKWSyrZzSaH3R6md_RtUOwFfSDNUPtg3NsotKhlXzB7_ByL7FvOGM94ZiZdsGvI6xXdElkRjXAXVS1pwher5VIbfRzTevPU72uYLxwaXy3agCtFTnrGcj8Esq313u-JLZ-0BxdW62trMYHU/w444-h640/DSC_0004.jpeg" width="444" /></a></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwQHo8m27PVlZ8JkBZ-LUOgB-dWREm3dXP7qllRa-WcFGTKt2tgyzIrF2zlrW6SA59dTr5l0AMEQqMsPFbcMOJY9dAmahNL36g-LX8MKt0yzXEDHgy_ShouW_-29PlLTpCd6N3fZqT9CaS8W_JFvuSsqEb4jTSPZApk0tvdXyFWkOIpzva0tpF358/s3031/DSC_0005.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3031" data-original-width="2195" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwQHo8m27PVlZ8JkBZ-LUOgB-dWREm3dXP7qllRa-WcFGTKt2tgyzIrF2zlrW6SA59dTr5l0AMEQqMsPFbcMOJY9dAmahNL36g-LX8MKt0yzXEDHgy_ShouW_-29PlLTpCd6N3fZqT9CaS8W_JFvuSsqEb4jTSPZApk0tvdXyFWkOIpzva0tpF358/w464-h640/DSC_0005.jpeg" width="464" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br />Joyce's biographers don't talk about this story. John McCourt doesn't mention 'Christmas Eve' in <i>The Years of Bloom</i>, but says this of Joyce's first days in Trieste:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Despite the appalling uncertainty of these days, Joyce continued to write, with a stoic determination which would rarely leave him....He was starting his life on the continent with Nora as he intended to continue it. His writing, no matter what the turmoil around him, would always come first.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>John McCourt, <i>The Years of Bloom: James Joyce in Trieste 1904-1920</i>, Liliput Press, Dublin, 2000, p9-10.</div><div><br /></div><div>A little of that turmoil gets into the manuscript where, at the very top, you can see the paper has been used to add up sums of money.</div><div><br /></div><div>John Wyse Jackson and Bernard McGinley give some background to the story:<br /><p><b>'Clay...began life as 'Christmas Eve', in which the main characters were to include Mr Callanan, based on Joyce's uncle, William Murray, and his daughter – who bore the name Katsey both in real life and in the unfinished story. However Joyce recast the narrative, telling the tale from Maria's point of view, and using John Murray, William's brother, as the basis for the main character. This later version was originally called 'Hallow's Eve'.'</b></p><p>John Wyse Jackson and Bernard McGinley, <i>James Joyce's Dubliners: An Annotated Edition</i>, Sinclair-Stevenson, 1993.</p><p>In its style, 'Christmas Eve' fits <i>Dubliners</i> well, using what Hugh Kenner called the 'Uncle Charles Principle', in which the narrative idiom reflects the character's way of thinking and speaking. </p><p><span style="font-weight: 700;">'...he had met many friends. These friends had been very friendly...'</span></p><p>But unlike in most other <i>Dubliners </i>stories, where the protagonists are usually thwarted or trapped, nothing disturbs Mr Callanan's complacency. He is only limited by his lack of imagination. </p><p><b>'His mind was vacant. </b><b>He had calculated all his expenses and discovered that all had been done well within the margin.</b><b>'</b></p><p>Mr Callanan is a happily married man who drinks moderately (a daily pint in Swan's pub), whose seasonal shopping trip is a success (unlike Maria's in 'Clay') and who gets on well with his boss:</p><p><b>– He's not a bad sort after all if you know how to take him. But you mustn't rub him the wrong way.</b></p><p>That's the only part that Joyce reused when he wrote 'Clay':</p><b>'He told her all that went on in his office, repeating for her a smart answer which he had made to the manager. Maria did not understand why Joe laughed so much over the answer he had made but she said that the manager must have been a very overbearing person to deal with. Joe said he wasn't so bad when you knew how to take him, that he was a decent sort so long as you didn't rub him the wrong way.'</b><p>Joyce saw 'Christmas Eve' as an unsuccessful experiment, perhaps because of the lack of conflict in the story. He went on to write 'Counterparts', in which we meet a very different solicitor's clerk, an unhappily married alcoholic, who hates his work and can't help rubbing his boss the wrong way. Perhaps 'Christmas Eve' was recast as 'Counterparts' as well as 'Clay'?</p><p>By a twist of fate, the manuscript of 'Christmas Eve' is divided between the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale (<a href="https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/186517">pages 1,2 and 4</a>) and the <a href="https://rare.library.cornell.edu/the-cornell-joyce-collection/">Cornell Joyce Collection</a> (<a href="https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM04609.html#s1">page 3</a>). Thank you Alfred Walton Litz for reuniting the pages in print!</p><p>Wouldn't it make sense for Cornell to swap their lonely page for some other document in Yale's massive Joyce collection?</p><h4 style="text-align: left;">A JAMES JOYCE MISCELLANY</h4><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF1TYhuiWCESsMz4CDO8itFjL9Frl1R9aL4XLlOevhqPjX_2-gRNK6vXBrdu2Q28n18TXKup5iJ7kmjOQcLD6cwOaODW2AbQUCv9GmpjiAuPhhfS1pIZITqr8E-H_9kxAjooaWlEFxGjfG-rsP-WbjrMqBfbN20pI_Pf6fmM4dipSvbTRRsCvKSWE/s530/Screenshot%202022-12-27%20at%2018.10.46.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="338" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF1TYhuiWCESsMz4CDO8itFjL9Frl1R9aL4XLlOevhqPjX_2-gRNK6vXBrdu2Q28n18TXKup5iJ7kmjOQcLD6cwOaODW2AbQUCv9GmpjiAuPhhfS1pIZITqr8E-H_9kxAjooaWlEFxGjfG-rsP-WbjrMqBfbN20pI_Pf6fmM4dipSvbTRRsCvKSWE/s320/Screenshot%202022-12-27%20at%2018.10.46.png" width="204" /></a></div>After posting this, I learned from <a href="https://twitter.com/EmojiUlysses/status/1606986341706760193">joyceans ⱅ woke²</a> on Twitter that 'Christmas Eve' was published in 1962, in <i>A James Joyce Miscellany</i> edited by Marvin Magalaner. It was introduced by <a href="https://ead-pdfs.library.yale.edu/559.pdf">John J Slocum, who created the Joyce collection at Yal</a>e, and Herbert Cahoon, curator of the Morgan library. They say that Joyce tried to have the story published, and provide more information on its date:<p></p><b>'It is possible to date ''Christmas Eve" as having been
written in Trieste and Pola during the eventful months of
October and November, 1904. Joyce mentions it in letters
to his brother, Stanislaus, dated 31 October and 19 November, 1904, which are now in the Cornell University Library. In the second letter Joyce states, "I have written about
half of 'Xmas Eve'." Ellmann gives 19 January, 1905 as the
date for the completion of the story; on this day Joyce mailed
it to Stanislaus in Dublin. Upon the receipt of the story,
Stanislaus tried but failed to place it in <i>The Irish Homestead</i>
which had recently published three of the stories that were
part of Dubliners. He may also have tried to place it with
other periodicals. </b></div><div><b> At this writing, a complete manuscript of "Christmas
Eve" is not known to have survived nor has any portion of
a manuscript of "Clay." This incomplete fair copy of
"Christmas Eve" (and there may have been more of this
present narrative) was probably retained by Joyce and passed
into the keeping of Stanislaus, as did many of Joyce's manuscripts and books, when the Joyce family moved from Trieste to Paris in 1920.' </b> </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>You can read <i> <a href="https://archive.org/stream/jamesjoycemiscel00maga/jamesjoycemiscel00maga_djvu.txt">A James Joyce Miscellany</a></i><a href="https://archive.org/stream/jamesjoycemiscel00maga/jamesjoycemiscel00maga_djvu.txt"> online here</a>, but I've transcribed the text of the story below:</div><br /><br /><b>CHRISTMAS EVE </b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>Mr Callanan felt homely. There was a good fire burning
in the grate and he knew that it was cold outside. He had
been about town all day shopping with Mrs Callanan and
he had met many friends. These friends had been very
friendly, exchanging the compliments of the season, joking
with Mrs Callanan about her number of parcels, and pinching Katsey's cheek. Some said that Katsey was like her
mother but others said she was like her father — only better-
looking: she was a rather pretty child. The Callanans — that
is, the father and mother and Katsey and an awkward brother
named Charlie — had then gone into a cake-shop and taken
four cups of coffee. After that the turkey had been bought
and safely tucked under Mr Callanan's arm. As they were
making for their crowded tram Mr Callanan's 'boss' passed
and saluted. The salute was generously returned. </b></div><div><b> — That's the 'boss'. He saluted — did you see? — </b></div><div><b> — That man? — </b></div><div><b> — Ah, he's not a bad sort after all if you know how to
take him. But you mustn't rub him the wrong way. — </b></div><div><b> There was wood in the fire. Every Christmas Mr Callanan
got a present of a small load of wooden blocks from a friend
of his in a timber-yard near Ringsend. Christmas would not
have been Christmas without a wood-fire. Two of these
blocks were laid crosswise on the top of the fire and were
beginning to glow. The brave light of the fire lit up a small,
well-kept room with bees-waxed borders arranged cleanly
round a bright square carpet. The table in the middle of the
room had a shaded lamp upon it. The shade set obliquely
sprayed the light of the lamp upon one of the walls, revealing a gilt-framed picture of a curly-headed child in a nightdress playing with a collie. The picture was called ''Can't you
talk?" </b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ_xMrsp4kNuHihQJPcKSpsZk3viC1cS4iuREcd2JWJZFnFu6cnmidcZvF2Y65wtmLA6h5VDg49OTZZ32jhT01TDG5wJ8fGKArueOXmnJMzsznYEfQrFjh94rmjla25MY8T1K1it19DofnK9S5eky4hKYW0XQ1L8WmIOzx3KcgVuJAn9AgFR0B7Tc/s697/Screenshot%202023-01-03%20at%2019.37.36.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="496" data-original-width="697" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ_xMrsp4kNuHihQJPcKSpsZk3viC1cS4iuREcd2JWJZFnFu6cnmidcZvF2Y65wtmLA6h5VDg49OTZZ32jhT01TDG5wJ8fGKArueOXmnJMzsznYEfQrFjh94rmjla25MY8T1K1it19DofnK9S5eky4hKYW0XQ1L8WmIOzx3KcgVuJAn9AgFR0B7Tc/w400-h285/Screenshot%202023-01-03%20at%2019.37.36.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Noto Serif", serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: start;">A print of 'Can't you talk?' by George Augustus Holmes</span></td></tr></tbody></table><b><br /></b></div><div><b> Mr Callanan felt homely but he had himself a more descriptive phrase for his condition: he felt mellow. He was a
blunt figure as he sat in his arm-chair; short thick legs resting
together like block pipes, short thick arms hardly crossing
over his chest, and a heavy red face nestling upon all. His
scanty hair was deciding for grey and he looked a man who
had come near his comfortable winter as he blinked his blue
eyes thoughtfully at the burning blocks. His mind was vacant. He had calculated all his expenses and discovered that
all had been done well within the margin. This discovery had
resulted in a mood of general charity and in particular desire
for some fellow-spirit to share his happiness, some of his
old cronies, one of the right sort.
Someone might drop in: Hooper perhaps. Hooper and he
were friends from long ago and both had been many years
in the same profession. Hooper was a clerk in a solicitor's
office in Eustace St and Mr Callanan was a clerk in a
solicitor's office close by on Wellington Quay.* They used
often meet at Swan's public-house where each went every
day at lunch-time to get a fourpenny snack and a pint and
when they met they compared notes astutely for they were
legal rivals. But still they were friends and could forget the
profession for one night. Mr Callanan felt he would like
to hear Hooper's gruff voice call in at the door "Hello Tom!
How's the body?"
The kettle was put squatting on the fire to boil for punch
and soon began to puff. Mr Callanan stood up to fill his pipe
and while filling it he gave a few glances at Katsey who was
diligently stoning some raisins on a plate. Many people
thought she would turn out a nun but there could be no
harm in having her taught the typewriter; time enough after
the holidays. Mr Callanan began to toss the water from
tumbler to tumbler in a manner that suggested technical
difficulties and just at that moment Mrs Callanan came in
from the hall. </b></div><div><b> — Tom! here's Mr Hooper! — </b></div><div><b> — Bring him in! Bring him in! I wouldn't doubt you,
Paddy, when there's punch going </b><b>—</b></div><div><b> — I'm sure I'm in the way . . . busy night with you, Mrs
Callanan . . . — </b></div><div><b> — Not at all, Mr Hooper. You're as welcome as the flowers
in May. How is Mrs Hooper? </b></div><div><b> — Ah! we can't complain. Just a touch of the old trouble,
you know . . . indigestion — </b></div><div><b> — Nasty thing it is! She is quite strong otherwise? — </b></div><div><b> — O, yes, tip-top — </b></div><div><b> — Well, sit down, my hearty and make yourself at home — </b></div><div><b> — I'll try to, Tom — </b></div><div><br /></div><div><br />Do you think this is 'unfinished'? This ending feels like a satisfactory resolution to me.</div><div><br /></div><div>What might have happened in the rest of the story?</div><div><br /></div><div>*I looked up Wellington Quay in <i>Thom's 1904 Dublin Directory</i>, and found that lots of solicitors had their offices there, at number 13 and 21.</div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaMWqQ7rFjVeGZqQM8jMEoEUR5FzvdMFUPQLyUtpF9z-5j2nDajFotGWyJzZ0F6UFv_0GlErIukMW7XGYBSk9VWaYDaHZMMQh2IJZDeCQx1IabeQ9-EOQshXucC5tEpdj2R6Uo1f81nIMVk90CMesqITJeN4uhoZBBIcqS5_LIHdBw8E92mElX-uA/s752/Screenshot%202022-12-30%20at%2011.50.16.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="752" data-original-width="194" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaMWqQ7rFjVeGZqQM8jMEoEUR5FzvdMFUPQLyUtpF9z-5j2nDajFotGWyJzZ0F6UFv_0GlErIukMW7XGYBSk9VWaYDaHZMMQh2IJZDeCQx1IabeQ9-EOQshXucC5tEpdj2R6Uo1f81nIMVk90CMesqITJeN4uhoZBBIcqS5_LIHdBw8E92mElX-uA/w166-h640/Screenshot%202022-12-30%20at%2011.50.16.png" width="166" /></a></div><br /></div>The picture 'Can't you talk?' was identified by Harald Beck in<a href="https://www.jjon.org/joyce-s-allusions/can-t-you-talk"> Joyce Online Notes</a> (Thanks for this to <a href="https://twitter.com/marymlawton/status/1609984119315865605">Mary Lawton on Twitter</a>, who also commented, 'The best part of this story is how Joyce describes Callanan in the armchair and nods to Harry Clifton’s<a href="http://folksongandmusichall.com/index.php/as-welcome-as-the-flowers-in-may/"> "As Welcome as the Flowers in May” </a>or one of its other titles “The Jolly Old Mill.”)Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-49199155871119014372022-12-05T12:25:00.035+00:002022-12-10T16:57:01.157+00:00 L’Arcs en His Ceiling Flee Chinx on the FlurHow many meanings can you get out of these nine words from <i>Finnegans Wake</i>?<br /><div><br /><b>L’Arcs en His Ceiling Flee Chinx on the Flur </b>104.13</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/e/ed8.htm">In July 1927, Joyce came up with this line</a> which he added to the list of titles of 'Anna Livia's mamafesta', her letter defending her slandered husband HCE.</div><div><div><br /></div><div>He was so pleased with this that, on 27 July 1927, he sent an explanation of it to Harriet Shaw Weaver in a letter. Here he described seven different layers of meaning, perhaps for the seven colours of the rainbow (arc-en-ciel).</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtyIZdTU5VqLyGn8E-XL2zF2jTrCqPdK_XtClJjjCTMMV_j861UDe5s2_y9_g5OPcjS69672NwE10sARMHb6LbP7NNTK6FKeJNCySnYWwDAOPOGsq53eKeq8v6xS5rj9wnMALi0UEOpxq9IbNH7IC93eTN43p0AITLArT608JwnDgb7ORTsd4bT70/s2329/215ABEE6-9B87-46AA-9DA1-B1A5BD586A1A.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1873" data-original-width="2329" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtyIZdTU5VqLyGn8E-XL2zF2jTrCqPdK_XtClJjjCTMMV_j861UDe5s2_y9_g5OPcjS69672NwE10sARMHb6LbP7NNTK6FKeJNCySnYWwDAOPOGsq53eKeq8v6xS5rj9wnMALi0UEOpxq9IbNH7IC93eTN43p0AITLArT608JwnDgb7ORTsd4bT70/w400-h321/215ABEE6-9B87-46AA-9DA1-B1A5BD586A1A.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Selected Letters</i>, 326</td></tr></tbody></table><div><div><br /></div><div>In his letter, Joyce gives the text as 'L'Arcs en' rather than the 'Arcs in' of the published version (below). The loss of the 'L' undermines three of Joyce's readings, losing the 'birds flying' in 3, the 'merriment above (larks)' in 4 and the 'birds (doves and ravens)' in 7. Yet it's not in <a href="https://jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/e/lexe.htm">Rose and O'Hanlon's restored text.</a></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivSd-CP0WlcL9k7DLmpOdcqjFeZZUfyeXiCgsnCQ1RVeyyHKK3C5KZa8pju8tbfaxian1J2mo6jLRDLAmxm5eNeDAGpud-y3xDSh7MF7D8q2GWgmQ92uaNqn9KdLWLgzYC_78WBMPn-Sk3H-Bj4wIBhnU5rYEg1t5vIiP933zpd9jzn6BY7I8AZf4/s2462/6118DDC7-C7E3-4AB2-901F-AEA8E23CB747.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1322" data-original-width="2462" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivSd-CP0WlcL9k7DLmpOdcqjFeZZUfyeXiCgsnCQ1RVeyyHKK3C5KZa8pju8tbfaxian1J2mo6jLRDLAmxm5eNeDAGpud-y3xDSh7MF7D8q2GWgmQ92uaNqn9KdLWLgzYC_78WBMPn-Sk3H-Bj4wIBhnU5rYEg1t5vIiP933zpd9jzn6BY7I8AZf4/w400-h215/6118DDC7-C7E3-4AB2-901F-AEA8E23CB747.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><div><b>1) God's in his heaven and All's Right with the World</b></div><div><br /></div><div>This is a line from Browning's verse drama, <i>Pippa Passes</i>, where the verse also includes a lark on the wing.<br /><b><br />The year's at the spring<br />And day's at the morn;<br />Morning's at seven;<br />The hill-side's dew-pearled;<br />The lark's on the wing;<br />The snail's on the thorn:<br />God's in his heaven—<br />All's right with the world!</b></div></div><div><br /></div><div><iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/ssEZWMsQg_8" width="480"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><div><b>2) The Rainbow is in the sky (arc-en-ciel) the Chinese (Chinks) live tranquilly on the Chinese meadowplane (China alone almost of the old continent(s) has no record of a Deluge. Flur in this sense is German. It suggests also Flut (flood) and Fluss (river) and could even be used poetically for the expanse of a waterflood Flee = free)</b></div><div><br /></div><div>This rainbow, 'the sky sign of soft advertisement' (4.12) is one of 122 in the book, usually linked to Noah and the flood (also in 'arc'). </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGfi7mjMfSiU4WOmz6qhfsH5FhKonWJHX4inK-MoFQuw699mpxqbKy45wlmRgSWis0NLfx9-wG4QF8GrwXDC6GvrL5ifbJU8wXCFdvbw5IpBm5iAORXkU22Fw8_62R512RFqzl3EpfbVpaV0p7LHHFxwzooTPR-5aDmI3lNA2MAkGULOu-PQh_ihg/s1150/Screenshot%202022-12-05%20at%2011.52.04.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="842" data-original-width="1150" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGfi7mjMfSiU4WOmz6qhfsH5FhKonWJHX4inK-MoFQuw699mpxqbKy45wlmRgSWis0NLfx9-wG4QF8GrwXDC6GvrL5ifbJU8wXCFdvbw5IpBm5iAORXkU22Fw8_62R512RFqzl3EpfbVpaV0p7LHHFxwzooTPR-5aDmI3lNA2MAkGULOu-PQh_ihg/w400-h293/Screenshot%202022-12-05%20at%2011.52.04.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Joseph Koch, 'Noah's Offering', 1803</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><b>'And God said: “This is the sign of the covenant which I make between Me and you, and every living creature that is with you, for perpetual generations: I set My rainbow in the cloud, and it shall be for the sign of the covenant between Me and the earth. It shall be, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the rainbow shall be seen in the cloud; and I will remember My covenant which is between Me and you and every living creature of all flesh; the waters shall never again become a flood to destroy all flesh.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Genesis 9 12-16<br /><div><span class="text Gen-9-16" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, Arial; font-size: 16px;"><span class="versenum" style="display: inline; font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: normal; position: relative; top: auto; vertical-align: text-top;"><br /></span></span></div><div>I wonder where Joyce got the idea that the Chinese had no record of a deluge. The opposite is true. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>'The theme of flood control and myths of a great deluge constitute a fundamental and recurring topic in classical Chinese writing.'<span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(32, 33, 34); color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> </span></b></div><br /><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4528727?read-now=1&seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents">Anne Birrell, 'The Four Flood Myth Traditions of Classical China', T'uong Pau, 1997.</a><div><br /></div><div>The earliest version of the line is a note 'Free Chinks on the Flure'. Then Joyce changed the 'free' to 'flee', creating the alliteration with 'flure' (which became ‘flur’) and also mimicking the supposed Chinese confusion pronouncing l and r. </div><div><br /></div><div>'Chinks' is a racist nickname for Chinese, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chink">going back to the 1880s</a>. </div><div><br /></div><div>‘Flur’ also means hallway or passage in German! So that little word is packed with meanings.</div><div><br /><b>3) The ceiling of his (HCE-siglum) house is in ruins for you can see the birds flying and the floor is full of cracks which you had better avoid.</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>This is a nice reading, which could also describe Noah's ark falling into ruins after it was stranded on Mount Ararat. So there’s an eighth interpretation! </div><div><br /><b>4) There is merriment above (larks) why should there not be high jinks below stairs?</b></div><div><br /></div><div>'What larks!' (<i>Great Expectations</i>). From Francis Grose's 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue:</div><br /><b>LARK. A boat.<br />LARK. A piece of merriment. People playing together jocosely.</b></div><div><br /></div><div>I didn't know that a lark was a boat, though when I was young <a href="https://intheboatshed.net/2011/01/29/all-aboard-the-skylark-photos-from-brighton-january-2010/">there were several excursion boats called the skylark</a>. I wonder if Joyce knew that, since it fits with the ark theme. See<a href="http://www.word-detective.com/2012/06/lark/"> the Word Detective for more about larks</a>.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEify4na0XcsRRJSGJ5lQtCgbm7eIN-McObG9mIn7rejWdfgTEEgTJhq0re7ysJZqO-U_st03w3XceP5E-0JK35xUMs9K5n_ZnikSmSkFGKj_Sj3swHBGCnj5tNHhGw3jRuA1meGdmpH0SF6CL1lxswgqW-J0ZnApSKsGKK7PQscQEzt0-05Ia5j5W8/s3601/DSC_0056.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2645" data-original-width="3601" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEify4na0XcsRRJSGJ5lQtCgbm7eIN-McObG9mIn7rejWdfgTEEgTJhq0re7ysJZqO-U_st03w3XceP5E-0JK35xUMs9K5n_ZnikSmSkFGKj_Sj3swHBGCnj5tNHhGw3jRuA1meGdmpH0SF6CL1lxswgqW-J0ZnApSKsGKK7PQscQEzt0-05Ia5j5W8/w400-h294/DSC_0056.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Skylark figurehead and name board in Brighton Fishing Museum</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>High Jinks - <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/high-jinks-meaning-origin">originally a dice game, in which the forfeit was drinking alcohol</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div>'below stairs' suggests the servants who in FW are called Kate and Joe.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><div><b>5) The electric lamps of the gin palace are lit and the boss Roderick Rex is standing free drinks to all on the 'flure of the house'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Joyce expected Weaver to remember the very first Wake sketch he wrote, which <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2014/03/joyce-begins-writing-finnegans-wake.html">features Roderick O'Conor,</a> the last high king of Ireland as a Dublin publican, after closing time drinking the dregs and coming 'crash a crupper' - the first fall in <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. You can read it on pages 380-382 of FW.</div><div><br /></div><div>Electric lamps are suggested by 'arcs', because of <a href="http://edisontechcenter.org/ArcLamps.html">arc lamps, the first electric lighting system</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3AW0Yrsy24b-fQCiDO2SGfXmxFfWEP4zD5NheGzQ5nHtj1HYsSRzm1SeW7RdeVNA1P9dfyIf9K_PPw9ITAtJcnxkReQacJkeAlDZUA8SFrhKKiu2ZoMH1J3HsFl6eW0hR9D8LdZlFEoFwHWjL3sqi3zOAiVcV4_PRuIXVz1GQjQHyl9LMKKao26M/s1665/CC33F019-74C2-42E2-A442-DBFB0527654A.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1323" data-original-width="1665" height="159" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3AW0Yrsy24b-fQCiDO2SGfXmxFfWEP4zD5NheGzQ5nHtj1HYsSRzm1SeW7RdeVNA1P9dfyIf9K_PPw9ITAtJcnxkReQacJkeAlDZUA8SFrhKKiu2ZoMH1J3HsFl6eW0hR9D8LdZlFEoFwHWjL3sqi3zOAiVcV4_PRuIXVz1GQjQHyl9LMKKao26M/w200-h159/CC33F019-74C2-42E2-A442-DBFB0527654A.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><b>6) He is a bit gone in the upper storey, poor jink. Let him lie as he is (Shem, Ham and Japhet)</b></div><div><br /></div><div><b>'gone in the upper storey'</b> - one of many ways of describing crazy behaviour, like 'the rats in his garret, the bats in his belfry' (180.26).</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'poor jink'</b> - I can't find anything about this phrase online.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'let him lie as he is (Shem Ham and Japhet)'</b> Here's another story about Noah, who made and drank the first wine, which led to him drunkenly passing out and exposing himself to his three sons. </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq3PBAaa6U69SJO6mtlfaseaENl-WNy0OmzoYqs8OPNcb2Z9fOtd2TMmKJcB_baMLiAc7SfGLS3TLTJ5TxFaCvwC1_FbJDQX-QHbw99SSg9y8QxD37Ll4ZWDR9gGhpQs-re2BwhUaVFRApuPKWtWrBKi1E-F5Xjd6fCOQaZ5dIjhS_aCY2zLq8B0k/s641/noah.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="641" data-original-width="410" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq3PBAaa6U69SJO6mtlfaseaENl-WNy0OmzoYqs8OPNcb2Z9fOtd2TMmKJcB_baMLiAc7SfGLS3TLTJ5TxFaCvwC1_FbJDQX-QHbw99SSg9y8QxD37Ll4ZWDR9gGhpQs-re2BwhUaVFRApuPKWtWrBKi1E-F5Xjd6fCOQaZ5dIjhS_aCY2zLq8B0k/w256-h400/noah.png" width="256" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>In the Wake, these three are another version of the three soldiers who witness HCE's sin in the park on page 34. They are HCE's sons, Shem, Shaun and a composite third son, a fusion of the two.</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj98zCDIGmjrO_yezTvaQ9eLI6vM9u1RhFMcaB9mwuRjzhqWYWlCzqOr8JaghgV0AO_BDA_X3MwX4lNDkiuLdARaACvZC5_mVPZSbNUrUHWo94pkyMVrxTbqxE2JqHm6RLnxOrKk_pwDTpgh4nLYSkwG0WyXIM6a2qvznZbJkNTwLvJCAqDkySahH8/s1412/226C0004-B908-4F0D-A3EC-8C20D5FB98B8.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1313" data-original-width="1412" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj98zCDIGmjrO_yezTvaQ9eLI6vM9u1RhFMcaB9mwuRjzhqWYWlCzqOr8JaghgV0AO_BDA_X3MwX4lNDkiuLdARaACvZC5_mVPZSbNUrUHWo94pkyMVrxTbqxE2JqHm6RLnxOrKk_pwDTpgh4nLYSkwG0WyXIM6a2qvznZbJkNTwLvJCAqDkySahH8/s320/226C0004-B908-4F0D-A3EC-8C20D5FB98B8.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><div><br /></div><div>Joyce identified Noah with Arthur Guinness and John Jameson on the opening page of the book, where we have another rainbow described as 'arclight':</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Rot a peek of pa's malt had Jhem or Shen brewed by arclight and Rory end to the regginbrow was to be seen ringsome on the aquaface.'</b> 3.13</div></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>'Noah planted the vine and was drunk</b></div><div><b>John James is the greatest Dublin distiller</b></div><div><b>Arthur Guinness " " " " brewer'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Joyce's gloss to Harriet Shaw Weaver, 15 November 1926</div><div><br /></div><div><b>7) The birds (doves and ravens) (cf the jinnies is a cooin her hair and the jinnies is a ravin her hair) he saved escape from his waterhouse and leave the zooless patriark alone.</b></div><div><br /></div><div>There are 43 uses of this dove/raven motif, which you can find <a href="http://www.fweet.org/cgi-bin/fw_grep.cgi?i=1&c=1&a=1&b=1&s=_M,dove/raven_&escope=1&dist=4&ndist=4&fontsz=100&showtxt=1">listed in fweet</a>. Would we find them in this line without Joyce's note?</div><div><br /></div><div>This is another part of the Noah story in Genesis.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMpvI1bGq11_aNrFNvkNIzB6ZqxxlMqFJguCQ4DDWmk_Myo-y783xbr0b9SomK_mNeE1APbHtw_Lmt-K_eegNNKDImvkmEYKzoEL76Rj5Fh0lMNgy7NjEQM3_SilB7nfueperBn9YvqZ93yh68M9lpHaKrTIwHVL9SECMqogFnFRZWEYxYWO4fvrc/s1765/EC0BD5E5-7249-40A5-A40F-1F9A54532462.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1765" data-original-width="1636" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMpvI1bGq11_aNrFNvkNIzB6ZqxxlMqFJguCQ4DDWmk_Myo-y783xbr0b9SomK_mNeE1APbHtw_Lmt-K_eegNNKDImvkmEYKzoEL76Rj5Fh0lMNgy7NjEQM3_SilB7nfueperBn9YvqZ93yh68M9lpHaKrTIwHVL9SECMqogFnFRZWEYxYWO4fvrc/s320/EC0BD5E5-7249-40A5-A40F-1F9A54532462.jpeg" width="297" /></a></div><br /><div><b>'the jinnies is a coin her hair...'</b> is a quote from the Museyroom passage, on pages 8-10, where the jinnies are the two girls and also dove and raven. </div><div><br /></div><div>'Zooless patriark' is a great phrase. It's a shame he didn't use it in <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. </div><div><br /></div><div>We get a zookeeping Noah, with larks and the cooing of doves, in 'The Ballad of Persse O'Reilly', on page 47. But here HCE is one of the animals on show:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Begob he's the crux of the catalogue</b></div><div><b>Of our antediluvial zoo,</b></div><div><b> (Chorus) Messrs. Billing and Coo.</b></div><div><b> Noah's larks, good as noo</b>. 47.3-6</div><div><br /></div><div>Perhaps if Joyce hadn't been thinking of a seven layered rainbow he could have found even more meanings. How many more can you come up with?</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhza5G37jTaffCiVeBJgr2uTlz7JEJqJ-iMoGCLjll59wbwUWXKn4-sOIFW0rBO_jGJHFGdAr8JRwVwtM8IWIKORtte4-yjnaSlL0eKacVldSy2Ce9YrNC-04U4YWEaOFdcT0SY_Q1RePC8ji9pWVmumNvxe40p7uNdFa6OpnettbFqvQzh1OAquk/s681/ark.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="396" data-original-width="681" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhza5G37jTaffCiVeBJgr2uTlz7JEJqJ-iMoGCLjll59wbwUWXKn4-sOIFW0rBO_jGJHFGdAr8JRwVwtM8IWIKORtte4-yjnaSlL0eKacVldSy2Ce9YrNC-04U4YWEaOFdcT0SY_Q1RePC8ji9pWVmumNvxe40p7uNdFa6OpnettbFqvQzh1OAquk/s320/ark.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div>This Wake line reminds me of <a href="https://www.michaelgroden.com/notes/jj01.html">Frank Budgen's story</a> of the writing of 'Perfume of embraces all him assailed. With hungered flesh obscurely, he mutely craved to adore.' in <i>Ulysses</i>:<br /><br />I<b> enquired about <i>Ulysses</i>. Was it progressing?<br />"I have been working hard on it all day," said Joyce.<br />"Does that mean that you have written a great deal?" I said.<br />"Two sentences," said Joyce....<br />"You have been seeking the mot juste?" I said.<br />"No," said Joyce. "I have the words already. What I am seeking is the perfect order of words in the sentence. There is an order in every way appropriate. I think I have it."</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl1P_PUm5PgQXPXnLKpbhxXFHSRzVue5unlpUAkxMl-NwRU_GJrhlV_vStb0ATvuDanRDUIQlE-gHITh8kvc2GQ8nNhRS76iW49tokHowPsWYooy21OQ7Bht_Cr3szs7SZ9Kn_nGvUqWKxNkC-p3ZxP9RHgEJfC8Ocj66r4LnClyTt_OUmKNu3hSM/s710/Screenshot%202022-12-06%20at%2010.59.07.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="710" data-original-width="555" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl1P_PUm5PgQXPXnLKpbhxXFHSRzVue5unlpUAkxMl-NwRU_GJrhlV_vStb0ATvuDanRDUIQlE-gHITh8kvc2GQ8nNhRS76iW49tokHowPsWYooy21OQ7Bht_Cr3szs7SZ9Kn_nGvUqWKxNkC-p3ZxP9RHgEJfC8Ocj66r4LnClyTt_OUmKNu3hSM/s320/Screenshot%202022-12-06%20at%2010.59.07.png" width="250" /></a></div><br />He could have spent even longer working on 'L'arcs en his ceiling...' where he was not just rearranging English words but inventing new ones.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">MORE SUGGESTIONS</h4><div><br /></div><div>After I posted this on social media, several Wake readers sent in suggestions.</div><b><br />'Fleets of arcs/ships in his head flee whirlpools on the floor' </b><br /><br />Diego Pacheco<br /><br /><b>'I am no Wake scholar but to me it has the rhythm of the nursery rhyme "Ride a Cock Horse" - Rings on her fingers and bells on her toes - (She shall have music wherever she goes).'</b><br /><br />Frederick J Hayn <br /><br /><b>'Ling is a a word packed with many meanings with idem spelling variations. It is, of course, a Chinese surname name with several meanings. One possible connection with flee (or free) is that it seems to be used by Chinese people outside of China, the diaspora which entails sea journeys and vessels....</b></div><div><b> If you follow the Chinese theme then the His becomes an other God(s).<br />Wiki has handy info on Chinese cosmogony and deities. “The gods are energies or principles revealing, imitating and propagating the way of Heaven (Tian</b><span style="caret-color: rgb(5, 5, 5); color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px;"> 天</span><b>), which is the supreme godhead manifesting in the northern culmen of the starry vault of the skies and its order.”'</b></div><div><br />Paul Devine <br /><b><br />'L'Arcs on the ceiling (with or without the "L") could indeed be electric arc lights (JJ's lamps) -- but due to their extreme brightness rather uncommon on ceilings, but used in cinema projectors, which JJ knew his way around. Flór is also an Irish word for flower (though only in imitation of the French -- Flór de lúis)'</b><br /><br />Russell Potter</div><br /><b>'Arcs remind me of the innards of a large ship or the ribbings of a large whale. Noah's Ark? Jonah and the Whale?'</b><br /><br />Clint Carroll<div><b><br />'The phrase 'All aboard the skylark' has been around since the 19th century and 'Skylark' was, as you say, a popular name for small vessels that took holiday-makers for trips around the bay. We had one in Southend-on-Sea, and it was famously one of the small boast that took part in the Dunkirk operation. But there's also the verb, meaning to muck about (as in 'No Skylarking on the Platform') - it's something schoolboys used to do. See attached (found in Armley Museum, Leeds)'</b><br /><br />David Collard</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZZ7hMNwGTVBT2NGcD9J8GYwiWrSYsCTOJJTun3QMK23W--IjXLQbuCj6iDSN_umG-rptP5Ovef_2GqMfZJciEKWd74TbjAyqes7lLt8CV8Vu1SHM_ApdiRQRCMWAm4gjB081FX_d7gja7OpH3lVrAOxbpq1vGILVyndSp72efNh8wXhjcirf6Jto/s498/Screenshot%202022-12-06%20at%2015.38.48.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="381" data-original-width="498" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZZ7hMNwGTVBT2NGcD9J8GYwiWrSYsCTOJJTun3QMK23W--IjXLQbuCj6iDSN_umG-rptP5Ovef_2GqMfZJciEKWd74TbjAyqes7lLt8CV8Vu1SHM_ApdiRQRCMWAm4gjB081FX_d7gja7OpH3lVrAOxbpq1vGILVyndSp72efNh8wXhjcirf6Jto/s320/Screenshot%202022-12-06%20at%2015.38.48.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><b>‘Arc of the covenant = HCE siglum. *drops mic*’</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Jonathan McCreedy</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Jonathan's idea reminded me of the theory that the <a href="https://pe2bz.philpem.me.uk/Comm01/-%20-%20Parts-NonActive/Capacitor/ArkOfCovenant/AA-Main">Ark of the Covenant was an electric capacitor</a>, which could have powered the arc lights!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkXXyKfzugBWtakT9NTF4QPIC8aswr1_v3hBgXTtF9_aB9-A_fIZd1Q4vS0x6TPQAP969Wn-OGWNfS1sbdxrPF2djiqPox5lXn0BudUUJS1dxNRAgpXJv0At-QHNkxpKtT5tN07D4jYcqlCMmhSn6gU4xBOhyVhBrUdDpGc4-HGJbjw2pT6uCf05g/s536/Screenshot%202022-12-07%20at%2013.54.41.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="536" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkXXyKfzugBWtakT9NTF4QPIC8aswr1_v3hBgXTtF9_aB9-A_fIZd1Q4vS0x6TPQAP969Wn-OGWNfS1sbdxrPF2djiqPox5lXn0BudUUJS1dxNRAgpXJv0At-QHNkxpKtT5tN07D4jYcqlCMmhSn6gU4xBOhyVhBrUdDpGc4-HGJbjw2pT6uCf05g/s320/Screenshot%202022-12-07%20at%2013.54.41.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">'our arc of the covenant' 507.33</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div><br /></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-18425985156646695092022-11-04T10:30:00.013+00:002022-11-04T19:22:08.632+00:00James Joyce's Ashpit<p></p><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU1-7mA-BR0zFE0xGiE0EJ8-T4r23m3GYG74SzzzOf6h1kwvzqSD1dJwQJnTEJy55ukPpz7eDrnprgwf5UIlFAX0rPEon5lA7xR5hACaYUX3LbU8T7cIa06zEHss3jJOeB0fnAXMu__KkthoB90LrMQW77ekDu8UG7UIuNRh04tdKzExPwkcCMcR4/s969/Screenshot%202022-08-09%20at%2010.15.43.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU1-7mA-BR0zFE0xGiE0EJ8-T4r23m3GYG74SzzzOf6h1kwvzqSD1dJwQJnTEJy55ukPpz7eDrnprgwf5UIlFAX0rPEon5lA7xR5hACaYUX3LbU8T7cIa06zEHss3jJOeB0fnAXMu__KkthoB90LrMQW77ekDu8UG7UIuNRh04tdKzExPwkcCMcR4/w400-h293/Screenshot%202022-08-09%20at%2010.15.43.png" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>How many great writers have had archaeological digs in their back gardens? </div><div><br /></div><div>I learned that a Joyce excavation in Fairview, Dublin, was taking place in 2013, from PQ's blog, <a href="https://www.abuildingroam.com/2013/02/archaeologists-dig-through-joyces.html">A Building Roam</a>. He shared a story from the <i>Irish Times</i>, which declared 'While it is unlikely that the excavation will yield any lost manuscripts, it is still the first such exploration of a Joyce location that has been undertaken.'<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvrabJdi4k13IrBGj_b9nEl33f4NNBtH4R3FjwNbHKe2nG8-eRMU10iDh3u2lQmQr551Th8dL27znESFC_H1241jGB4jy6F178Y2wKwZxBcRQAi32_Y9u5cQPYHbg-ubJC90GvuKuzP_e1quUl4jlsZ8N5q8xo9SVM1bWgleYNz4QPY_nnxnsP5a4/s1462/Screenshot%202022-11-02%20at%2015.55.47.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="206" data-original-width="1462" height="90" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvrabJdi4k13IrBGj_b9nEl33f4NNBtH4R3FjwNbHKe2nG8-eRMU10iDh3u2lQmQr551Th8dL27znESFC_H1241jGB4jy6F178Y2wKwZxBcRQAi32_Y9u5cQPYHbg-ubJC90GvuKuzP_e1quUl4jlsZ8N5q8xo9SVM1bWgleYNz4QPY_nnxnsP5a4/w640-h90/Screenshot%202022-11-02%20at%2015.55.47.png" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>The 2014 spring edition of <a href="https://www.academia.edu/6566525/Have_you_tried_the_ash_pit">Archaeology Ireland</a> (top) has Andy Halpin and Mary Cahill's report on the secrets they uncovered in the ashpit of the Joyce family house at 8 Royal Terrace (now Inverness Rd) Fairview. </div><div><div><div><br /></div><div>Ashpits were rectangular sunken brick or concrete lined structures, for dumping the ashes from fires and other domestic rubbish. In the 19th century, the ashes were taken away to be used as fertiliser or material for brickmaking. In Ireland and Britain, we still call rubbish collectors 'dustmen'. </div><div><br />Here's a dustman from Mayhew's <i>London Labour and the London Poor</i>. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUl1DWJPQfj73__96Uhao5Mmnjlg9K9_bIRi3mLeKrx5iIFHvGYomtz3QsuNLsrjxyA7uy3v3XJ3B1SznDy5pMKAmRoZJyPxhwgIRDylv5yDSRUzn1dtUBQuZSCtJjpr5jpphnKxJTUgisTHz7pM6RVys8a3D9llGRSZn1AifitTwIw0fi-kMwbtM/s742/Screenshot%202022-08-09%20at%2010.49.18.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUl1DWJPQfj73__96Uhao5Mmnjlg9K9_bIRi3mLeKrx5iIFHvGYomtz3QsuNLsrjxyA7uy3v3XJ3B1SznDy5pMKAmRoZJyPxhwgIRDylv5yDSRUzn1dtUBQuZSCtJjpr5jpphnKxJTUgisTHz7pM6RVys8a3D9llGRSZn1AifitTwIw0fi-kMwbtM/s320/Screenshot%202022-08-09%20at%2010.49.18.png" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>We meet a dustman in <i>Finnegans Wake</i>: <b>'A dustman nocknamed Sevenchurches in the employ of Messrs Achburn, Soulpetre and Ashreborn, prairmakers, Glintalook...' </b>59.16</div><div><br /></div><div><div>I like 'Ashreborn' - the ashes from ashpits are reborn as bricks and new life from fertiliser.</div><div><br /></div></div><div><b>'This ourth of years is not save brickdust and being humus the same roturns.' </b>18.04</div><div><br /></div><div>The Joyces lived in 8 Royal Terrace from 1900-1901, and it's the setting for the chapter of <i>A Portrait</i> where Stephen walks to the University. Joyce describes the wet rubbish in the lane behind the house, where the dustmen would have made their collections;</div><div><br /><b>'The lane behind the terrace was waterlogged and as he went down it slowly, choosing his steps amid heaps of wet rubbish, he heard a mad nun screeching in the nuns’ madhouse beyond the wall.<br /><br />—Jesus! O Jesus! Jesus!<br /></b><b><br /></b></div><div><b>He shook the sound out of his ears by an angry toss of his head and hurried on, stumbling through the mouldering offal, his heart already bitten by an ache of loathing and bitterness.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>The nun's screeching may explain why, in <i>Finnegans Wake</i>, Joyce renames the street 'Royal Terrors' (420.28).</div><div><div><div><br /></div><div>By the late Victorian period, metal dustbins (ashcans in the USA) had largely replaced sunken ashpits, and so the one in Fairview wouldn't have been regularly cleared out. The ashpit in 'An Encounter' is a place 'where nobody ever came':</div><br /><b>'I hid my books in the long grass near the ashpit at the end of the garden where nobody ever came and hurried along the canal bank.'</b> <div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZKZj010p9MrbF4BrQn2FcIyuUPhT6E9fb7SYsglrX0uFXf8ozFk08d0ZSiQwhePaEOP9gome9VlogR7eM_EHZm7I2GtJYATGqu1sDMdFv6C-XsTqebBWIVr2WhiX1rzrgvzgxaAq7fVijb1Iifs6oZSa4MyPfe2CiaCTDLf9klyP7GDu3fkmJchM/s508/Screenshot%202022-08-09%20at%2010.39.29.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZKZj010p9MrbF4BrQn2FcIyuUPhT6E9fb7SYsglrX0uFXf8ozFk08d0ZSiQwhePaEOP9gome9VlogR7eM_EHZm7I2GtJYATGqu1sDMdFv6C-XsTqebBWIVr2WhiX1rzrgvzgxaAq7fVijb1Iifs6oZSa4MyPfe2CiaCTDLf9klyP7GDu3fkmJchM/s320/Screenshot%202022-08-09%20at%2010.39.29.png" /></a><br />A London dustman in 1910</div></div></div><div><br /></div></div><div>In 'Araby', Joyce describes the smell of the ashpits in North Richmond Street, where the family lived in 1894-7:<br /><br /><b>'The career of our play brought us through the dark muddy lanes behind the houses where we ran the gauntlet of the rough tribes from the cottages, to the back doors of the dark dripping gardens where odours arose from the ashpits, to the dark odorous stables where a coachman smoothed and combed the horse or shook music from the buckled harness.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>(Thanks to Hen Hanna for sharing these <i>Dubliners</i> quotes, when we were discussing the ashpit excavation)</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Joyce talks about the same smells in a letter to his publisher:</div><div><div><br /></div><div><div><b>'It is not my fault that the odour of ashpits and old weeds and offal hangs round my stories.'</b><br /><br /><div>Joyce to Grant Richards, 24 September 1905, <i>Letters II</i></div></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><div><h4>ASHPIT ARCHAEOLOGY</h4><div><br /></div><div>The story of the dig began in 2012, when the house owner, Stephen D'Arcy, discovered the ashpit. From the archaeologist's report: </div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Stephen, a professional gardener, was preparing this part of the garden for planting when he discovered the walls of the ash pit. At first he thought that they were the footing for a barbecue stand, but he quickly realised that he had discovered something quite different when fragments of glass with images began to emerge from the pit. At this stage, having removed some of the glass fragments (he) recognised them as magic lantern slides....'</b></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBepCJiCFNYf0xZC9XG-4bzyc4sVO7NVDpSargSNipGuJSWYWtnK01BkgB-yBcTRGXn20pTMJ4A8RFQPq97YuY3i7WvwO4cYJNRcoapZ48HBAiQh3OseoPQ8AEUDmqcTNqmqqLnWjwGYZN537E3eh_Md95do7yWZWxSgvZqUvRuqSNuPdp9qR8Kv0/s818/Screenshot%202022-11-02%20at%2015.50.08.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="566" data-original-width="818" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBepCJiCFNYf0xZC9XG-4bzyc4sVO7NVDpSargSNipGuJSWYWtnK01BkgB-yBcTRGXn20pTMJ4A8RFQPq97YuY3i7WvwO4cYJNRcoapZ48HBAiQh3OseoPQ8AEUDmqcTNqmqqLnWjwGYZN537E3eh_Md95do7yWZWxSgvZqUvRuqSNuPdp9qR8Kv0/s320/Screenshot%202022-11-02%20at%2015.50.08.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/archaeologists-hope-to-uncover-secrets-at-james-joyce-s-house-in-fairview-1.1313796">From the Irish Times report on the dig</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>Stephen contacted the National Museum of Ireland, who sent in the archaeologists:<br /><br /><b>'Magic lantern slides in a suburban garden ash pit seem a long way from the usual investigations of cist burials and bog butter, but the archaeological nature of the discovery and the possible connection to important historical persons and events fit perfectly with the discipline of archaeological inquiry....The excavation of the ash pit took place over a week in February 2013, directed by Andy Halpin. Excavating an ash pit is not unlike excavating a Bronze Age cist burial, as the area to be excavated, confined by its concrete walls, is similar and the ashy deposit is also reminiscent of cremated deposits.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Here's their photo of the excavated ashpit, which does look like a cist burial.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrf1HRa6D1Lg2nEWr3B4AFYouhaLupDlnNmd9sMw-aiunkKHj7X4Jgc6Pr3XxYG9X9w3hlR-V2-hLZyEOZDbZ3XD8_xheN1Ay5bmmmnlJWIglH8xwNrV465npVYYHH6rLCXvYHHwq-6Bd8m3cjgkU-S3IU-5YTD3Xo256yd74QAjsgUZfNAyRpifU/s604/ashpit.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="401" data-original-width="604" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrf1HRa6D1Lg2nEWr3B4AFYouhaLupDlnNmd9sMw-aiunkKHj7X4Jgc6Pr3XxYG9X9w3hlR-V2-hLZyEOZDbZ3XD8_xheN1Ay5bmmmnlJWIglH8xwNrV465npVYYHH6rLCXvYHHwq-6Bd8m3cjgkU-S3IU-5YTD3Xo256yd74QAjsgUZfNAyRpifU/w400-h265/ashpit.png" width="400" /></a></div></div></div><div><br /></div><div><b>'charnelcysts of a weedwastewoldwevild'</b> 613.21</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'the hollow chyst excitement</b>' 596.28</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEveqSHrRheTV-zlj6HShTSC8clU8DG7kr6GPWsXP9XItpOXakeLvimRm3esauagY8IR6Dutc9Rq_0iaBHvk3vskavXfckvUM5kiKBCG89KDdCKmoJPlDiCTjyMKjld_6U3Ry5hqdCd3GlFOAP61iByAfn928sNkhNZTx4DcgRwteGxAXXLh5b50M/s508/Screenshot%202022-11-04%20at%2010.17.14.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="508" data-original-width="299" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEveqSHrRheTV-zlj6HShTSC8clU8DG7kr6GPWsXP9XItpOXakeLvimRm3esauagY8IR6Dutc9Rq_0iaBHvk3vskavXfckvUM5kiKBCG89KDdCKmoJPlDiCTjyMKjld_6U3Ry5hqdCd3GlFOAP61iByAfn928sNkhNZTx4DcgRwteGxAXXLh5b50M/s320/Screenshot%202022-11-04%20at%2010.17.14.png" width="188" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cist burial, from Davis and Thurman's Crania Britannica, 1865</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div><div>The dig revealed more than 250 complete and fragmented slides, mostly showing religious subjects. Some of them were painted, others posed photographs. Labels on the slides show they were bought from John Lizar's of Glasgow (which also had offices in Edinburgh, Liverpool and Belfast).</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtkzVU030EbyK_DpAeyiEe7szrdA53vl7QvUSvZpGF2NrP-p1RxzUApAYZFnOphzcIDvV8Ez8209ACeQaoZ6a2nSnCZQ_I7tISmtLMzJqKyZ5JtoJHrF54aNxQ_n7mOAboVxU20MypmTB_XwOrtguqVqqGT2t3-awcbnDvJfgaT6D6hCucMfran_I/s529/slide.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="488" data-original-width="529" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtkzVU030EbyK_DpAeyiEe7szrdA53vl7QvUSvZpGF2NrP-p1RxzUApAYZFnOphzcIDvV8Ez8209ACeQaoZ6a2nSnCZQ_I7tISmtLMzJqKyZ5JtoJHrF54aNxQ_n7mOAboVxU20MypmTB_XwOrtguqVqqGT2t3-awcbnDvJfgaT6D6hCucMfran_I/s320/slide.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">One of the ashpit slides, showing a scene from the Pilgrim's Progress</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjrO0GXCqk8VgdustD9YL9JpPzKAPqG2EuI_hYeS8BBXN7ATVVB3zlHny_81AvAO1LDafQ0L0wh6HIUdfIMoSa59KdjH6xhO6NzAp5D6o5HPQWLNSSAo-4YSuh7tVDA68_Ri6BISP5jamAj2j30Hnjd4wC-SJk2mYSqAKvW2TKbyO-JDDaT-pa3i8/s376/Screenshot%202022-11-04%20at%2016.09.32.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="376" data-original-width="279" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjrO0GXCqk8VgdustD9YL9JpPzKAPqG2EuI_hYeS8BBXN7ATVVB3zlHny_81AvAO1LDafQ0L0wh6HIUdfIMoSa59KdjH6xhO6NzAp5D6o5HPQWLNSSAo-4YSuh7tVDA68_Ri6BISP5jamAj2j30Hnjd4wC-SJk2mYSqAKvW2TKbyO-JDDaT-pa3i8/s320/Screenshot%202022-11-04%20at%2016.09.32.png" width="237" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A John Lizar's magic lantern</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div>In a great piece of detective work, the archaeologists suggest that the slides belonged to Thomas McBratney, a Presbyterian lay preacher who lived in the house from 1918 until his death in 1921. The slides must have been thrown away after his death, perhaps while Joyce was beginning <i>Finnegans Wake</i>.</div></div><div><i><br /></i></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">THE ASHPIT BOOKS</h4><div><br /></div><div>Finding religious magic lantern slides in this ashpit is an astounding synchronicity. For this was the very ashpit, where in 1901, the Joyce family found two books.</div><div><br /><b>'Somebody found at the end of the garden two books which the children nicknamed 'the ashpit books'. One was a song-book, the first pages of which were missing. It contained a large and miscellaneous collection of classical and traditional songs, popular ballads and many so-called comic songs, the humour of which always remained a mystery to me. The other was a closely and badly printed collated edition of the four gospels in a red cloth cover. The former tenants of the house were Protestants...As the little volume was still quite presentable, though the cloth of one cover was detached from the cardboard owing to exposure to weather, I put it on my shelf.'</b><br /><br />Stanislaus Joyce, <i>My Brother's Keeper,</i> p113-114</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'The splendour of the trove may have been the origin of another of John Stanislaus Joyce's sardonic catchphrases when anything was in short supply: 'Have you tried the ash-pit?'</b><br /><br />John Wyse Jackson and Peter Costello, <i>John Stanislaus Joyce,</i> Fourth Estate, 1997, p227</div><div><br /></div><div>Catholic families did not have Bibles, so the book was a revelation for Stanislaus, then aged 16. After reading it from cover to cover, 'the immediate result was the uneasy prompting of doubt.' The ashpit book discovery led Stanislaus to lose his faith. </div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>'My mother blamed Jim for my blunt refusal to go to confession or Communion, but she was wrong, for in point of time, at least, I refused first.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Stanislaus Joyce, <i>My Brother's Keeper,</i> p118</div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">THE MIDDEN</h4><br />The ashpit books recall the discovery in <i>Finnegans Wake</i> of a letter in a 'fatal midden' by Biddy the hen. 'Midden' is an archaeological term for a mound of domestic refuse, often food remains (kitchen middens). </div><div><br /></div><div><div><b>'This midden is a symbol, elaborated later, for the inhabited world in which men have left so many traces. The letter stands as a symbol for all attempts at written communication including all other letters, all the world's literature, the Book of Kells, all manuscripts, all the sacred books of the world, and also Finnegans Wake itself. One reason why The Book of Kells is included here is that it was once 'stolen by night...and found after a lapse of some months, concealed under sods' (Sullivan)' </b><br /><br />J.S.Atherton,<i> The Books at the Wake</i> p62-3<div><br /></div><div><a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2013/12/the-book-of-kells.html">Like the ashpit book, the <i>Book of Kells</i> is also a <i>New Testament</i></a>.</div><div><br /></div><div>Joyce may also have known that, since 1897, archaeologists were discovering vast amounts of Ancient Greek literature on papyrus scrolls from the dusty rubbish dumps of<a href="https://www.oxirrinc.com/en/el-yacimiento/los-papiros-de-oxirrinco/"> Oxyrhynchus</a> in Egypt. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlSLWHLZAinS-r-CGqZsbeOZcBvTduMvlch7Rj-0pNLDx9jOeQEkeizXcSuNCdukGvrCcc5l2NO6aEhdCbDTZQCvmhcujbf_j8X03Ds9eDPxNIQRw3jslc3Jlo2xJ6QnnclpAI3S3W6mVzBBSu42kBF4E9WKXL4eIRJI-aPCWoteb_uVWfFQt3QOI/s603/Screenshot%202022-11-04%20at%2009.53.26.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="389" data-original-width="603" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlSLWHLZAinS-r-CGqZsbeOZcBvTduMvlch7Rj-0pNLDx9jOeQEkeizXcSuNCdukGvrCcc5l2NO6aEhdCbDTZQCvmhcujbf_j8X03Ds9eDPxNIQRw3jslc3Jlo2xJ6QnnclpAI3S3W6mVzBBSu42kBF4E9WKXL4eIRJI-aPCWoteb_uVWfFQt3QOI/w400-h258/Screenshot%202022-11-04%20at%2009.53.26.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Grenfel and Hunt's photo of their dig in Oxyrhynchus</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><br /></div><div>The very first document discovered here was part of a previously unknown <a href="http://gnosis.org/naghamm/thomas_poxy.htm">Gospel of Thomas</a>, a Gnostic collection of the 'hidden sayings' of Jesus. Read a <a href="http://www.agraphos.com/thomas/greek/poxy1/">transcript here</a>.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieS0Mb1Zb8W08OHCd_uswXPJ5yxzZAKX8qmeSNRWca3BKD9kpR-yjo_lo3CixN303nhBtAuohcjfSIyIS-XEkGZUI0MwDSbT3Oxv5bxMBgAli9FPz8X7DdRLTXauFjvAwcFzre7rdXrdWexHbcTi6_lKVKS5K7lUR0MUaQVjFsS1eoRh0pG2moWNA/s579/Screenshot%202022-11-04%20at%2010.02.15.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="579" data-original-width="375" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieS0Mb1Zb8W08OHCd_uswXPJ5yxzZAKX8qmeSNRWca3BKD9kpR-yjo_lo3CixN303nhBtAuohcjfSIyIS-XEkGZUI0MwDSbT3Oxv5bxMBgAli9FPz8X7DdRLTXauFjvAwcFzre7rdXrdWexHbcTi6_lKVKS5K7lUR0MUaQVjFsS1eoRh0pG2moWNA/w259-h400/Screenshot%202022-11-04%20at%2010.02.15.png" width="259" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Oxyrhynchus 1, The Gospel of Thomas</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div><div>The hen, scratching at the heap, is like one of these archaeologists. The letter she finds seems to be from an Irish American woman in Boston to her sister Maggy:</div><div><br /><b>'The bird in the case was Belinda of the Dorans...and what she was scratching at the hour of klokking twelve looked for all this zogzag world like a goodish-sized sheet of letterpaper originating by transhipt from Boston (Mass.) of the last of the first to Dear whom it proceded to mention Maggy well & allathome’s health...</b>'111.05-11</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>Later in the Wake, this letter is explicitly linked with the ashpit</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'a letter to last a lifetime for Maggi beyond by the ashpit' </b>211.22</div><div><div><br />In the heat of the midden, this Boston letter has been transformed, like a melting photographic negative of a horse:</div><div><br /><b>'If a negative of a horse happens to melt enough while drying, well, what you do get is, well, a positively grotesquely distorted macromass of all sorts of horsehappy values and masses of meltwhile horse....this freely is what must have occurred to our missive.... Heated residence in the heart of the orangeflavoured mudmound had partly obliterated the negative to start with, causing some features palpably nearer your pecker to be swollen up most grossly...</b>' 111.26-36</div><div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1iIOtSYsuHWnOWPCvh080DL78unhcTJP_FFZpfqE12iajTK5rc_pLceUGDTxPnH-mTSE_c---avoNj5pmgGoFWO9p-sqfs9oYraZFnq4Zv-Q9f6L2pxxrArZPhtDV414YW6ePdhgDOE6D68F1gNSstdmCG8vBY13stUerrfsQVCgOlEbPRVD6v3k/s647/horse%20negative.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1iIOtSYsuHWnOWPCvh080DL78unhcTJP_FFZpfqE12iajTK5rc_pLceUGDTxPnH-mTSE_c---avoNj5pmgGoFWO9p-sqfs9oYraZFnq4Zv-Q9f6L2pxxrArZPhtDV414YW6ePdhgDOE6D68F1gNSstdmCG8vBY13stUerrfsQVCgOlEbPRVD6v3k/s320/horse%20negative.png" /></a><br /><div><span style="font-size: x-small;">Horse negative, from<a href="https://pixabay.com/photos/inverse-horse-negative-ride-4983923/"> pixabey.com</a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div><br /></div><div>This makes it astounding that archaeologists should have found magic lantern slides in the ashpit. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKgZx7ZJyKLqar9XqGVjUyMl2cCp3XxqQzuTEgUezBVsKOFMb_poLndeZrwauJbu8wccCsQWn516AISn0fbdaBeVSPGlqJJ7PjRZzCPjpPv76IxQRd_ypIMYEJBVeylCW18U_mhlUZ3lVDnADJ3g9uMugOrWU1XJPI-78TKRXuvm5cffT-B1M0FOs/s518/Screenshot%202022-11-04%20at%2010.13.12.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="501" data-original-width="518" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKgZx7ZJyKLqar9XqGVjUyMl2cCp3XxqQzuTEgUezBVsKOFMb_poLndeZrwauJbu8wccCsQWn516AISn0fbdaBeVSPGlqJJ7PjRZzCPjpPv76IxQRd_ypIMYEJBVeylCW18U_mhlUZ3lVDnADJ3g9uMugOrWU1XJPI-78TKRXuvm5cffT-B1M0FOs/s320/Screenshot%202022-11-04%20at%2010.13.12.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A photographic slide from the ashpit</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>Thanks to PQ for making the connection between the slides and the melting negative in <a href="https://www.abuildingroam.com/2013/02/archaeologists-dig-through-joyces.html">his blog</a>, where he relates this to Robert Anton Wilson, the biggest Wake synchronicity hunter.</div><div><br /></div><div>To sum up this web of psychogeographic synchronicities:</div><div><br /></div><div>1897 Archaeologists in Egypt discover a Gospel of Thomas in the rubbish dumps of Oxyrhynchus.</div><div>1901 At 8 Royal Terrace, Fairview, the Joyces find an edition of the four gospels in the ashpit.</div><div>1905 Joyce writes 'An Encounter,' in which the boy narrator hides his books 'in the long grass near the ashpit at the end of the garden where nobody ever came.'</div><div>Joyce writes to Grant Richards, 'It is not my fault that the odour of ashpits and old weeds and offal hangs round my stories.'</div><div>1921 Lay preacher Thomas McBratney's religious magic lantern slides find their way into the ashpit.</div><div>1923 Joyce writes the Hen chapter of <i>Finnegans Wake</i>, in which a letter dug out of a midden is compared with a melting photographic negative and a New Testament, the <i>Book of Kells</i>. This document has 'acquired accretions of terricious matter while loitering in the past' (114.28)</div><div>2013 The ashpit is excavated and the magic lantern slides discovered.</div></div><div><br /></div><div>There might be even more synchronicities if we knew about the book of comic songs.</div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">WALKING TO FAIRVIEW</h4><div><br /></div><div><div><div>Lisa and I made a pilgrimage to Fairview in June, during the <i>Ulysses</i> centenary celebrations, retracing the route Stephen takes from his home to the University, in reverse. Father Conmee, who also walks part of the same route in <i>Ulysses</i>, is commemorated on Newcomen Bridge.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMvmMbDvmcuTaqfxzTUBIUyur9OwDmy1C797NxLqiAJV-vHZnkWDq_iU15A3DD4NNregdfj8JE1KPvczglDjRvSKR4HcfkMZDjFBS4p_vJpi6RUpXwRQyJ2FpxVHWzfujmTs8kTZTRclbu-3HzdNA-jLTRHY8Ba3DxUF-nOgnE4-vG2Y8Zw7-2Gf8/s3521/DSC_0460.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2276" data-original-width="3521" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMvmMbDvmcuTaqfxzTUBIUyur9OwDmy1C797NxLqiAJV-vHZnkWDq_iU15A3DD4NNregdfj8JE1KPvczglDjRvSKR4HcfkMZDjFBS4p_vJpi6RUpXwRQyJ2FpxVHWzfujmTs8kTZTRclbu-3HzdNA-jLTRHY8Ba3DxUF-nOgnE4-vG2Y8Zw7-2Gf8/s320/DSC_0460.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><b>'<span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;">His morning walk across the city had begun, and he foreknew that as he passed the sloblands of Fairview he would think of the cloistral silverveined prose of Newman; that as he walked along the North Strand Road, glancing idly at the windows of the provision shops, he would recall the dark humour of Guido Cavalcanti and smile'</span></b></div><div><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 16px;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFkiPETqCO3FSB3VO7nXg_sJWXLrrlKg_IKmUQpUNvMI53dlUeYwOPe0w6Szz4Xfc7rU9Ahjp5_1WPd2aujkPeHwWJfHICHgbpg-x1DHd6eOBUDlN-h8Y8Y1MBL2xzA7PYgcng_LAd4wb5kweS10CDsth6zPizYGrYNbGgzxVMY3_5eIJH2ZYKio/s4608/DSC_0463.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFkiPETqCO3FSB3VO7nXg_sJWXLrrlKg_IKmUQpUNvMI53dlUeYwOPe0w6Szz4Xfc7rU9Ahjp5_1WPd2aujkPeHwWJfHICHgbpg-x1DHd6eOBUDlN-h8Y8Y1MBL2xzA7PYgcng_LAd4wb5kweS10CDsth6zPizYGrYNbGgzxVMY3_5eIJH2ZYKio/s320/DSC_0463.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Standing in front of the house, I felt I was close to one of the key locations of <i>Finnegans Wake</i>.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8K5nSGmmkKof-XiJQYCxyEvM-2PWeC7jqHn72NF6471I8gbZirDiQMRpQX3V3V-YfTFva6xsV33UBSH_01Qcl9CDHa5ibkX30MCC_CNI4cMgXeBshG-a6Srs7iehC_SE1Yu7IdYOd1PbVwhj42PUVFypnupN96Br1p9wkOK1mabSS02tLZc743Ns/s3579/DSC_0470.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2625" data-original-width="3579" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8K5nSGmmkKof-XiJQYCxyEvM-2PWeC7jqHn72NF6471I8gbZirDiQMRpQX3V3V-YfTFva6xsV33UBSH_01Qcl9CDHa5ibkX30MCC_CNI4cMgXeBshG-a6Srs7iehC_SE1Yu7IdYOd1PbVwhj42PUVFypnupN96Br1p9wkOK1mabSS02tLZc743Ns/w400-h294/DSC_0470.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-44906046580545812242022-06-10T12:20:00.035+01:002022-07-04T10:50:10.310+01:00James Joyce was a Goat Lover<div class="separator"><div class="page" title="Page 16"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><b><br /></b></p><p></p><p><b></b></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrihPcWMx5OBnicPObwrOBs7jpWk8VrucOPAlf_MptLh7l4P9_quKiomtLML-1C0EtiIHYlUfZQG3sZKoEAh_CsH63ufDF5O2Xw3IMhVybIT6zwVWtehYm0ahbW77zombW5uraJc2BA_g9QQmdMAJwbUBeyIDqGNGuxvcTz_Mtytz03SqS2ikBbd8/s2766/goat%20pic.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2766" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrihPcWMx5OBnicPObwrOBs7jpWk8VrucOPAlf_MptLh7l4P9_quKiomtLML-1C0EtiIHYlUfZQG3sZKoEAh_CsH63ufDF5O2Xw3IMhVybIT6zwVWtehYm0ahbW77zombW5uraJc2BA_g9QQmdMAJwbUBeyIDqGNGuxvcTz_Mtytz03SqS2ikBbd8/w400-h296/goat%20pic.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><b><br />'Once as we were walking up the Champs Elysées together, I pointed to a beautiful white goat harnessed to a children's cart and said how much I admired these courageous and inquisitive creatures. Joyce fully agreed and stopping to contemplate the stately little animal, said he couldn't understand why the goat had been selected as a satanic symbol. <i>'Hircus Civis Eblanensis.'</i> There was a good deal of the surefootedness and toughness of the mountain goat in Joyce's own composition.' </b><br /><br />Frank Budgen 'Further Recollections of James Joyce<i>'</i>, <i>Partisan Review</i>, 1956<p></p><p><b>'We reached the zoo, and Joyce declared that he didn't care much for the animals; only cats and goats appealed to him....The goats entertained him highly with their pranks.' </b></p>Ole Vinding, 'Joyce in Copenhagen', <i>Portraits of the Artist in Exile </i></div><div class="column"><br /></div><div class="column">James Joyce loved goats, which caper through the pages of his books, especially <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. Goats are individualists and anarchists. Joyce identified with their independence and stubbornness.</div><div class="column"><br /></div><div class="column">Joyce liked goats so much that he even grew a goatee beard!</div><div class="column"><br /></div><div class="column"><b>'Shem's bodily getup, included...a trio of barbels from his megageg chin.'</b> 169.11</div><div class="column"><br /></div><div class="column">'Megageg' is the bleating sound made by a goat. So here Joyce is explicitly comparing his own beard with a goat's. </div><div class="column"><br /></div></div></div></div></div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw-LzMp4iOI4_qejT9UVxGGYv17BcYXFnzxXrvpM3JipLQFf_zmLuUN6b51i8QvclyNBce-jL02y9HlDk1gZLe2Xn1AadYwPs7FJEI5QLBHYu8oShplvJzkivu73f6fE8QpyRwltfDICFrA-TJTHDFbOUIC2hp0IrJwix6K9SLCpoUAM3NZZONqEI/s1705/5BFA0C0E-7778-46BF-B889-BD1DBA948153.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1705" data-original-width="1270" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw-LzMp4iOI4_qejT9UVxGGYv17BcYXFnzxXrvpM3JipLQFf_zmLuUN6b51i8QvclyNBce-jL02y9HlDk1gZLe2Xn1AadYwPs7FJEI5QLBHYu8oShplvJzkivu73f6fE8QpyRwltfDICFrA-TJTHDFbOUIC2hp0IrJwix6K9SLCpoUAM3NZZONqEI/s320/5BFA0C0E-7778-46BF-B889-BD1DBA948153.jpeg" width="238" /></a></div><div class="separator"> </div><h4 style="text-align: left;">GOATS VS SHEEP</h4><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">Here's a photo of a flock of sheep and goats I saw in Alonissos, in Greece. The timid conformist sheep are keeping to the safe level central ground, while the bold inquisitive goats are exploring the edges.</div><div class="separator"><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIfhGBp6WaIoUS9_KnpjHyh5lrdmXB9WrLHgI7OIoBgHQ6FDQLEjkkHn_YasrVceZ3GIu9mpKiwTzODIjDk8O49qPx_6HfRs9ugrl0Q92Xk1Z3wWhFdLejexqcn9w40hIiw2YJrS9MRmI9Pi1aej5TQIDgT4UAbe6IW6Q640NvcP7qMLb9ufUlcd0/s1728/FAD3B1D1-929C-4DB0-8854-39AC7C466831.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="1728" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIfhGBp6WaIoUS9_KnpjHyh5lrdmXB9WrLHgI7OIoBgHQ6FDQLEjkkHn_YasrVceZ3GIu9mpKiwTzODIjDk8O49qPx_6HfRs9ugrl0Q92Xk1Z3wWhFdLejexqcn9w40hIiw2YJrS9MRmI9Pi1aej5TQIDgT4UAbe6IW6Q640NvcP7qMLb9ufUlcd0/w400-h266/FAD3B1D1-929C-4DB0-8854-39AC7C466831.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><div class="separator">Joyce preferred goats to sheep, reversing the position of Jesus Christ, in the gospel of Matthew:</div><div class="separator"><br /></div><b>'All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. He will put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left. Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world....Then shall he say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels.' </b><div class="separator"><div><br /></div><div><i>Matthew</i> 25 32-41</div><div><div class="separator"><br /></div></div></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/2/#" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU69Dcb3nvWhYe5LxgEzQBZ0g9KiZtoIuYEQI7mxy0Vhvep_QsynmW-VTInyOVq3cXsEgQw2L4gR1bgBN3VRT37Osw3GN_t4y-cgiAnlGYKFIBJ_2Fh_jnwZv_HqndmD4FBtlcN_YAfV8/w400-h276/goatsravenna.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Christ saves the sheep and damns the goats</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">If you look up the Matthew passage online, you'll find lots of Christian writing explaining why Jesus preferred sheep to goats. They often repeat the saying 'Shepherds protect sheep from their environment, whereas goatherds protect the environment from their goats.' </div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzoQnGaYFU-K5yefaCWDlAsFlYiTGcav_z6F818qhJYiKfJgN6mxi6B6S9_P5KX207E0WlaJRyvOrWT-kfJKPVYQCVvGF_cfhG0t-T_TuuTm1jERZO8jLydPJa2NlzDWK6CfUTWTJ3ASDWNRKqGoEnV71zao1iMKQX5P5CzKRLJyM4YpfQI3MyNpc/s901/headline2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="173" data-original-width="901" height="76" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzoQnGaYFU-K5yefaCWDlAsFlYiTGcav_z6F818qhJYiKfJgN6mxi6B6S9_P5KX207E0WlaJRyvOrWT-kfJKPVYQCVvGF_cfhG0t-T_TuuTm1jERZO8jLydPJa2NlzDWK6CfUTWTJ3ASDWNRKqGoEnV71zao1iMKQX5P5CzKRLJyM4YpfQI3MyNpc/w400-h76/headline2.png" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator"><div class="separator"><div><div class="separator">In <i>Finnegans Wake</i>, there are more than thirty uses of the goat/sheep motif, which you can <a href="http://www.fweet.org/cgi-bin/fw_grep.cgi?i=1&c=1&a=1&b=1&s=_M,goat/sheep_&escope=1&dist=4&ndist=4&fontsz=100&showtxt=1">read here in fweet</a>. Shem the Penman, the artist, is the goat. The conformist Shaun the Post is the sheep.</div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator"><h4>'I AM NOW HOPELESSLY WITH THE GOATS'</h4><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEistm6-C_fODugHIxy5DBr6gjqJeyLblP6LJdpN0DPJKl_DVm3RsOxr42oF1e1HhJXg3Cq7Gle5UuF9x57NKGasypHFeLhHIEkSi251Jjnmvk3j-V-1ZBGZq2U8Z8fj2OeYZDGpgAkuR78Kl0nT5Oz1g7mk0NDFI-p2tGsPnt1LO1Cw1xYz6ebZRns/s797/Exag.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="797" data-original-width="585" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEistm6-C_fODugHIxy5DBr6gjqJeyLblP6LJdpN0DPJKl_DVm3RsOxr42oF1e1HhJXg3Cq7Gle5UuF9x57NKGasypHFeLhHIEkSi251Jjnmvk3j-V-1ZBGZq2U8Z8fj2OeYZDGpgAkuR78Kl0nT5Oz1g7mk0NDFI-p2tGsPnt1LO1Cw1xYz6ebZRns/s320/Exag.png" width="235" /></a></div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">Here's the <i>Exagmination</i>, a 1929 defence of <i>Work in Progress</i> overseen by Joyce, who picked the title. Richard Ellmann says that <b>'The spelling of Exagmination was to claim its etymological derivation from <i>ex agmine</i>, a hint that his goats had been separated from the sheep.' </b></div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div><div class="separator">When the <i>Exagmination</i> came out, Joyce wrote a letter to Valery Larbaud in which he parodied Christ's words damning the goats, applying them instead to the sheep:</div><div class="separator"><i><b><br /></b></i></div><div class="separator"><b>'I am now hopelessly with the goats and can only think and write capriciously. Depart from me ye bleaters, into everlasting sleep which was prepared for Academicians and their agues!'</b></div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">To Valery Larbaud, 30 July 1929, <i>Letters</i> 1, 284</div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">The bleating sheep were the enemies of <i>Work in Progress</i>. Joyce's chosen goats were the <i>Exagmination</i>'s twelve writers (a parallel with Christ's apostles).</div></div><div class="separator"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwgMnyY8TfFliq2Ld3oUJyC7nJRXw11ysU0e9P_Vcq1fszjPXONG077mTlrvOmDAOCwInfmP7i32TUnfPsCi-NS18pRrPskR6yQiWLxs-x3owJts5qPMIsqOSqgCsbte5Sb9x3HU_uelcL4yYi7RQNwfETGdpSSdOi52LtkhYZIecERP_aeQMVcLg/s3865/goat1.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3865" data-original-width="2626" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwgMnyY8TfFliq2Ld3oUJyC7nJRXw11ysU0e9P_Vcq1fszjPXONG077mTlrvOmDAOCwInfmP7i32TUnfPsCi-NS18pRrPskR6yQiWLxs-x3owJts5qPMIsqOSqgCsbte5Sb9x3HU_uelcL4yYi7RQNwfETGdpSSdOi52LtkhYZIecERP_aeQMVcLg/w271-h400/goat1.jpeg" width="271" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">This goat I photographed in Ithaca tried to steal our sandwiches</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator"><h4>'A HELL OF LECHEROUS GOATISH FIENDS'</h4><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">In <i>A Portrait,</i> Stephen Dedalus, terrified of the hellfire sermon, temporarily joins the sheep and denies his goat nature. This vivid surreal scene is the only negative description of goats I can find in Joyce's writing:</div><div class="separator"><br /></div><b>'Creatures were in the field; one, three, six: creatures were moving in the field, hither and thither. Goatish creatures with human faces, hornybrowed, lightly bearded and grey as indiarubber. The malice of evil glittered in their hard eyes, as they moved hither and thither, trailing their long tails behind them. A rictus of cruel malignity lit up greyly their old bony faces. One was clasping about his ribs a torn flannel waistcoat, another complained monotonously as his beard stuck in the tufted weeds....That was his hell. God had allowed him to see the hell reserved for his sins: stinking, bestial, malignant, a hell of lecherous goatish fiends.'</b><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">For the rest of his life, James Joyce identified with the goats. </div><div><br /></div></div></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">SCAPEGOATS</h4><div class="separator"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEqGC9xZ4K5LXmcRzx1Z6uSFUBjposUP8EoQ1_14W6xl7TMA1wCTGjjsZ77kBuo0cq2lwZBNnCslLF1YTWDv8DyaXRUdjuAWmdhFC5GUb1_4SBs7IahaqSl4rLMuL-IgyFKFSZcYlObj2JAIEU6JlZ1QQi2PkE3IeaS38RaKroY3mf_J89hdB7mz4/s597/Screenshot%202022-06-10%20at%2016.41.07.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="353" data-original-width="597" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEqGC9xZ4K5LXmcRzx1Z6uSFUBjposUP8EoQ1_14W6xl7TMA1wCTGjjsZ77kBuo0cq2lwZBNnCslLF1YTWDv8DyaXRUdjuAWmdhFC5GUb1_4SBs7IahaqSl4rLMuL-IgyFKFSZcYlObj2JAIEU6JlZ1QQi2PkE3IeaS38RaKroY3mf_J89hdB7mz4/w400-h236/Screenshot%202022-06-10%20at%2016.41.07.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Holman Hunt's The Scapegoat, 1854-6</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">Shem is also a scapegoat, the goat sent into the wilderness carrying the sins of the people, described in Leviticus 16:7-22:</div><br /><b>'And he shall take the two goats, and present them before the Lord at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for the Lord, and the other lot for the scapegoat. And Aaron shall bring the goat upon which the Lord's lot fell, and offer him for a sin offering. But the goat, on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat, shall be presented alive before the Lord, to make an atonement with him, and to let him go for a scapegoat into the wilderness....And the goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities unto a land not inhabited: and he shall let go the goat in the wilderness.'</b></div><div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">Here is Shaun describing his brother:</div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator"><b>'my allaboy brother...whom 'tis better ne'er to name, my said brother, the skipgod expelled for looking at churches from behind'.</b> 488.22</div></div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">skipgod = scapegoat and the goat that <b>skips</b> being offered as a sacrifice for the Lord</div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">R.J. Schork argues that HCE is a Mosaic scapegoat and a Roman comedy lecherous billygoat. See his wonderful 1993 article<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27710807"> 'Sheep, Goats, and the Figura Etymologica in <i>Finnegans Wake</i>' which is online here</a>. </div><div class="separator"><br /></div>Sometimes Joyce uses the German term for scapegoat, 'sündenbock':</div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator"><b>'sindbook for all the peoples'</b> 229.32</div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator"><b>'their sindybuck that saved a city'</b> 412.35</div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator">When the cad first appears, he is carrying<b> 'his overgoat under his schulder, sheepside out'</b> (35.13). 'Schuld' is guilt in German.</div><div class="separator"><br /></div></div><div><h4 style="text-align: left;">'THE FIRST MAN OF DUBLIN WAS A HE-GOAT'</h4><div><br /></div><div class="separator">In the Anna Livia chapter, the washerwomen describe Earwicker as a he-goat, suckling Shem and Shaun.</div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator"><i><b>Hircus Civis Eblanensis!</b></i><span style="background-color: #fefefe;"><b> He had buckgoat paps on him, soft ones for orphans. Ho, Lord! Twins of his bosom. </b>215.27</span></div><div class="separator"><br /></div><div class="separator"><span style="background-color: #fefefe;">The Latin name means 'Goat Citizen of Eblana', a term used by Ptolemy in his Geography, later identified by antiquarians with Dublin. Joyce must have talked about this line with Frank Budgen, who related it to the white goat in the Champs Elysées above.</span></div><div class="separator"><span style="background-color: #fefefe;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator"><span style="background-color: #fefefe;">Joyce gave an extraordinary gloss on this passage to C.K.Ogden:</span></div><div class="separator"><span style="background-color: #fefefe;"><br /></span></div><b>'The first man of Dublin was a he-goat.<br />Again the letters of Haveth Childers Everywhere.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="background-color: #fefefe;">The male suckling is from an ancient Irish ritual. In his Confession, </span><a href="https://www.confessio.ie/etexts/confessio_english#" style="background-color: #fefefe;">St Patrick writes of an encounter with Irish sailors: 'I refused to suck their nipples because of my reverence for God.'</a></div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">A GLASS OF GOAT'S MILK</h4><div><br /><div><b><br /></b><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqumNfqePOSDZSaao0bt7sVSUtfKpJylRIUIbZ73rdc8AA1YXrIdfnLzGFDq-13VVSuheNSNscTD7oarl3v6Mi80vEIvjRcjCqWPNZg-fohuT0V7ywA0wiOJZ1QGzZ-bFkpKJE_TNJ6xg/w400-h304/a+glass+of+goat%2527s+milk.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The first man of Dublin?</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator"><i> </i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrZfP2TLoRwPcQOg9uLt6Ja2YQcqtA8Vx5SY-ORY3_TFCVyLO85CRMwjk4k8CM2NC8eAc1EeYeSldLN1p70Pd1U62bNh2ZalRJwcv7e69jX0g8-6EYZoVLY9wZvmqepzdrrOZnXerPgH93p59ALyaas62N05RDI5kUpFBjXqSZHaWqVML9geFJ7zY/s4139/film.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4139" data-original-width="1709" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrZfP2TLoRwPcQOg9uLt6Ja2YQcqtA8Vx5SY-ORY3_TFCVyLO85CRMwjk4k8CM2NC8eAc1EeYeSldLN1p70Pd1U62bNh2ZalRJwcv7e69jX0g8-6EYZoVLY9wZvmqepzdrrOZnXerPgH93p59ALyaas62N05RDI5kUpFBjXqSZHaWqVML9geFJ7zY/s320/film.jpeg" width="132" /></a></div>Here's a still from Percy Stow's 1909 film, <i>A Glass of Goat's Milk</i>, which Joyce showed at the Volta, Dublin's first cinema, in February 1910. This<a href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1380278/index.html"> description is from the BFI</a>:</div><div><b><br /></b></div><b>'In this simple comedy a man drinks the milk of a particularly aggressive goat and grows horns. Instead off using a dissolve, director Percy Stow does it the old fashioned way, with a pair of inflatable horns, fashioned from paper, which blow up as we watch. The goat/man then proceeds to butt everything in sight before getting his horns stuck in a wooden winch where they are finally detached from his head....The actor, whoever he might be, does a splendid goat impression and the comedy builds in a satisfying way as the goat/man demolishes ever larger and more surprising objects - did they really cut down a tree specially for this film? - and there are some amusing special film effects, as when the dairyman is butted up into the air. '</b><div><div><br /></div><div>I saw this, with piano accompaniment, at the National Film Theatre on Bloomsday in 1995, when it was part of a programme of films, curated by Luke McKernan, from the Volta (left). It was the only film I could imagine Joyce personally choosing for the programme. The other films were Italian, and probably chosen by Joyce's partners from Trieste.</div><div><br /></div><div>After reviving at his wake, Tim Finnegan told to stay lying in his coffin, is promised funerary offerings, including a glass of goat's milk:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'<span style="background-color: #fefefe;">And we’ll be coming here, the ombre players, to rake your gravel and bringing you presents, won’t we, fenians?...</span><span style="background-color: #fefefe;">and some goat’s milk, sir, like the maid used to bring you.</span></b><span style="background-color: #fefefe;"><b> '</b> 24.35</span></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div><h4 style="text-align: left;">THE GOAT KING OF KILLORGLIN</h4><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/2/#" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA-Ozee7rBBFeeqYMCw_52u3RijLZrstmuJUATi1aKyaXi3ZlaqAjUfXHHh3XiO1DvxcXIQczrqmt5LUy021lY2GU70bjDYRX7KbLkNPw-Ormbs2lXpbSmHt9W7Xj998LdgCksLNPvr2k/s320/Screenshot+2021-05-24+at+16.35.38.png" /></a></div><br />My favourite goat in<i> Finnegans Wake</i> makes an appearance as a 'litigant' in the Festy King trial on pages 85-92. Festy King was a real name, but Joyce also plays with the word king as title, bringing in a comic group of Irish kings:<br /><br /><b>'The litigants, he said, local congsmen and donalds, kings of the arans and the dalkeys, kings of mud and tory, even the goat king of Killorglin, were egged on by their supporters' </b>87.24-26</div><div><br /></div><div>There really is a Goat King of Killorglin, chosen every year at the Puck Fair in Killorglin, County Kerry. Here's a lovely film about the ceremony.</div><div><br /></div><div>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/2/#" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/TCHFKUi25xA" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/TCHFKUi25xA/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe>
<br /><br /></div><div><div><h4 style="text-align: left;">THE NANNYGOAT ON BEN HOWTH</h4></div><br />In <i>Ulysses</i>, the only witness of Bloom and Molly's lovemaking on Ben Howth is a surefooted nannygoat:<br /><br /><b>'She lay still. A goat. No-one. High on Ben Howth rhododendrons a nannygoat walking surefooted, dropping currants. Screened under ferns she laughed warmfolded. Wildly I lay on her, kissed her: eyes, her lips, her stretched neck beating, woman’s breasts full in her blouse of nun’s veiling, fat nipples upright. ' </b><br /><br />The goat has a speaking role in the Circe episode:<br /><br /><b>(High on Ben Howth through rhododendrons a nannygoat passes, plumpuddered, buttytailed, dropping currants.)<br /><br />THE NANNYGOAT: (Bleats.) Megeggaggegg! Nannannanny!</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Old Irish Goats have now <a href="https://oldirishgoat.ie/old-irish-goats-return-to-howth-head-after-century/">been reintroduced to Howth, by the Old Irish Goat Society</a>, creating a perfect opportunity to reenact the big kiss scene.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWWt_Kw9fNl4z07uqfDulSk6aH35nbMKfdzJAIbsT0gnzRYMH4Vx3EECrC45eBM4VSzuyJOPAGHI1cEkU0Sa5NWAI_ypuE_1C46GWjEtlWn9VGEnim3lkc79KgocISCgIV2d4owUIi7a5iFURAKtkRgAKQtpHwnSHzj1jZBKzO8jcwz2mo0GBvuY0/s824/Screenshot%202022-06-10%20at%2012.18.59.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="824" data-original-width="711" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWWt_Kw9fNl4z07uqfDulSk6aH35nbMKfdzJAIbsT0gnzRYMH4Vx3EECrC45eBM4VSzuyJOPAGHI1cEkU0Sa5NWAI_ypuE_1C46GWjEtlWn9VGEnim3lkc79KgocISCgIV2d4owUIi7a5iFURAKtkRgAKQtpHwnSHzj1jZBKzO8jcwz2mo0GBvuY0/w345-h400/Screenshot%202022-06-10%20at%2012.18.59.png" width="345" /></a></div><br /><div><iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/-oW1_rJtjKA" width="480"></iframe></div><div><p><br /></p><h4 style="text-align: left;">LOOKING FOR OLD IRISH GOATS IN HOWTH</h4><div><br /></div><div>Lisa and I were in Dublin last week, for the big Bloomsday celebrations. On 15 June, we had day out in Howth, where I hoped to see some of the Old Irish Goats. </div><div><br /></div><div>We made boat trip in the Little Flower (Ireland's smallest and oldest passenger ferry) to Ireland's Eye</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8BOpEn9G9Wrrt4j_L6-tKv2oY0BMvJs0fQ5SNMhEDX7PUqIHeWGkFVgJzMV3JqzZq6dnyv94S_zN3punWRb9yuVbOUDSMjHFmQNVS0mQxpsoRqvuyHLOw56SnbA2mWsk6_2o8tqm7m2gZ4uTAR_dZhQlX7WT63O3ulNY2acPCBcZdj0NZQuo373c/s4298/DSC_0147.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2865" data-original-width="4298" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8BOpEn9G9Wrrt4j_L6-tKv2oY0BMvJs0fQ5SNMhEDX7PUqIHeWGkFVgJzMV3JqzZq6dnyv94S_zN3punWRb9yuVbOUDSMjHFmQNVS0mQxpsoRqvuyHLOw56SnbA2mWsk6_2o8tqm7m2gZ4uTAR_dZhQlX7WT63O3ulNY2acPCBcZdj0NZQuo373c/s320/DSC_0147.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div>We saw loads of guillemots<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7eN6H_vdTqolZAw1c39Fd0EhMhTB8M5Chw1eRIvAEOyf-1HuJuJxAX5oRiYtuLx7gwdBBvDm1WOcfsuepCYOnxrv8KAx6XKys1F2vAN-O1i_tOZ-5crj0ary23zjqo1o6DqXy30_sbJxbAp9vWAY7OlqWMablHJOGaGyB7ISmoJFmPhZpU1UpqVY/s4608/DSC_0129.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7eN6H_vdTqolZAw1c39Fd0EhMhTB8M5Chw1eRIvAEOyf-1HuJuJxAX5oRiYtuLx7gwdBBvDm1WOcfsuepCYOnxrv8KAx6XKys1F2vAN-O1i_tOZ-5crj0ary23zjqo1o6DqXy30_sbJxbAp9vWAY7OlqWMablHJOGaGyB7ISmoJFmPhZpU1UpqVY/s320/DSC_0129.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><div><div><br /></div><div>Back on Howth Head, it was a perfect weather for goat spotting</div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic6PpNy-_SBA6oEMxIEczcZ-ldY3STvlKEuonIQDDbCKAUj8hhhpIg2ieKVxvFdDKOGNAajRtRXDEBbQz5XAPyRGPEj2dz6GjNDs9IfBs_LbymHyf13GVAC4WOIoitkMYrqofyHH-PSAK1waKWXtD35-lPBmtVe_ag2BBs3Q1zBZwQFTyPT21YqIo/s4608/DSC_0158.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic6PpNy-_SBA6oEMxIEczcZ-ldY3STvlKEuonIQDDbCKAUj8hhhpIg2ieKVxvFdDKOGNAajRtRXDEBbQz5XAPyRGPEj2dz6GjNDs9IfBs_LbymHyf13GVAC4WOIoitkMYrqofyHH-PSAK1waKWXtD35-lPBmtVe_ag2BBs3Q1zBZwQFTyPT21YqIo/s320/DSC_0158.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div></div><div><br /></div><div>The view south to Dalkey Island (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_EkIzqw7NY">which also has wild goats</a>)</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG8DLMai3vpwT9SdgI6mwNT3b_1CTOkm_HotA4H6Dw9W82h2rEaJRHnKVljKyA6l9y8XtgfPWcO27ls_k0ZshXi09QRr03xsApIci5BwF5wr11ktQ5HLtdLlQEk2p_QtSYgFAGtbsUonU1B_fQqaC4YVJAvWlvPJwHfrJ67gSQw5PECoiZYG_YF_o/s4419/DSC_0155.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2946" data-original-width="4419" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG8DLMai3vpwT9SdgI6mwNT3b_1CTOkm_HotA4H6Dw9W82h2rEaJRHnKVljKyA6l9y8XtgfPWcO27ls_k0ZshXi09QRr03xsApIci5BwF5wr11ktQ5HLtdLlQEk2p_QtSYgFAGtbsUonU1B_fQqaC4YVJAvWlvPJwHfrJ67gSQw5PECoiZYG_YF_o/s320/DSC_0155.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Here's the Bailey Lighthouse</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZgI35VRjXbH15cykFKERiGR3LBrqSRifUnlYDJg2wJa8WwX5as0BKKqiTknnwMG82fQfawiHdGtlkGvDB5hHP28FPdTBasp_KTpnSwFjoUFV4MMxbR6EkAG0HdUpiLwiW8xbGM1Aj414mTv4NlR1omOVbcvaYyCDRygMRxmed0OzgwrMeW4zCvGI/s4608/DSC_0159.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZgI35VRjXbH15cykFKERiGR3LBrqSRifUnlYDJg2wJa8WwX5as0BKKqiTknnwMG82fQfawiHdGtlkGvDB5hHP28FPdTBasp_KTpnSwFjoUFV4MMxbR6EkAG0HdUpiLwiW8xbGM1Aj414mTv4NlR1omOVbcvaYyCDRygMRxmed0OzgwrMeW4zCvGI/s320/DSC_0159.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div>We saw two llamas</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAR_16VAvFTf7lQHxV30gbKzXAz27L1AIw7uLpd-q5hILM-7xkNdwzuh7Fav6CF2Iyfd0A-rezVJeC6hsyNndtLJoe2wk3Q3Q3RH2uYN_RpopByW7qXg2F2aHB3ZvHYPAhWyW4BicE277wtxZg4KF0a0u5YQxFiJ6NEJup7ao59MiJcpeWafYRAeE/s4608/DSC_0165.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAR_16VAvFTf7lQHxV30gbKzXAz27L1AIw7uLpd-q5hILM-7xkNdwzuh7Fav6CF2Iyfd0A-rezVJeC6hsyNndtLJoe2wk3Q3Q3RH2uYN_RpopByW7qXg2F2aHB3ZvHYPAhWyW4BicE277wtxZg4KF0a0u5YQxFiJ6NEJup7ao59MiJcpeWafYRAeE/s320/DSC_0165.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br />But there was no sign of any goats!</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiBqKndMBjox_UbwojYsKG0Rfwf72yhj7NHGAXZi_rpqb2Hv2MjpQDwFb455Fda8wqD367aEz3M6dNYuA_OE9ffVXWhD2hakvhX3QlllMcr0CgNmwMiAPgM2MLl9nshU6g00hpYaqGzZkU6aapjS9wD06O2egDHayzoSlJkYmrUuBTATVWvnI_4i8/s4608/DSC_0164.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiBqKndMBjox_UbwojYsKG0Rfwf72yhj7NHGAXZi_rpqb2Hv2MjpQDwFb455Fda8wqD367aEz3M6dNYuA_OE9ffVXWhD2hakvhX3QlllMcr0CgNmwMiAPgM2MLl9nshU6g00hpYaqGzZkU6aapjS9wD06O2egDHayzoSlJkYmrUuBTATVWvnI_4i8/s320/DSC_0164.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>After our day out, I learned on twitter that the Old Irish Goat Society had staged their own photo renactment with a magnificent goat. On Instagram, they <a href="https://www.instagram.com/reel/Ce3mv1rKsds/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=c07cd11f-42f6-4169-9b09-07a6b04e2d2b">posted film of of the shoot </a>with this description:</div><div><br /></div><b>'When Joycean Clare Taylor, approached us about a photoshoot with the goats to mark the centenary of <i>Ulysses</i>, we were a little nervous truth be told! Goats do their own thing it’s a known fact, & ours have a significant horned-presence, which made us question if it would be safe. What we didn’t expect was a day full of laughter & unforgettable moments, like when our handsome goat decided to remove Leopold’s pocket-square in the middle of a shot.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_JIfggJYT5cHZ2LxAsDMt-82Nb3qpUsTE2KByoGnVaOdb6gH9gjhzBzGi236-xqvtLegWrIWgAPkwjdaskLpsrbwi1XTza9nHzwF1bH6s0chm-XJI72-gX5bzZkArUBis-wbASTJaujUoEr0PpKAOaWLulAeSfAvn3vScOwqDwtfZQB6Stuv4wE4/s631/Screenshot%202022-07-01%20at%2015.32.27.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="583" data-original-width="631" height="370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_JIfggJYT5cHZ2LxAsDMt-82Nb3qpUsTE2KByoGnVaOdb6gH9gjhzBzGi236-xqvtLegWrIWgAPkwjdaskLpsrbwi1XTza9nHzwF1bH6s0chm-XJI72-gX5bzZkArUBis-wbASTJaujUoEr0PpKAOaWLulAeSfAvn3vScOwqDwtfZQB6Stuv4wE4/w400-h370/Screenshot%202022-07-01%20at%2015.32.27.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">picture and report <a href="https://www.irishcentral.com/culture/bloomsday-old-irish-goats">from Irishcentral.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>When I mentioned my own failure to find a goat, they tweeted a kind invitation to give me a private tour. </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwZa3dw6mE9GWx_RsNDjZSYeSLHrrM7-Re7NffnxjIjM6VOLrl0OH1t8Twp0bDo5XO5lVl2_fYy5gG7exqxHu7SoUjSy49_s1MfoVxP5uDrlJ3UkBnRDpnpMqgVE0cVQ5mGmVUVdA_GoyjtKbXUP9ug3nM1lOtXbgmE5Gzxey6HDIgFMipe3W91v0/s595/Screenshot%202022-07-02%20at%2013.38.25.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="528" data-original-width="595" height="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwZa3dw6mE9GWx_RsNDjZSYeSLHrrM7-Re7NffnxjIjM6VOLrl0OH1t8Twp0bDo5XO5lVl2_fYy5gG7exqxHu7SoUjSy49_s1MfoVxP5uDrlJ3UkBnRDpnpMqgVE0cVQ5mGmVUVdA_GoyjtKbXUP9ug3nM1lOtXbgmE5Gzxey6HDIgFMipe3W91v0/w400-h355/Screenshot%202022-07-02%20at%2013.38.25.png" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Unfortunately, we'd already gone south to Bray by this time.</div><div><br /></div><div>I did find a sheep in Dublin, at F.X.Buckley's (Wakean name!) butcher shop in Talbot Street.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6ZY0BwxE6CQtxHDRkrCW_BCEYp5tQowlfze4DOzNCJ6y3Ww-auN2gESq_TWuFauUcviLamQo6UTMa1lLg1wTLFQiZeKZT5oNsrtO9qFxNJp5lGFqEIokOR20hB2G_kVitBo-0gL3OubMxB0toLgsogoG0usqZjmD9Fq20P52VFj-pupgoVvidl9g/s3242/DSC_0455.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2217" data-original-width="3242" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6ZY0BwxE6CQtxHDRkrCW_BCEYp5tQowlfze4DOzNCJ6y3Ww-auN2gESq_TWuFauUcviLamQo6UTMa1lLg1wTLFQiZeKZT5oNsrtO9qFxNJp5lGFqEIokOR20hB2G_kVitBo-0gL3OubMxB0toLgsogoG0usqZjmD9Fq20P52VFj-pupgoVvidl9g/s320/DSC_0455.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>But the only goat I saw was this one on the wall of Sheridans the cheesemongers...</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn_QNCLEOkQ0nqGPhbS7zWxpUMzqA6MQXorpZtjv-cdgid0nvUPRYYnov7pbB4KtKwKTmIMFNIsarNhUBxJpka29cuTvOz8WaA2wzH01XpLWFS9ZIydh29fKq3bZ5pRiXswDZDlsu1uCDicnBEmd7k_WUdDpXPZGDr9SpqfEeB5yK-2agrnXZa4r4/s2620/DSC_0482%20(1).jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2582" data-original-width="2620" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn_QNCLEOkQ0nqGPhbS7zWxpUMzqA6MQXorpZtjv-cdgid0nvUPRYYnov7pbB4KtKwKTmIMFNIsarNhUBxJpka29cuTvOz8WaA2wzH01XpLWFS9ZIydh29fKq3bZ5pRiXswDZDlsu1uCDicnBEmd7k_WUdDpXPZGDr9SpqfEeB5yK-2agrnXZa4r4/s320/DSC_0482%20(1).jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><br /></div></div></div></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-32418777217089642542022-05-12T10:50:00.021+01:002022-05-14T10:58:17.405+01:00The First Reviews of Finnegans Wake<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="font-weight: bold;"><div dir="ltr" style="font-weight: normal;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>'(Joyce) </b></span><b>devoured the reviews of <i>Finnegans Wake</i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">, but <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">quickly grew disappointed and even moro<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">se</span>. <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A</span>s each one was read he listened intently, then sighed<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">.'</span></span></span> </b></span></span></span></div></div><div><br /></div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">R</span>ichard Ellmann <i>James Joyce</i>, 1982, p.722 <div><br /></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2RwgpQGmYWWDo0bOTqDLp6Bw4mJRsPMfSqmAaTCb47S3ij4zp1dj7tQN1DFcSX5tMWTroUj3a0BArFyCvKVG2LPsCw7zLXPZ1EJzHAul_Pp26zv1NSbMoYzfr34s7t1RWgY4amnP3dEeBNWaTY1QOAcLbf2-Wrcspv3PK6q6CRjSltKc-DXZLI-g/s515/Time.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="515" data-original-width="375" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2RwgpQGmYWWDo0bOTqDLp6Bw4mJRsPMfSqmAaTCb47S3ij4zp1dj7tQN1DFcSX5tMWTroUj3a0BArFyCvKVG2LPsCw7zLXPZ1EJzHAul_Pp26zv1NSbMoYzfr34s7t1RWgY4amnP3dEeBNWaTY1QOAcLbf2-Wrcspv3PK6q6CRjSltKc-DXZLI-g/w291-h400/Time.png" width="291" /></a><div>The May 1939 issue of <i>Time</i> magazine carried a lengthy profile of Joyce by Whittaker Chambers. This part should be read out loud, preferably in the voice of Orson Welles:</div><div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Generations of diviners, black magicians, fortune tellers and poets have made night and dreams their province, interpreting the troubled images that float through men’s sleeping minds as omens of good and evil....Only of late have psychologists asserted that dreams tell nothing about men’s future, much about their hidden or forgotten past. In dreams, this past floats, usually uncensored and distorted, to the surface of their slumbering consciousness.This week, for the first time, a writer had attempted to make articulate this wordless world of sleep. The writer is James Joyce; the book, <i>Finnegans Wake</i> — final title of his long-heralded Work in Progress....</b></div><div><br /></div><b>Joyce’s idea in <i>Finnegans Wake</i> is not new. More than a hundred years ago, when Nathaniel Hawthorne was living in Salem, he jotted in his notebook an idea for a story: “To write a dream which shall resemble the real course of a dream, with all its inconsistency, its strange transformations . . . with nevertheless a leading idea running through the whole. Up to this old age of the world, no such thing has ever been written.”<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5uT99MsveMTV8-RWWN2yqbtNBaFIu3yII0jK_TnZiE_6kjBvzEpniQTrY_giNlFFoGA1PIKPY0WGrXSsPNNdstrV3CrYrYc7BvFAllOZ4pAe_l09lusrlmheOC6pIIBVwBRl-wg2DkMe15JInhAfX88oW4JIjZrCQbHJHBqpGrsqYWCT2fem7qwU/s775/chambers.png" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="775" data-original-width="568" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5uT99MsveMTV8-RWWN2yqbtNBaFIu3yII0jK_TnZiE_6kjBvzEpniQTrY_giNlFFoGA1PIKPY0WGrXSsPNNdstrV3CrYrYc7BvFAllOZ4pAe_l09lusrlmheOC6pIIBVwBRl-wg2DkMe15JInhAfX88oW4JIjZrCQbHJHBqpGrsqYWCT2fem7qwU/w147-h200/chambers.png" width="147" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Whittaker Chambers</span></td></tr></tbody></table></b><div><b><br />But Joyce’s method is new. Dreams exist as sensation or impression, not as speech. Words are spoken in dreams, but they are usually not the words of waking life, may be capable of multiple meanings, or may even be understood in several different senses by the same dreamer at the same moment. Since dreams take place in a state of suspended consciousness, out of which language itself arises, Joyce creates, in <i>Finnegans Wake</i>, a dream language to communicate the dream itself.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>So the Time cover says 'He wrote Hawthorne's dream book'.</div><div><br /></div><div>Chambers also writes, <b>'At present Joyce is not writing. His wife is trying to get him started on something, because when he is not working he is hard to live with.'<br /></b><div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://whittakerchambers.org/articles/time-c/cover-finnegans-wake/">You can read the whole article on Chambers' website</a> as well as his <a href="#">1941 <i>Time</i> Joyce obituary</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div>Imagine the challenge to the first reviewers of describing such a book! </div><div><div style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></div><div><h4>'A COMPLETE FIASCO'</h4><div><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;">The laziest reviewer was Malcolm Muggeridge, who seems to have read only the opening page:</span><span class="st"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26jKI3hk5Dy6tjKnlafZ6jU6YU5DDWYONXBkV6u0mrqqpCSyQoaxX2bKrh2ekarVYByaqg1vlq4x2NQmEIKegWtRvQ41EVGjdOUlgzDkoU43ICqYTjoZDZ8is_TH-J9XsZlAsSpIdxeg/s1600/Screen+Shot+2016-07-19+at+12.01.34.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="336" data-original-width="293" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26jKI3hk5Dy6tjKnlafZ6jU6YU5DDWYONXBkV6u0mrqqpCSyQoaxX2bKrh2ekarVYByaqg1vlq4x2NQmEIKegWtRvQ41EVGjdOUlgzDkoU43ICqYTjoZDZ8is_TH-J9XsZlAsSpIdxeg/s200/Screen+Shot+2016-07-19+at+12.01.34.png" width="174" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>'Mr. James Joyce's </b><b><i>Finnegans Wake</i> faces the reviewer with peculiar difficulties. In the first place he cannot read it, only battle through a page or so at a time without pleasure or profit. This would not, in itself, matter so much; but he does not know what the book is about. The dust jacket, which might be expected to help, says nothing except that <i>Finnegans Wake</i> has taken sixteen years to write, that it has been more talked about and written about during the period of its composition than any previous work of literature, and that it would inevitably 'be the most important event in any season in which it appeared'.... Considered as a book, and considering the object of a book to be by means of written symbols to convey the author's emotions to the reader, <i>Finnegans Wake</i> must be pronounced a complete fiasco. Such a word as 'bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthurnuk!' is not merely senseless, it is absurd. How many mornings Mr Joyce devoted to coining this particular word, I do not know; perhaps it only took him one morning or just an hour or so; but in any case he was wasting his time as surely as, more surely than, a village idiot trying to catch a sunbeam.'</b></span><br /><i> </i></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><i>TIme and Tide</i>, 20 May 1939 </span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;">The book jacket was indeed of no help to the reviewers.</span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMhGnWNHL2WxzxGlYnVcjMFtcKjNgnVzCIYouUFj627RZPxyk7EYrDObJkQpuGKSgKiGUgFP0ms3-xOTBZqvzNYWjdj5Lrt4-1ov1jH0J7XnqD0ErJ9cL5puHWGs1N40zzg867v7DsfjaTDoCncPGOpeVNT3zBBVwTdRWNwwLDnhort4FRzaqMi3M/s860/dust%20jacket.png" style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="860" data-original-width="760" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMhGnWNHL2WxzxGlYnVcjMFtcKjNgnVzCIYouUFj627RZPxyk7EYrDObJkQpuGKSgKiGUgFP0ms3-xOTBZqvzNYWjdj5Lrt4-1ov1jH0J7XnqD0ErJ9cL5puHWGs1N40zzg867v7DsfjaTDoCncPGOpeVNT3zBBVwTdRWNwwLDnhort4FRzaqMi3M/w283-h320/dust%20jacket.png" width="283" /></a></span></div><h4><br />'GHASTLY STODGE'</h4><div><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;">Richard Aldington was just as contemptuous as Muggeridge, but much angrier. He'd taken his job seriously and actually read the book:</span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihehIrpUPdNONRT4Hfl6w4pCjOjJrWqZ61i4uxNzjsX4Daf0LoRlfzO1TJnhtromOY9rt-aX18a5d6b9nOOZw92yThT3KFBxKCr53FOGzNkfOXxmZoC0Oz1jQ6EgbPSxvs6HDfKHHy4vk/s1600/Screen+Shot+2019-05-04+at+10.49.35.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="421" data-original-width="353" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihehIrpUPdNONRT4Hfl6w4pCjOjJrWqZ61i4uxNzjsX4Daf0LoRlfzO1TJnhtromOY9rt-aX18a5d6b9nOOZw92yThT3KFBxKCr53FOGzNkfOXxmZoC0Oz1jQ6EgbPSxvs6HDfKHHy4vk/s200/Screen+Shot+2019-05-04+at+10.49.35.png" width="167" /></a></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">'Common honesty compels this reviewer to state that he is unable to explain <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">e</span>ither the subject or the meaning (if any) of M<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">r</span> Joyce's book<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">; an<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">d that, having spent several hours a day for more than a fortnight in wretched toil over these 628 pages, he <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">has no intention of wasting on<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">e more minute of precious li<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">fe over <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">M<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">r</span></span> Joy<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ce's futile inventions, tedious ingenuities, and verbal freaks....</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b> What Mr Joyce has written is 628 pages of pedantic nonsense....This heavy compost is frequently infected with that lecherous suggestiveness of which Joyce is a master, which was defended in <i>Ulysses</i> as germane to the characters, but which seems here to have no purpose more </b></span></span><b>interesting than the author's morose delectation...</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b> Such are the main ingredients of this ghastly stodge, repeated over and over again. T</b></span></span><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">he boredom endured in the penance of reading this book is something one would not inflict on any human being, but far be it from me to discourage any reader who prefers to use a perfectly good five-dollar bill to buy <i>Finnegans Wake</i> rather than to light a cigarette with it<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">.<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> (</span>The latter of course will give more lasting satisfaction<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">.) </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> Tr<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">anslated into native Tasmanian, this book should have a well-de<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ser</span>ved sale.'</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /><i>The A<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">t</span>lantic Monthly </i><span style="font-size: small;">June 1939</span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><h4>'DOES NOT ADMIT OF REVIEW'</h4><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5kaeo45hCVMwp3AXtYITjtXlPRqgqBLTI7XJnFOceaFIPhtTHU7sd81nXikBwphGBv9nh8oYgryad6iF3v62qrtaoeARyLVA8SwB7lf7b3C5HFXaRbSWdZdHnDuysFcIwHlUaaQt5KAJhM4CeCMYCXU0RPhbVzGotCD7xbA12zVc8mDO0tCe_WRg/s647/Evans.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="647" data-original-width="440" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5kaeo45hCVMwp3AXtYITjtXlPRqgqBLTI7XJnFOceaFIPhtTHU7sd81nXikBwphGBv9nh8oYgryad6iF3v62qrtaoeARyLVA8SwB7lf7b3C5HFXaRbSWdZdHnDuysFcIwHlUaaQt5KAJhM4CeCMYCXU0RPhbVzGotCD7xbA12zVc8mDO0tCe_WRg/w136-h200/Evans.png" width="136" /></a></div>B. Ifor Evans, in the <i>Manchester Guardian</i>, found the book impossible to review. But, unlike Aldington and Muggeridge, he preferred to suspend judgement:<br /><br /><b>'Mr. Joyce's "Finnegans Wake," parts of which have been published as "Work in Progress," does not admit of review. In twenty years' time, with sufficient study and with the aid of the commentary that will doubtless arise, one might be ready for an attempt to appraise it....The easiest way to deal with the book would be to become "clever" and satirical or to write off Mr. Joyce's latest volume as the work of a charlatan. But the author of "Dubliners," "A Portrait of an Artist," and "Ulysses" is obviously not a charlatan, but an artist of very considerable proportions. I prefer to suspend judgment. If I had had to review Blake's "Prophetic Books" when they first appeared I would have been forced to a similar decision....<br /> This book is nothing apart from its form, and one might as easily describe in words the theme of a Beethoven symphony....One concluding note. Mr. Joyce in a parody of Jung and Freud ("Tung-Toyd") mentioned "Schizo-phrenia." One might imagine that Mr. Joyce had used his great powers deliberately to show the language of a schizophrenic mind, and then he alone could explain his book and, I suppose, he alone review it.'</b><div><b><br /></b></div><div><i>Manchester Guardian</i>, 12 May 1939</div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><br /></h4></div></div><div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><h4>'THERE ARE BETTER GODS THAN PROTEUS'</h4><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">T</span>he<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> American poet, </span><a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/louise-bogan">L<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ouise Bogan</span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">look<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ed at</span> Joyce's <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">claim that he was writing about the night and <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">un</span>conscious<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">. <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">She was also the first genetic critic, comparing the publish<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ed te<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">xt with earlier <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ve</span>rsion<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">s</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">:</span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivngsKI2adNY9q6WU41zoFsS7KsMLx3NrbSoRtVAZqJaMYQrgxAdx0RQIG42Hyck8BDduX8Xx5YSV4fbvEjafuUoLObIwkf9E6sGWiJ7PhJFFZRm1OBkY1sThzBkUHUETCS2xPJ_z9lyo/s1600/Screen+Shot+2019-05-04+at+11.09.08.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="281" data-original-width="280" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivngsKI2adNY9q6WU41zoFsS7KsMLx3NrbSoRtVAZqJaMYQrgxAdx0RQIG42Hyck8BDduX8Xx5YSV4fbvEjafuUoLObIwkf9E6sGWiJ7PhJFFZRm1OBkY1sThzBkUHUETCS2xPJ_z9lyo/s200/Screen+Shot+2019-05-04+at+11.09.08.png" width="199" /></a></div><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">'<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">T</span>here is n<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">othing what<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ever to indicate that Joyce has any real knowledge of the workings of the subconscious, in sleep or othe<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">rwise...<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">.The later versions of t<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">he</span> fragments already published seem to be changed out of sheer perve<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">rs</span>ity: a c<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">laus</span>e is omitted leaving nothing but a <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">vestigial preposition; a singular noun is shifted to the plura<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">l and the meaning is t<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">here</span>by successful<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">l</span>y clouded</span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">....</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">T</span>he most frigh<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">te</span>ning thing about the book is the feeling, wh<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ic</span>h stead<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">i</span>ly grows in the reader, that Jo<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">yce hi<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ms</span>elf does not know what he <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">is</span> doing<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">; and how, in spite of all his efforts, he is giving himself away....</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b> The book cannot rise into the region of true evocation – the region where Molly Bloom's soliloquy exists imortalluy – because it has no human base....</b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">To read the book over a long period of time gives one the impr<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ession of watching <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">intemperance become addiction, become debauch.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b> The boo<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">k's great beauties<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">, its wonderful passages of wit, its variety, its marks of genius and immense learning are undeniable<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">...<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">.<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">But whatever it says of man's past it has nothing to do with man<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">'s future, which, we can only hope, will lie in the direction of more humanity rather than less. A</span></span>nd there</span> are better gods than Proteus...'</span></span></span></span></span></b><br /><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Nation</i> 6 May 1939 </span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><div><div><h4>'A REALISTIC FOUNDATION'</h4><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtBTr172NxnSJbYG5As8jEryRXFV5lKlf3-Y1Lrj3Nm-zp7RsyeGeS98VcLMDMtCfcbo6ZNcEO2AE02pKME3JntHOuxqH1blGHpO55GhdeJS8nahD1gJh4DrH-Ar1U7LloP9-d54mGQ3lbpJdx3TtO6JS8wkGGEYJ_GLzTUv9H2W5iyV9gxT-hCHg/s388/Screenshot%202022-05-12%20at%2015.25.56.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="388" data-original-width="278" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtBTr172NxnSJbYG5As8jEryRXFV5lKlf3-Y1Lrj3Nm-zp7RsyeGeS98VcLMDMtCfcbo6ZNcEO2AE02pKME3JntHOuxqH1blGHpO55GhdeJS8nahD1gJh4DrH-Ar1U7LloP9-d54mGQ3lbpJdx3TtO6JS8wkGGEYJ_GLzTUv9H2W5iyV9gxT-hCHg/w143-h200/Screenshot%202022-05-12%20at%2015.25.56.png" width="143" /></a></div>The only reviewer who claimed to understand the book was Edmund Wilson, who bizarrely argued that <i>Finnegans Wake</i> had 'a realistic foundation':<br /><br /><b>'Let me try to establish some of the most important facts which provide the realistic foundation for this immense poem of sleep. The hero of <i>Finnegans Wake</i> is a man of Scandinavian blood...Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker, who keeps a pub called the Bristol in Dublin. He is somewhere between fifty and sixty, blond and ruddy, with a walrus moustache, very strong but of late years pretty fat.....'</b></div><br />'The Dream of Earwicker', <i>The New Republic</i>, 28 June 1939</div><div><br /></div><div>Wilson then criticised Joyce for ignoring his realistic foundation, and writing a dream that this publican could not be having! </div><b><br /></b></span><b>'We are continually being distracted from identifying and following Earwicker, the humble proprietor of a public house, who is to encompass the whole microcosm of the dream, by the intrusion of all sorts of elements – foreign languages, literary allusions, historical information – which could not possibly be in Earwicker's mind....What about the references to the literary life in Paris and to the book itself as Work in Progress, which take us right out of the mind of Earwicker and into the mind of Joyce?'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><div><br /></div><div>I've written another post about <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2020/12/the-dream-of-hcearwicker.html">this review</a>, which influenced many later writers on the Wake.</div><div><br /></div></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><h4>'TWISTING, HOWLING, STUMBLING MURK'</h4><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Kazin">Alfre</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Kazin">d Kazin</a> challenged Wilson's idea that the book was Earwicker's dream (first expressed</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> in <i>Axel's Castle</i> in 1931)<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">:</span></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIvk0tYHuGwbDbUjPhf9r7nd4dpTo5uQs1T69VBKSf_aRQYGhtbTJitWxSuvPg1WcctbwRRqBweLzglonS-DM3oic1XlW18DY24XdJjq4jXB0xgf6Zrm2GNj5PYUDbp1-HKank5YB4l3o/s1600/Screen+Shot+2019-05-04+at+11.31.28.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="457" data-original-width="485" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIvk0tYHuGwbDbUjPhf9r7nd4dpTo5uQs1T69VBKSf_aRQYGhtbTJitWxSuvPg1WcctbwRRqBweLzglonS-DM3oic1XlW18DY24XdJjq4jXB0xgf6Zrm2GNj5PYUDbp1-HKank5YB4l3o/s200/Screen+Shot+2019-05-04+at+11.31.28.png" width="200" /></a></div><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">'How<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">, you will ask<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">, can Jo<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">y</span>ce know a dream? <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">T</span>he answer of course is that he can<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">'<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">t</span>. In reality <i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Finneg<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ans Wake</span></span></i> is a stupendo<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">us improvisation, a great pun. <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">E</span>ven in sleep one cannot imagine an Irish-Norwegian brewer remembering words in a language <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">he has never read....It is the sleep, not of one man, but of a dr<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ow</span>sing humanity. All cultur<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">es</span> have a re<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">la</span>tion to it, all minds, all languages nour<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">is</span>h its night speech.<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">...<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">s </span>one tortures one's way through <i>Finnegans Wake</i> an impression grows that Joyce has lost his hold on human life....<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">H</span>e has created a world of his own, <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">that night world in which all men are <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ma</span>sters and all <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">me</span>n dupes, and he has lost his way in it. For extraordinary a feat of language as <i>Finnegans Wake</i> is, what may we expect to follow it? the denigration has been too complete; after this twisting, howling, stumbling murk, language so convulsed, meaning so emptied, there is nothing.'</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b><br /><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><i>New York Herald Tribune</i>, 21 <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">M</span>ay 1939 </span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><h4>'A GOD TALKING IN HIS SLEEP'</h4><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;">In <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1939/05/06/dont-shoot-the-book-reviewer-hes-doing-the-best-he-can">The New Yorker</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifton_Fadiman#Television">Clifton Fadiman, US public intellectual, </a>came up my favourite review title:</span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIS9DkX3TKQFUv90E8q5cbY0x5AGBlmJZWLWNga1Oh_e0_uJ1ru18x3gYUzNkRk1SEHuYU_PBZ_8Xpp1-B2W9mwcXiEmbn1ghR6lhDRcvmgbuG7OkDP0V1eChPqT5UeeX9ASB_khU2sihuZqhxvZ3Oy80VAAQ_pueWFt3VJPzC-n07WBuZAzkfwt0/s970/Screenshot%202022-05-08%20at%2010.14.36.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="271" data-original-width="970" height="111" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIS9DkX3TKQFUv90E8q5cbY0x5AGBlmJZWLWNga1Oh_e0_uJ1ru18x3gYUzNkRk1SEHuYU_PBZ_8Xpp1-B2W9mwcXiEmbn1ghR6lhDRcvmgbuG7OkDP0V1eChPqT5UeeX9ASB_khU2sihuZqhxvZ3Oy80VAAQ_pueWFt3VJPzC-n07WBuZAzkfwt0/w400-h111/Screenshot%202022-05-08%20at%2010.14.36.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNT8SOO0A8QPR3KM5QRyCa_69zbLQnkaB5bU7POZqmwTuXNO88Qgha9cTwrHeIP3LtSE0j-3ZJawPp_7wetBnbzeib47I1LJUdjWDhLoOcQmJGAlPGp2pES3RCnVb6B-thlXXac0sI9kGjJLK8Un16r__zHp4FLOEMb2Mey0YVDSwxTrQ-xdlNSbA/s301/Screenshot%202022-05-08%20at%2010.18.35.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="301" data-original-width="230" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNT8SOO0A8QPR3KM5QRyCa_69zbLQnkaB5bU7POZqmwTuXNO88Qgha9cTwrHeIP3LtSE0j-3ZJawPp_7wetBnbzeib47I1LJUdjWDhLoOcQmJGAlPGp2pES3RCnVb6B-thlXXac0sI9kGjJLK8Un16r__zHp4FLOEMb2Mey0YVDSwxTrQ-xdlNSbA/w153-h200/Screenshot%202022-05-08%20at%2010.18.35.png" width="153" /></a></div></b><b><br />‘For the past seventeen years the author of “Ulysses” has been at work on a new book, released </b><b>this week as “Finnegans Wake.” The world would doubtless be amazed at Mr. Joyce’s achievement, assuming the world understood it. But one doubts that “Finnegans Wake” will be grasped—at least in our time—except by a few conscientious philologists and a small lunatic fringe of autohypnotic Joyceans who seem able to hurl themselves into a trance of intuitive comprehension.</b><div><b> I have enough sense to know that the man who wrote “Ulysses” is a great artist. I cannot believe, though some do, that he would spend seventeen years in the elaboration of a gigantic hoax. And, anyway, “Finnegans Wake” is so extraordinary that it’s worth talking about even if, like myself, you understand precious little of it….<br /> One of Joyce’s most earnest commentators, Eugene Jolas, declares that his master wants nothing less than to “hammer out a verbal vision that destroys space and time.” In a sense, the attempt is successful, but since time, space, and the individual are the loci, as it were, of human interest, Joyce is forced to forgo all attempts at appealing to our sensibilities. Even if you could understand “Finnegans Wake,” you would not be moved by it. A god, talking in his sleep, might have written it. The only attitude a god could well have toward human affairs is irony, and dehumanized irony seems to me the keynote of every one of these strange pages.’</b><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>I love his description of the 'lunatic fringe of autohypnotic Joyceans'!</div><div><br /></div><div><h4>A MISTAKEN THEORY OF LANGUAGE</h4><div><b><br /></b><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;">Archibald Anderson Hill, Professor of Linguistics at the University of Texas at Austin, looked at the book's linguistic experiments. He concluded that Joyce was following a mistaken and naive theory of language:</span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>'</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>The monstrosity of “Finnegans Wake” makes it seem impossible that a sane man could have written it, yet the early passages seem normal enough. The difference is that what appears in the early work as a preoccupation only, is in the later carried out with the relentlessness of a man demonstrating a theory. The theory is about language, and it is mistaken. But it is by no means abnormal or even very recondite, since it is shared by most naive people. Joyce believes that there is, or should be, a real connection between the sound and the thing. His theory rests in part on an exaggerated notion of the possibilities of onomatopoeia. Imitation by means of sound occurs to some extent in language, but is thoroughly successful only when the thing imitated is another sound....</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"> <b>Joyce has apparently set out in “Finnegans Wake” to create a language which attempts to be really instead of nominally expressive.</b>...<span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>The attempts at onomatopoeia rest on a denial of the first fundamental characteristic of language, its arbitrariness; the puns rest on a similar denial of the second, its social basis....Joyce writes “lucalizod” for “localized” because his personal experience includes the names of two Irish villages of which the word “localized” reminds him. It makes no difference to him that the majority of his readers have never heard of the two villages. Since to him language is not social, any personal association between words is valid. It is a paradox that a man who thinks that he is creating a language of universal symbols should make constant use of associations of the most narrowly personal kind....</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b> It is difficult to judge the artistic effectiveness of the style in “Finnegans Wake,” apart from the faithfulness with which it represents the subconscious. To me, however, it is a complete failure, since the humor and the poetic beauty of much of “Ulysses” are here absent or rudimentary. Apparently, in representing the hypnoid mind, Joyce felt that it would be a mistake to tell a connected story, or to make his jokes too good. Consequently most of the humor is on the level of “peacisely.” Or if there is a good bit, it is lost in such a mass of turgid and opaque viscosity that it is impossible to laugh at it....Further, the book does not impress me as profoundly learned, in spite of the opinions of many critics....No amount of learning in languages, theology, or Celtic legend, will help the reader much. The only man who can really follow the puns is Joyce himself, because only he has formed the associations which made the puns possible.'</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b> </span><br /><a href="https://www.vqronline.org/philologist-looks-finnegans-wake"><i>The Virginia Quarterly Review</i></a>, 1939</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidCFcY82pvsx7szrHFgAp_09mvpW-L2J0xHcKEuHlM9P2U2Y0e3JqkVlSn1Cpkp9Yf3JJinOM5OLxhUzfNkrktB1dSjJU-PgkLy3ITt6ZNH9tfxEC_dzhyeNOV6qZ9FpFZe2FLEzJr4AcQSlcijHM_ut4a1rcFhnu7yegcv5JbL7XR25h6u6Fm5sc/s353/Irish%20Times.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="289" data-original-width="353" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidCFcY82pvsx7szrHFgAp_09mvpW-L2J0xHcKEuHlM9P2U2Y0e3JqkVlSn1Cpkp9Yf3JJinOM5OLxhUzfNkrktB1dSjJU-PgkLy3ITt6ZNH9tfxEC_dzhyeNOV6qZ9FpFZe2FLEzJr4AcQSlcijHM_ut4a1rcFhnu7yegcv5JbL7XR25h6u6Fm5sc/w400-h328/Irish%20Times.png" width="400" /></a></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><h4>'ENDLESSLY EXCITING IN ITS IMPENETRABILITY'</h4><div><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx6w-E9B6QyZTLExZQChbQStTUK0XRGRBxgqHPf098Et62Nw7_X__LZz2QUFcW6GF8NBBMoMqmCAjSX8XJX1jCh7OgYPxLnHbB3YjNaKGl1uMq7QuGDcfNqYoNViE29shW9dTR1yd6uggcPWMhZMDhDuecZNW0EvLF_D-p7q_ADIRtUySK20SMg3o/s468/MacNamara.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="468" data-original-width="336" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx6w-E9B6QyZTLExZQChbQStTUK0XRGRBxgqHPf098Et62Nw7_X__LZz2QUFcW6GF8NBBMoMqmCAjSX8XJX1jCh7OgYPxLnHbB3YjNaKGl1uMq7QuGDcfNqYoNViE29shW9dTR1yd6uggcPWMhZMDhDuecZNW0EvLF_D-p7q_ADIRtUySK20SMg3o/s320/MacNamara.png" width="230" /></a></div></span>T<a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/endlessly-exciting-in-its-impenetrability-1939-james-joyce-review-1.2495264">he <i>Irish Times</i></a> had an anonymous review which, John McCourt has revealed, was written by the novelist, and friend of Flann O'Brien, Brinsley MacNamara:</span><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'The writing of "Finnegans Wake” took sixteen years, short enough, perhaps, beside the stretch of time that could be spent in trying to understand it..</b><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(68, 68, 68); color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 16.799999237060547px;">..</span><b>Nothing moves, or appears, or is said, as ever before in any book, it is endlessly exciting in its impenetrability....The work is described as a novel, and, although in their essence all the stories of the world may be here, there is no single story that one can grasp. It may be a novel to end novels for, if there is shape at all, it is the shape of a superb annihilation - as of some gigantic thing let loose to destroy what we had come to regard as a not unnecessary part of civilisation. One feels its power, the kind of gleaming genius behind it, but no communication of anything is achieved, perhaps simply because it is just not intended.... </b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b> There are moments of beauty, the measured sounds of lyrical prose which beat upon the ear, but which do not come into the understanding, and always an airy gesture beyond the words which make it as if Mr. Joyce had greatly enjoyed doing all this despite the torture of the sixteen years' labour that it took. Yet pleasure never altogether reaches to the reader; he is faced with an acute bewilderment from the beginning, which is no beginning, to the end, which is no end.</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b> The reader begins to reject constructively the formlessness which is all around him; he tries to find a way out, to relate to some kind of plan of his own, even one of these, embedded <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">pages. </span>There are lingering lovely passages like flickers of gold. By following the small light they give there may be real illumination a little further on. But the light fails, and he is left to wander round and round in the maze....</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b> It is a game which only Mr. Joyce can play, for he alone knows the rules, if there are any. He will take a word and twist and turn it, and chase it up and down through every language that he knows – English, French, German, Gaelic, Latin, Greek, Dutch, Sanskrit, Esperanto. The sounds of words in infinite variety fascinate him...</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b> We may be face to face in <i>Finnegans Wake</i> with one of the great milestones of literature, and in this book a new language may have been born....The extent to which <i>Finnegans Wake</i> may begin to influence the English language will be the measure of its reality and the only proper test of its importance.... This book could be imitated only by Mr Joyce himself. </b><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">It may appear, therefore, in the ultimate view, that although after <i>Ulysses </i>he had no more to say, in <i>Finnegans Wake</i> he went on saying it'</span></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span> </b></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><i>The Irish Times</i>, 3 June 1939</span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">In <i>Consuming Joyce</i>, John McCourt quotes a 1947 'Irishman's Diary' column by the paper's editor, R.M.Smyllie:</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">'<b>Brinsley MacNamara reviewed it for the <i>Irish Times</i>, and I still have somewhere a letter from Joyce himself, congratulating the paper on the excellence of the review. Praise from Joyce was high praise indeed. I wonder how many of its other reviewers can boast that they were congratulated by this remarkable, if wayward, genius.'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><h4>'A NEW DIMENSION'</h4><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmgzyH_ZB2p8iWElT3bt5HWxYtfnr-f9EGhBfmE2P4xEfjIjt67FEY8_8kk42Yw8gDeUBcZfOKJmfoTktK8OLEo-mJGuZnt-wqRjtlH2wiAA9OzK_KaGNVdsrdsM-clMouTZaSNcCrIzM/s1600/Colum.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="663" data-original-width="485" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmgzyH_ZB2p8iWElT3bt5HWxYtfnr-f9EGhBfmE2P4xEfjIjt67FEY8_8kk42Yw8gDeUBcZfOKJmfoTktK8OLEo-mJGuZnt-wqRjtlH2wiAA9OzK_KaGNVdsrdsM-clMouTZaSNcCrIzM/s320/Colum.png" width="234" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joyce's friend Padraic Colum - <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">who had helped h<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">im write the 'Haveth Childers Everywher<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">e' section, <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">described the pleasures of<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> reading the book</span></span> in <a href="http://movies2.nytimes.com/books/00/01/09/specials/joyce-finnegans.html">The </a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://movies2.nytimes.com/books/00/01/09/specials/joyce-finnegans.html">New York Times</a>:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br /><b>'</b><b><span face="Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Accept what looks like Volapuk on the pages, I would say to one who has got "Finnegans Wake," and turn to the last section in the first part, the section that begins 'O tell me all about Anna Livia!'....The reader who is not looking for usual connotations, for logical structure, can find something delightful here: he can experience the child's surprise at flowing water and all that goes on beside it.....</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>Even if he does not understand all that is on any one page (the reader) will find sentences lovely in their freshness and their beauty and sentences that one can chuckle over for months. We have novels that give us greatly a three dimensional world: here is a narrative that gives a new dimension.'</b><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span><br /><h4>'MR JOYCE'S ENORMOUS BAROQUE MOAT'</h4></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Scottish poet Edwin Muir wrote a lyrical and perceptive review<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">:</span></span></span></span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiV5Arq8bccvTv33JD9JNeBP7fr0gbk6OwpxzdXR74pXdFEhsNxqGOcysdqoPptHeprwLmKWWQ0slidPCzwDgm2ZMrr1houTwacV50mutdyoWzUDSdCx3o57hPrEQisV79O3wa05cT-UM/s1600/Screen+Shot+2019-05-04+at+11.17.33.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="416" data-original-width="319" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiV5Arq8bccvTv33JD9JNeBP7fr0gbk6OwpxzdXR74pXdFEhsNxqGOcysdqoPptHeprwLmKWWQ0slidPCzwDgm2ZMrr1houTwacV50mutdyoWzUDSdCx3o57hPrEQisV79O3wa05cT-UM/s320/Screen+Shot+2019-05-04+at+11.17.33.png" width="245" /></a></div><b>'It is an enormous lingual feat; it does give the feeling sometimes that one is moving in a world where everything, including language and syntax and the principles of mental association, are different; it is an attempt never attempted before, which could only have been undertaken by a man of Mr Joyce's genius and perseverance....</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> The book has the q<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ua</span>lities of a flowing stream, sound and rhythm; t<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">he</span> rh<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ythm is someti<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">m</span>es <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">beautiful, as can be t<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">es</span>ted by reading <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">p</span>assages aloud....<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">T</span>here are parodies of the sagas, skits on almost every st<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">y</span>le of writing, enormous catalogues in the vein of Rabel<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ai</span>s, snippets of folk-lore, echoes of music-hall s<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ongs, all slightly d<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">issolved, all tending to flow into each other, and pr<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">o</span>ducing a cont<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">inuous effect of storytelling while continuously avoiding the commis<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">s</span>ion of <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">a story. To dip into this fl<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ux for a little is refreshing, but to stay in for long is to be dr<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">o</span>wned, 'with winkles, whelks <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">and cocklesent jelks', in M<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">r</span> <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joyce's enormous Baroque moat. A reader might well cry 'Lifeboat Alloe, Noeman's Wo<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">e, Hircups Emptybolly!'</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b><br /><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Th<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">e </span></span>Listener,</i> 11 May 1939</span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><h4>'CONVERSATION WITH AN OMNISCIENT PARROT'</h4><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The</span> <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Wa<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ke's</span></span> avoidance of <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">storyte<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">lling</span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> was also dis<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">cu<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ssed by</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> Harry Levin, <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">in Joyce's favourite review</span>: <br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBXIk9oYBtwM1CFvg981X6UqJeepcNV0nrnXGBYGAbQ7pIM8qF19l73gC2CjHECM1bTjiaID9p4hNx5VRKkhdnvAVtsvPM8A9_EmPAuagkNzZqOHjnbkLPHseA2AWBt_CmS8qqwWenSf8/s1600/Screen+Shot+2019-05-04+at+17.36.11.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="245" data-original-width="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBXIk9oYBtwM1CFvg981X6UqJeepcNV0nrnXGBYGAbQ7pIM8qF19l73gC2CjHECM1bTjiaID9p4hNx5VRKkhdnvAVtsvPM8A9_EmPAuagkNzZqOHjnbkLPHseA2AWBt_CmS8qqwWenSf8/s1600/Screen+Shot+2019-05-04+at+17.36.11.png" /></a></div><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">'As a novelist he is, though not a failure, perhaps a bankrupt. <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">H</span>e can no longer narrate; he can only elaborate....he has no stor<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">y to tell. <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">H</span>e merely effects a poi<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">g</span>nant kind of cros<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">s-refer<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ence</span></span>.... A</span>mong the ackn<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ow</span>ledged masters of English – and there can be no further delay in acknowl<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ed</span>ging that Joyce is amo<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ng the greatest – the<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">re</span> is no one with so much to express and so little to say....</span> Sooner or later it gives a prejudiced reader the uncanny sensation of tryi<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ng to carry on a con<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ve<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">rs</span></span>ation with an o<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">mniscient parrot.'</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b><br /><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">'On First Looking into Finnegans Wake', </span><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">N</span>ew Directions in Prose and Poetry</i>, 1939</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span> <span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><h4>'THE MOST COLOSSAL LEG-PULL IN LITERATURE'</h4><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The <i>Observer</i> had the i<span style="font-size: small;">nspired idea to commission Oliver St John Gogarty - Buck Mulligan hims<span style="font-size: small;">elf! - to</span> review<i> <span style="font-size: small;">F</span>innegans Wake</i>. He looked at Joyce's motives for writing the book, and found the answer in the character of the man he'd known in 1904:</span></span></span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-YDcxwdZyNefz3rc4jy3Y9Ey-xxfL8XGettv0F5-z-Yp45SgcYZ3oKF0sbSb7LX6s3xOeMFLrSJe9dUk2gG6cG5zbVYlwGLrSBt096kF5-Jz6n5Q_NfvXnJEahxHGL4BGJz4apswZnlc/s1600/Screen+Shot+2017-10-19+at+15.50.54.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="863" data-original-width="730" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-YDcxwdZyNefz3rc4jy3Y9Ey-xxfL8XGettv0F5-z-Yp45SgcYZ3oKF0sbSb7LX6s3xOeMFLrSJe9dUk2gG6cG5zbVYlwGLrSBt096kF5-Jz6n5Q_NfvXnJEahxHGL4BGJz4apswZnlc/s320/Screen+Shot+2017-10-19+at+15.50.54.png" width="270" /></a><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></b></div><br /><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">'</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">When I think of the indomitable spirit that plodded on, writing <i>Ulysses</i> in poverty in Trieste, without a hope of ever seeing it published, I am amazed at the magnitude of this work, every word of which in its 628 pages had to be weighed, twisted, and deranged in order to bring up associated ideas in the mind....The immense erudition employed, and the various languages ransacked for pun and word-associations is almost incredible to anyone unaware of the superhuman knowledge the author had when a mere stripling. In some places the reading sounds like the chatter during the lunch interval in a Berlitz school. Every language living and dead in Europe gabbles on and on. But what is the motive force behind this colossal production? Finnegan’s wake [sic] may be the wake, that is the funeral celebration, as well as the panegyric, of civilisation. Resentment against his upbringing, his surroundings, and finally against the system of civilisation throughout Europe, perhaps against Life itself which Finnegan may represent, created this literary Bolshevism which strikes not only at all standards and accepted modes of expression whether of Beauty or Truth but at the very vehicle of rational expression. <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6657229330840382051" id="A_mocker" name="A_mocker"></a>This arch-mocker in his rage would extract the Logos, the Divine word or Reason from its tabernacle, and turn it muttering and maudlin into the street. It is impossible to read the work as a serial. It may have a coherency and a meaning. What is wrong with the meaning that it cannot be expressed? Ripeness cannot be all in this instance, nor can a myriad-minded man full of infinite suggestion satisfy the reader with suggestions alone. Perhaps it is wrong to look for a meaning where there is every meaning. It may be unmodern to expect sense. Lewis Carroll stopped short brilligly, but this goes on lapsing as everlastingly as Anna Livia. There is nothing new under the sun: it is only exaggerated. This is the most colossal leg-pull in literature since McPherson’s <i>Ossian</i>. Mr. Joyce has had his revenge.’</span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jo<span style="font-size: small;">yce l<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ik</span>ed this review. He told Frank Budg</span></span></span>en, 'Gogarty is an athlete, a cyclist and a swimmer. He should know what staying power is.' <br /><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">'THE BIGGEST MASTERPIECE OF THIS CENTURY"</h4><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Patricia Hutchins looked at Faber's news cuttings files, and found the following delightful quotes:</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'It was in the by-ways that the book found friends. Mr Beddow, assistant editor of <i>The Schoolmaster and Woman Teacher's Chronicl</i>e, wrote, 'I have in my hands the biggest masterpiece of this century.'....<i>The Library Assistant </i>strongly recommended the book and an interesting review in <i>Theology</i> declared, 'the eye must indeed be blind that does not see in this author's lonely journeying a spiritual pilgrimage.''</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Hutchins, James Joyce's World, Methuen, 1957, p238</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">'SWADDLED EYE SHEETS'</h4><div><br /></div><h4><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="font-weight: normal;" trbidi="on"><a href="https://www.crookedlakereview.com/articles/67_100/93dec1995/93kauffman.html">Henry W Clune</a>, in his witty 'Seen and Heard' column in the <i>Rochester Democrat and Chronicle</i>, reviewed the reviewers:</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-weight: normal;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><div><b>'James Joyce, the Dublin expatriate, who over a period of 16 to 17 years wrote a book in Paris called ''Finnegans Wake'', which runs to 628 pages, sells for $5, and which was brought out last week on a tide of hundreds of thousands of words by the book critics, opens in this wise: 'riverrun past Eve and Adam's from swerve of shore to bend of bay' and closes with this red hot tag line 'A way alone a last a loved a long the'....</b></div><div><b> Mr Joyce is called one of the great modern literary artists, and last week got his picture on the front cover of ''Time'', a distinction of sorts....But no review I have read of Mr Joyce's opus has told precisely of what Mr Joyce was writing about. Still, the reviewers wrote very thoughtfully. They couldn't quite get at the thing but seemed to think that it must be significant. They felt a brilliant panorama lay before them if only they could get the swaddled eye sheets off their heads and have a long penetrating look.... </b><br style="font-weight: normal;" /><b style="font-weight: bold;"> But for the life of me I can't see how anyone who is unable to understand Mr Joyce (and I have read of no who does understand him) should pay $5 for his book.' </b><div dir="ltr" style="font-weight: normal;" trbidi="on"><br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_W._Clune">Henry W Clune</a>, <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=17089014&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjEzNTkwNzc5MiwiaWF0IjoxNTU3MTM0NTgzLCJleHAiOjE1NTcyMjA5ODN9.lcx99eZv5ILkgM6MpR6jdQvaLzvm4QjbZj6KoHUzmUc"> <i>R</i></a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><a href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=17089014&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjEzNTkwNzc5MiwiaWF0IjoxNTU3MTM0NTgzLCJleHAiOjE1NTcyMjA5ODN9.lcx99eZv5ILkgM6MpR6jdQvaLzvm4QjbZj6KoHUzmUc">ochester Democrat and Chron<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">i</span>cle</a></i>, 13 Ma<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">y 1939</span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-weight: normal;" trbidi="on"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-weight: normal;" trbidi="on"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Here's the whole column by Clune:</span></span></div></div></div></div></h4><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtlotHHd1snmAKxfleFvl779jK_C1ACxPHApFNJd5_sCfsN0-zTcW4PnHHntGqerlZitqhwjxlojMInJyaOTq3CKr-2opd76a0JJlr1JqH8GmOu9AAsLOKFA59WRKXCprHfiB1LdusKTw/s1600/Screen+Shot+2019-05-06+at+10.27.36.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="636" data-original-width="255" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtlotHHd1snmAKxfleFvl779jK_C1ACxPHApFNJd5_sCfsN0-zTcW4PnHHntGqerlZitqhwjxlojMInJyaOTq3CKr-2opd76a0JJlr1JqH8GmOu9AAsLOKFA59WRKXCprHfiB1LdusKTw/s640/Screen+Shot+2019-05-06+at+10.27.36.png" width="256" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMXO2x15giLPOnbFGbegUDjPXv7BqOChzfjGUlCSmfKOLNN3KJSsDb00rq7aPv_IYk9BidI0SKVy868ZQCUJvIanw17NdAVsE_co-fm4Oxj46rZM8c8IxaA1tzImhuBNZ5FxzWpk5P2Wo/s1600/Screen+Shot+2019-05-06+at+10.33.59.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="352" data-original-width="218" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMXO2x15giLPOnbFGbegUDjPXv7BqOChzfjGUlCSmfKOLNN3KJSsDb00rq7aPv_IYk9BidI0SKVy868ZQCUJvIanw17NdAVsE_co-fm4Oxj46rZM8c8IxaA1tzImhuBNZ5FxzWpk5P2Wo/s400/Screen+Shot+2019-05-06+at+10.33.59.png" width="247" /></a></b></span></span></span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEithpiRzB4_FvRzTCzpgXgaYzV8GB43p9-b-9jRIgmQUm9CLHa-C97xgwTtjmNkIhE_-ejHj9e9eR9IjGhHALKY_ANyU8CBXnPZ7L7GZmgPt5Vn3BS0x20jjXyyK6Sg3l9y-U7MgPsY2XM/s1600/Screen+Shot+2019-05-06+at+10.33.44.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="635" data-original-width="235" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEithpiRzB4_FvRzTCzpgXgaYzV8GB43p9-b-9jRIgmQUm9CLHa-C97xgwTtjmNkIhE_-ejHj9e9eR9IjGhHALKY_ANyU8CBXnPZ7L7GZmgPt5Vn3BS0x20jjXyyK6Sg3l9y-U7MgPsY2XM/s640/Screen+Shot+2019-05-06+at+10.33.44.png" width="236" /></a></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-14377752573390632652022-04-28T19:24:00.010+01:002022-06-18T08:41:16.343+01:00The Great Elm of Howth<div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4qctLfU8gfRBXh02m5UgG0QVWgJ-il_9N-BDxEmqiZVi6VbFdx5a5NbSGcAkh4f56iaeWc5qsKMh-R6-XtEHMn7gDGjLoq5MBFczz5RqQX8VS9IB8hxxvOnS1chQS8QLQsstdXQgPRkI7FhJ7qpdFK7ufRjl_PDGQg0Ii0mVqJc3aPVmtQ5_aNRg/s841/Howth%20Castle%201735.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4qctLfU8gfRBXh02m5UgG0QVWgJ-il_9N-BDxEmqiZVi6VbFdx5a5NbSGcAkh4f56iaeWc5qsKMh-R6-XtEHMn7gDGjLoq5MBFczz5RqQX8VS9IB8hxxvOnS1chQS8QLQsstdXQgPRkI7FhJ7qpdFK7ufRjl_PDGQg0Ii0mVqJc3aPVmtQ5_aNRg/w400-h366/Howth%20Castle%201735.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Howth Castle and Environs c1735, with the elm by the two horses</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br />In 1933, the Royal Dublin Society published <i>The Trees of Ireland - Native and Introduced</i>. This was a comprehensive list of every tree species in Ireland, compiled by a 31-year-old Dubliner called Maurice Fitzpatrick. His 1994 obituary from the Society of Irish Foresters (which he helped found in 1942) describes his great project:</div><div><br /></div><b>'To complete <i>Trees of Ireland, Native and Introduced</i>, he visited 85 estates and arboreta, North and South, mostly on a pushbike, identifying and measuring each tree recorded – a phenomenal achievement of skill and physique.'</b><div><br /></div><div>One of the estates Fitzpatrick must have known well was Howth Castle, where he found a remarkable elm tree as well as the painting above, <a href="https://howthcastle.ie/about/">from the castle collection</a>. This is from the opening page of his study:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Little is known regarding the early introduction of exotic species. According to Loudon the oldest introduced tree in Ireland is an English Elm still standing at Howth Castle, which, he states, was planted about 1585. A painting of the castle and grounds, said by Mr Gaisford St. Lawrence to have been done in the reign of Queen Anne, certainly shows this elm as a large tree, with the formal beech hedges, which were so fashionable in gardens at the commencement of the eighteenth century, scarcely six feet high beside it.'</b><br /><br />H.M.Fitzpatrick, 'The trees of Ireland – native and introduced', <i>Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, 1933</i>, 597</div><div><br /></div><div><div>James Joyce knew <i>The Trees of Ireland</i>, and was so interested in the Howth elm that he wrote about it to his patroness Harriet Shaw Weaver:</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>'Léon began to read to me from a scientific publication about Irish trees. The first sentence was to the effect that the oldest tree in the island is an elm tree in the demesne of Howth Castle and Environs.'</b><br /><br />Joyce to Harriet Shaw Weaver 10 July 1934 (<i>Letters</i> III 308)</div></div><div><br /></div><div>In fact, the Howth elm was the oldest <i>introduced</i> tree in Ireland, but there were much older native trees. Yews can live for thousands of years. Like the hero of <i>Finnegans Wake</i>, the Howth elm was a foreign invader.</div><div><br /></div><div>This 'scientific publication' was identified as Fitzpatrick's by Danis Rose. His <i>The Textual Diaries of James Joyce</i> (1995) has a brilliant chapter <i>'</i>How Joyce planted <i>The trees of Ireland in Finnegans Wake'</i>. Rose identified 67 uses of Fitzpatrick's trees, which you can see <a href="http://www.fweet.org/cgi-bin/fw_grep.cgi?i=1&c=1&a=1&b=1&s=%3CTOI%3E&escope=1&dist=4&ndist=4&fontsz=100&showtxt=1">listed here in fweet.</a></div><div><br /></div><div>I've found another picture of the Howth elm, from 1820, in <a href="https://archive.org/details/historyofcountyd05ball/page/n121/mode/1up?view=theater">Francis Erlington's <i>A History of County Dublin</i> (1903)</a>. You can see how much the tree had grown in 85 years. It now towers over the castle.</div><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrRiip8muz8rcsUeJ-hwZbC9BUh1cgudGxfg5SOTEpcK1TZKCgVL00r_CFgTye4_AMMoejEHpIwwiUEG2K1t0O-ja22flvPOiLHvEEAeDmxveK0DAQGci8NDEEXNgITO1S_rvbwSsirkGfjG_TUs_pK_CadiUJpriuzO5sLxlEoha189Dy7EH6KNY/s1169/1820%20Howth.png"><img border="0" data-original-height="699" data-original-width="1169" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrRiip8muz8rcsUeJ-hwZbC9BUh1cgudGxfg5SOTEpcK1TZKCgVL00r_CFgTye4_AMMoejEHpIwwiUEG2K1t0O-ja22flvPOiLHvEEAeDmxveK0DAQGci8NDEEXNgITO1S_rvbwSsirkGfjG_TUs_pK_CadiUJpriuzO5sLxlEoha189Dy7EH6KNY/w640-h382/1820%20Howth.png" width="640" /></a></div></div><div><br /></div><div>This tree was famous enough to appear in a 1911 book by the US folklorist, Charles M Fitzpatrick:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'There are not infrequent instances in folk tales of the dependence of human lives on those of plants and trees and one such instance has been noted in the superstition relative to the great elm of Castle Howth, near Dublin. For years this tree received care, its limbs being propped or tied when threatened with decay, in the belief that whenever a branch was broken the head of the Howths would die, and that when the tree itself should have lived out its life the family would become extinct.'</b><div><br /></div><div><i>Myths and Legends of Flowers, Trees, Fruits and Plants</i>, Washington Square Press, 1911</div></div><div><br /></div><div>The great elm tree survived the earldom. The last earl of Howth died in a Bournemouth hotel in 1909. The tree was still standing 24 years later when Fitzpatrick recorded it in his study. I can't find any later reference to it.</div><div><br /></div><div>In Dublin in 2022 for Bloomsday I visited Howth Castle and found the place where the tree once stood.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC9XL-LoBfib1WSqV13ZF_1--QpQmamsPF1LLjeLwFX-9eLKAvJJSPVP7QsqxGhrnhPBpgeRYi-A4v5B6AzO_i1GL213yBE5WWlh9GT0Gdgw1houcITNPe6foubZKgnZ1naGYI9PrzUWi3nQSbOW_S184bSc760obQgSVVm2F_691c2nCYuA22XL8/s3264/873D1BD4-9D5D-4587-921A-FAA27295E6E6.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="2448" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC9XL-LoBfib1WSqV13ZF_1--QpQmamsPF1LLjeLwFX-9eLKAvJJSPVP7QsqxGhrnhPBpgeRYi-A4v5B6AzO_i1GL213yBE5WWlh9GT0Gdgw1houcITNPe6foubZKgnZ1naGYI9PrzUWi3nQSbOW_S184bSc760obQgSVVm2F_691c2nCYuA22XL8/s320/873D1BD4-9D5D-4587-921A-FAA27295E6E6.jpeg" width="240" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Does anybody know when the great elm finally died?</div><div><br /></div><div>Howth Castle passed into the female family line, the Gaisford-St Lawrences, who sold the estate in 2019 to Tetrarch Capital, who are now turning it into a <a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/business/commercial-property/tetrarch-teams-up-with-wright-hospitality-to-redevelop-howth-castle-1.4792171">'retail food and tourist destination'. </a></div><div><br /></div><div><h4 style="text-align: left;">THE ELM OF CHAPELIZOD</h4><div><br /></div><div>Joyce had already given an elm tree a big role in his book, at the end of the 1924 Anna Livia episode, where one of the two washerwomen is transformed into one. In 1959, in <i>The Books at the Wake</i>, J.S.Atherton identified the source of this tree as Sheridan LeFanu's novel, <i>The House by the Churchyard</i>:</div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-top: 0.75em; text-align: justify;"><b>'One glance, however, before you go, you will vouchsafe at the village tree—that stalworth elm. It has not grown an inch these hundred years. It does not look a day older than it did fifty years ago, <i>I</i> can tell you. There he stands the same; and yet a stranger in the place of his birth, in a new order of things, joyless, busy, transformed Chapelizod, listening, as it seems to me, always to the unchanged song and prattle of the river, with his reveries and affections far away among bygone times and a buried race. Thou hast a story, too, to tell, thou slighted and solitary sage, if only the winds would steal it musically forth, like the secret of Mildas from the moaning reeds.'</b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-top: 0.75em; text-align: justify;">Sheridan LeFanu, prologue, <i>The House by the Churchyard</i>, 1863</p>This is the Wake's <b>'loftleaved elm Lefanunian'</b> (264.04) which is always <a href="http://www.fweet.org/cgi-bin/fw_grep.cgi?i=1&c=1&a=1&b=1&s=_M,tree/stone_&escope=1&dist=4&ndist=4&fontsz=100&showtxt=1">paired with a stone</a>, the tree standing for time and the stone for space. Like LeFanu's elm, Joyce's tree has a story to tell.</div><div><br /></div></div></div><div><div><b>'The elm that whimpers at the top told the stone that moans when stricken'</b> 94.04</div><br /><b>'Tell me, tell me, tell me, elm! Night night! Telmetale of stem or stone.' </b>216.23<div><br /></div><div><b>'Talkingtree and sinningstone stay on either hand.'</b> 564.30</div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">THE TREE OF MORPHEUS</h4><div><br /></div><div><div><div>Charles M Fitzpatrick's folklore study has another possible reason why the tree is so important in Joyce's night book. The elm was the tree of Morpheus, god of sleep:</div><br /><b>'In classic legend the elm was a creation of Orpheus, or a gift of the gods to him, for when he had returned from the vain attempt to release his wife from Hades and betaken himself to his harp for consolation, the listening earth took new life, and crowding over it came a grove of elms, marching to his song, and forming a green temple in whose shade he often pondered, and uttered melody while he remained on earth. Thus it should be the tree of Orpheus, but by some strange perversion it became the tree of Morpheus, god of sleep, and dreams hovered and roosted in its branches, ready, it would seem, to pounce on the unwary who stole a nap beneath it.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><i>Myths and Legends of Flowers, Trees, Fruits and Plants</i>, Washington Square Press, 1911</div><div><br /></div><div>Looking for the source of this idea, I've found it comes from Virgil's <i>Aeneid, </i>Bk 6, here in <a href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0052%3Abook%3D6%3Acard%3D282">John Dryden's translation</a>:</div><div><br /></div><b>'Full in the midst of this infernal road,<br />An elm displays her dusky arms abroad:<br />The God of Sleep there hides his heavy head,<br />And empty dreams on ev'ry leaf are spread.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>My home town, Brighton, has the greatest collection of elm trees in the world. I've been out photographing a few. This weeping wych elm in Queens Park reminds me of the washerwoman who turns into one in the Wake.</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIdFBnb380QvEsIf3fM8zS-fH918eC0g3WtRyyJCCF_Vap6K0e53uH41YAaKVxSeqmKaBbENUjPxdy9X_8sHfE0gJ7SMbZKi1nU5ADrDRYna-ONkSGIRbAhCy_sXhUDxuGEkUJ9uQFJhfl4g4DRMfhR1HRTXZZgqSPvu0gCVReVOOOYQ7lhQrai6I/s4608/weep7.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4608" data-original-width="3072" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIdFBnb380QvEsIf3fM8zS-fH918eC0g3WtRyyJCCF_Vap6K0e53uH41YAaKVxSeqmKaBbENUjPxdy9X_8sHfE0gJ7SMbZKi1nU5ADrDRYna-ONkSGIRbAhCy_sXhUDxuGEkUJ9uQFJhfl4g4DRMfhR1HRTXZZgqSPvu0gCVReVOOOYQ7lhQrai6I/w426-h640/weep7.jpeg" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">'I feel as old as yonder elm' 215.34</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitUVEnSdWycHKm_n-0sd5tJqKzQHpT0OEQWORj97Mpg0FWq7JxIPmidNSK8jPH1tLSNPMPd_iV6GI28lUnpUx3PO24G1XpMSDVVUFe35Tx405lNGmo7wxZw9hdcUzL0Z4Nt-naPUO354Mug7xYQV_pfMqw34IhrDmfte4mDY9XfDL51_oS0kYFZYE/s4608/DSC_0239.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4608" data-original-width="3072" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitUVEnSdWycHKm_n-0sd5tJqKzQHpT0OEQWORj97Mpg0FWq7JxIPmidNSK8jPH1tLSNPMPd_iV6GI28lUnpUx3PO24G1XpMSDVVUFe35Tx405lNGmo7wxZw9hdcUzL0Z4Nt-naPUO354Mug7xYQV_pfMqw34IhrDmfte4mDY9XfDL51_oS0kYFZYE/w426-h640/DSC_0239.jpeg" width="426" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Here's an ancient elm, planted in 1776, in the grounds of the Royal Pavilion. It's so old it's hollow, and people leave padlocks there as an offering.</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBOqddxbqgUpdCCS3QjN7iaXeW5bu0YyiZzRfhVjAWR120QXyv4mcNEsV5zWWzZvRB50dEMMm6uQXJOWsimgaNr4csahmJan1t3ZmvIIgWR4yi17uH1EP-IkTsKUux7LNK1BJx6XWK4XX7w9-RGg7RKK_lzSPLuZuequ6iEiT61zXNlUxLVAROWeE/s4608/DSC_0242.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBOqddxbqgUpdCCS3QjN7iaXeW5bu0YyiZzRfhVjAWR120QXyv4mcNEsV5zWWzZvRB50dEMMm6uQXJOWsimgaNr4csahmJan1t3ZmvIIgWR4yi17uH1EP-IkTsKUux7LNK1BJx6XWK4XX7w9-RGg7RKK_lzSPLuZuequ6iEiT61zXNlUxLVAROWeE/w640-h426/DSC_0242.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div>Brighton has the oldest elm trees in Europe, including another hollow one in Preston Park, the only survivor of a 400-year-old pair called the twins.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNCo3i-b23fcU7mSoMCZpcL7JcN2-JLnM-WSmCGTfjvechDtMXIdKvbZ4x6eo43yi4b-Tv2M6g4xmOPL5FQzFxCOQx3NRueB4TR7yP2GDGMEln2fx89CNZEkCpuU_NiQIdcnhI93JS2e61o4V54WnOvxFGyusELYq7G8COe2fBaeKw6zRPuAwU8xg/s4608/DSC_0315.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4608" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNCo3i-b23fcU7mSoMCZpcL7JcN2-JLnM-WSmCGTfjvechDtMXIdKvbZ4x6eo43yi4b-Tv2M6g4xmOPL5FQzFxCOQx3NRueB4TR7yP2GDGMEln2fx89CNZEkCpuU_NiQIdcnhI93JS2e61o4V54WnOvxFGyusELYq7G8COe2fBaeKw6zRPuAwU8xg/w640-h426/DSC_0315.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtPv_7ulLtCSBXeMfhQlem0Jx08EtIvQNJCXiWdlqMbWjGHl9RrDu1mb1kcL6QSqxyqHDpq8eaWULxzbs0_Gdqy0ROeSqHJ73_z-45m54xpeSNRT6cMYQRX64_PdSIjZHRtJMPfOvI66x0bZMzgJBg4GRfcRBKKD5yY9xbaIJydPkasVxQ34Bjd6M/s4239/DSC_0313.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4239" data-original-width="2860" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtPv_7ulLtCSBXeMfhQlem0Jx08EtIvQNJCXiWdlqMbWjGHl9RrDu1mb1kcL6QSqxyqHDpq8eaWULxzbs0_Gdqy0ROeSqHJ73_z-45m54xpeSNRT6cMYQRX64_PdSIjZHRtJMPfOvI66x0bZMzgJBg4GRfcRBKKD5yY9xbaIJydPkasVxQ34Bjd6M/w432-h640/DSC_0313.jpeg" width="432" /></a></div><br /><div><br />Inside the elm...<br /><div><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0BzF0URDjrVOTmjOHz3Iav7kbXAvikkLwDmn2Cx154gFcg5fA4d4Ql6hTMmRuxeXt0tGL2qBaXtLdbQgciCTQFa_zQJvLjlYxpTJd-8-BtLS8HISkJ121VDynv-9dZ0nOMFUVKH8HH_NeRkFwVHxFyiJBV1J5bFaD-gYRRhStFFXD-Mdc1pY_BX4/s4608/DSC_0310.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4608" data-original-width="3072" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0BzF0URDjrVOTmjOHz3Iav7kbXAvikkLwDmn2Cx154gFcg5fA4d4Ql6hTMmRuxeXt0tGL2qBaXtLdbQgciCTQFa_zQJvLjlYxpTJd-8-BtLS8HISkJ121VDynv-9dZ0nOMFUVKH8HH_NeRkFwVHxFyiJBV1J5bFaD-gYRRhStFFXD-Mdc1pY_BX4/w426-h640/DSC_0310.jpeg" width="426" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-33195061099925597102022-02-02T17:20:00.010+00:002023-06-16T08:48:41.099+01:00A Ulysses Centenary Saponiad<p><br /><i>Ulysses</i> is a hundred years old today! <br /><br />We celebrated the centenary on Sunday night with David Collard's online Glue Factory event, where there were readings, films, songs and talks. </p><p>Follow David on Twitter <span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">@DavidCollard1</span><br /><br />Lisa and I contributed a short performance of the Saponiad (soap epic), a lovely word that Stuart Gilbert came up with in 1930:<br /><b><br />'Through the greater Odyssey of Bloomsday there runs a ‘Little Odyssey’, a Saponiad, the wandering of the soap – a comic counterpart of the heroic tale.' </b><br /><br />The Saponiad begins around 10.30 in Sweny the Chemist's and ends 13 hours later in the kitchen of 7 Eccles Street. <br /><br /><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/#"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgvsDcTDpTFKGc9z0EmMcozSEMBv9nlHytnt0C_2bSXgL3azvygo6wOLsYyIXpt6c_mDh6XZ6FcLzgOtZoDzvyQhGhyNtRjAuY6QziIljCdJDUllNT572x8GGjRCDofabqy6zSuyxSQ7avNsRc-cm0fIUoSTDtAP1UvbNqVwp5aK7qtg7ARyY0IJ4o=w290-h400" /></a> <br /><br /><br /> We began like this<br /><b><br />Me:Tonight we are lucky to have the hero of that Saponiad – Let me introduce you to Soap <br />SOAP: Hello <br />You all look very clean....apart from you!<br />ME: What kind of soap are you? <br />SOAP: I’m lemon soap, made in Dublin by Sir John Barrington...</b><br /><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/#"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjwHCnfgqGl5SiVJGB5gRvnLU4d_fhxp4yDYfrZM7Z_I5rJD0ndK2mJ5-9DwoZdOTr3VO2peMbM2-D2TAC0f2ibnAiF67H4HWv8D0F1psLTLqx7EZLX1mfIKo8IaoSB9f4FtWuFRqt8WUVhwkuGg-afl3naZfLYGFTZyZLI_tMS0bxmQ2Dq6uLoVsI=w400-h266" /></a><br /> </p><p>We only briefly covered the events of the soap's day, so here are its actual wanderings through <i>Ulysses</i>: <br /><br />We first meet the soap on the counter of Sweny the chemist's:<br /><br /><b>'Nice smell these soaps have. Pure curd soap. Time to get a bath round the corner....<br />I’ll take one of these soaps. How much are they?<br />—Fourpence, sir. <br /> Mr Bloom raised a cake to his nostrils. Sweet lemony wax. <br /> —I’ll take this one, he said. That makes three and a penny. <br /> —Yes, sir, the chemist said. You can pay all together, sir, when you come back. <br /> —Good, Mr Bloom said. <br /> He strolled out of the shop, the newspaper baton under his armpit, the coolwrappered soap in his left hand' </b><br /><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/#"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhl8bx6_Xpk1AvTLRhPPidb4uVWv2Z0r-5AEqobEb4rNIp0Wp6v9ohsvPuKbpN5vuTYit0Hnr6nZPiY3mVOr4dhvyLJAoEYH8-ZXEIAtwCyepnry3PeuTTrbIU4-_ag9cgLr7_Fn-b2uGaIbNJUwbABMfgO5i2AK0_y9BTLYT-glJ9c3hJ02j5v5kI=s320" /></a><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Mr Sweny in Sweny's</span><br /><br />Fourpence was the price of two pints of stout.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZjWKBjBI_KFR5BLcIIIWZ61-wEakR2cU_Cx2pt9Yh1fGpwcrJJOGv1eGnk11diAdSxljN9h1Pny3HTay6jP-tmOOPUxoOPQLnGsM6RbEInKjjUgI4sw-fq6JS6FOKobiX5_9xLIF65cMU1upPVnjLd1gyb0YMfrhLi1bmLrWlFBSsuA4b-B30trA=s1859" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1718" data-original-width="1859" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZjWKBjBI_KFR5BLcIIIWZ61-wEakR2cU_Cx2pt9Yh1fGpwcrJJOGv1eGnk11diAdSxljN9h1Pny3HTay6jP-tmOOPUxoOPQLnGsM6RbEInKjjUgI4sw-fq6JS6FOKobiX5_9xLIF65cMU1upPVnjLd1gyb0YMfrhLi1bmLrWlFBSsuA4b-B30trA=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br />In the street Bloom meets Bantam Lyons, who borrows the Freeman's Journal to look at the racing page. When Bloom gets the newspaper back he wraps the soap up in it. At this point I wrapped Lisa up in my facsimile copy of the paper:<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/#"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg26FrvzJ1Q9pSCa2TEfBTzSYBjT1g--4AgwOM--oiupD9dDBdDzlxoJnukXRBpXSwXpACrMnc1vALWv8lgpvHlrF0L1fbKS8bn_m3vpBCNIiLF-uK7md1isKz49QeYZKgyq0Yo2pNkx1QHVZE6axHGj08b_PVSSVaKE1LetyyPUG-JLXP4fAoOhpM=s320" /></a><br /><br /><b><br />'Mr Bloom folded the sheets again to a neat square and lodged the soap in it, smiling.' </b><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/#"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgxYk8Q2ZVTvHri5RAfAGB5DRQN0lIHoNlctsCX7gqk1q2lJ7a3JUbhL2brt7y4lUFBSQWY9uOLD6riGbNqPWkG1fLFYI18NoqeAnlXCZHBj7SKz06ZKmdzoSk4C4e3GXOWbQg3hl7a661H3z3A_fzQKIdNWlsm821AALIglQqO_wusluWTgj14zyo=s320" /></a> <br /><br />Although the scene for this chapter in the Gilbert-Gorman schema is 'the Bath', we don't actually visit the baths. <br /><b><br />SOAP: But that's the most important bit! </b><br /><br />The chapter ends with Bloom imagining the bath:<br /><b><br />'Enjoy a bath now: clean trough of water, cool enamel, the gentle tepid stream. This is my body.<br /><br />He foresaw his pale body reclined in it at full, naked, in a womb of warmth, oiled by scented melting soap, softly laved. He saw his trunk and limbs riprippled over and sustained, buoyed lightly upward, lemonyellow...'</b><br /><br />We next meet the soap shortly after 11 am in the carriage, heading north to Glasnevin for Paddy Dignam's funeral. <br /><br /> <b>'I am sitting on something hard. Ah, that soap: in my hip pocket. Better shift it out of that. Wait for an opportunity....'</b><br /><br />Getting out of the carriage, he moves the soap to his inner handkerchief pocket. <br /><b><br /> 'Change that soap now. Mr Bloom’s hand unbuttoned his hip pocket swiftly and transferred the paperstuck soap to his inner handkerchief pocket.' </b><br /><br />I think it's now 'paperstuck' because it got wet in the bath.<br /><br />In the newspaper chapter, after midday, 'Aeolus', the soap gets its own headline:<br /> <b><br /> 'ONLY ONCE MORE THAT SOAP <br /><br /> He took out his handkerchief to dab his nose. Citronlemon? Ah, the soap I put there. Lose it out of that pocket. Putting back his handkerchief he took out the soap and stowed it away, buttoned, into the hip pocket of his trousers' </b><br /><br />It stays in his hip pocket for the rest of the day. Although the headline says 'only once more' there are seven more soap appearances.<br /><br />At the end of the lunch chapter, around 2 pm, the soap helps Bloom out of a difficult situation, when he's trying to avoid a chance street encounter with Blazes Boylan:<br /><br /><b>'I am looking for that. Yes, that. Try all pockets. Handker. Freeman. Where did I ? Ah, yes. Trousers. Purse. Potato. Where did I ?<br /><br />Hurry. Walk quietly. Moment more. My heart.<br /><br />His hand looking for the where did I put found in his hip pocket soap lotion have to call tepid paper stuck, Ah, soap there! Yes. Gate.<br /><br />Safe!'</b><br /><br />The soap's tepid now, and by the time of the Sirens episode, around 4.40pm, it's sticky:<br /><b><br />'Ow. Bloom stood up. Soap feeling rather sticky behind. Must have sweated: music. That lotion, remember.' </b><br /><br />In the evening, around 9.30, on Sandymount Strand, Bloom smells the soap and again remembers he's forgotten to go back and pay Mr Sweny for the lotion.<b></b><p></p><p><b><br /> 'Mr Bloom inserted his nose. Hm. Into the. Hm. Opening of his waistcoat. Almonds or. No. Lemons it is. Ah no, that’s the soap. <br /><br /> O by the by that lotion. I knew there was something on my mind. Never went back and the soap not paid.'</b><br /><br />In the late evening after 11.10pm, in Nighttown, Bloom worries that he's had his pockets picked:<br /><br /><b>BLOOM O!<br /><br />(Shocked, on weak hams, he halts. Tommy and Jacky vanish there, there. Bloom pats with parcelled hands watch, fobpocket, bookpocket, pursepocket, sweets of sin, potato soap.)<br /><br />BLOOM Beware of pickpockets. Old thieves' dodge. Collide. Then snatch your purse.</b><br /><br />But the climax of the epic is the apotheosis of the soap, when it's transformed into a sunrise and gains the power of speech: <br /><br /><b>'BLOOM: I was just going back for that lotion whitewax, orangeflower water. Shop closes early on Thursday. But the first thing in the morning. (<i>He pats divers pockets.</i>) This moving kidney. Ah! <br /><br /> <i>(He points to the south, then to the east. A cake of new clean lemon soap arises, diffusing light and perfume.) </i><br /><br /> THE SOAP: <br /><br /> We’re a capital couple are Bloom and I.<br /> He brightens the earth. I polish the sky. <br /><i><br /> (The freckled face of Sweny, the druggist, appears in the disc of the soapsun.) </i><br /><br /> SWENY: Three and a penny, please. <br /><br />BLOOM: Yes. For my wife. Mrs Marion. Special recipe.' </b><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/#"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj6K0B_AkN5bTWeEvtuOqPpYVgx5eWuKJE_HMX1lRdvJh0b25NLsQotDRCYxvlBvDNWBGpAsqOMBqZ2nOhfvnSWufwVrYflpmQBdXfe6PzndOqGZRUZABwZuQootp15MNM511O0kbgNQHOrGnVVAQTlfMZXzVEXcSRkrJg2N2h1bzZavtHH14aFFos=s320" /></a> <br /><br /><br />At this point Lisa as the soap rose up from beneath the table with a sun on her head, and Sweny's face on the sun. <br /><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/#"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCRvJn_Td4FiIL935XqdvT9MO8YkJNN_f85m4bkO9g_9Mo4c70d2ZA0O-UAePZSzBNcNierrjxOS7G_8yC-2WVUzMFBEPR_KsUObbmqLAg1dqtPP-FgioDcFlLHwocp64NhpouopT96NRKaEDMfRc0pS7l1gqervuDjTX2u3pFatfRNtV7tFBU0X4=s320" /></a><br /><br /><br />I based Sweny's face on the photo of him in the chemist's today, with added freckles.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/#"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi7hDYuPIcWyYfF-_M3ELvIDVs73tQes2U98ugsQmz9B2UsGXdhnqNOTaMa5V4BW776ixYq4MK3yS_rNV0QSQ-MkxHFHicNXPw56GwSDk_996SBvtbYgYqwS40yXMA_EjRm4mIg5dwpsYhvj5SYD6uuHA7NSUSqMXusDWa_7-E_2fRdwl4qremfL8U=s320" /></a><br /><br />I wonder if the sunrise was inspired by the Freeman's Journal, which wrapped the soap earlier in the day. The editorial page had an image of the sun rising above the Bank of Ireland, formerly Parliament House. In Calypso, Bloom remembers Arthur Griffith's witty description of this as '<strong>a homerule sun rising up in the northwest
from the laneway behind the bank of Ireland</strong>.'</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiv8XJPjayQb5WtMK9wdXzuSBEPr7zXagwV9n56GtZcTQ8TUxRWFJuuAUV2Y41naUG2omvBaKyl0yoAGfe0gzfK3IGTW4zHlqLjozi2cYNLjoMrDplfagNsZHLJxX4CE6SP-1CBBON6fxt-iyq4Qngy0ng6Xd1a7pMvZQso-oy-Jsssj5gyNxRbeFs=s408" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="408" data-original-width="375" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiv8XJPjayQb5WtMK9wdXzuSBEPr7zXagwV9n56GtZcTQ8TUxRWFJuuAUV2Y41naUG2omvBaKyl0yoAGfe0gzfK3IGTW4zHlqLjozi2cYNLjoMrDplfagNsZHLJxX4CE6SP-1CBBON6fxt-iyq4Qngy0ng6Xd1a7pMvZQso-oy-Jsssj5gyNxRbeFs=s320" width="294" /></a></div><p><i>Finnegans Wake</i> also has <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2014/03/soap-and-sunrise.html">a soap sunrise</a>.<br /></p><p><br />The soap then features in the Litany of the Daughters of Erin<b></b></p><p><b><br /> 'THE DAUGHTERS OF ERIN: <br /><br /> Kidney of Bloom, pray for us<br /> Flower of the Bath, pray for us<br /> Mentor of Menton, pray for us<br /> Canvasser for the Freeman, pray for us<br /> Charitable Mason, pray for us<br /> Wandering Soap, pray for us...'</b><br /><br />The Saponiad ends after two in the morning in the kitchen of 7 Eccles Street:<br /><br /> <b>'Having set the halffilled kettle on the now burning coals, why did he return to the stillflowing tap? <br /><br /> To wash his soiled hands with a partially consumed tablet of Barrington’s lemonflavoured soap, to which paper still adhered, (bought thirteen hours previously for fourpence and still unpaid for), in fresh cold neverchanging everchanging water and dry them, face and hands, in a long redbordered holland cloth passed over a wooden revolving roller.'</b><br /><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/#"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiY6ghBYfeFsczPnKCbxpo4WZpkzRV8wqunGVUhcnPOEd6hcYL9BJ8ZaBIh6UHsFjC6rSFj2DI7rrzb33KvZANDHfmsVY4z-NLoaATdCc_zpH2GP9k76F-WQ7toir_WfHsQ76-D6zQ0fqgH6vdNcJgq2Yp4Dahde31-4oQH-AXO5rUQ2ty6l19zwPI=s320" /></a><br /></p><p><b><br />ME: And that's when the Saponiad ends.<br />SOAP: And that's when the book should have ended! </b><br /></p><p>You can still buy lemon soap from <a href="https://www.sweny.ie/shop">Sweny's Pharmacy and, at 5 euros, it's better value than it was when Mr Bloom bought his bar.</a><br /><b><br />'Let me know exactly what you are doing and how you are getting on, if you have sold anything or are travelling for soap. Oh my prophetic soul when I put soap in Ulysses' pocket.'</b><br /><br /> Joyce to Frank Budgen, 28 February 1921 <br /><br /> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiwoLO548mPPkfF1CSDK_G2_YJm_eURURZeo45GhmdPlhvLnSEZlvp-hfPN5csguHv6llYBEa8Hb7sJYhLu2jmfn1SyFJWVLLVlgtq3qqW1lmILhHi4oni42so8Ijc9HUGB5ZnoJeu8OeMynXGVYFpDvYG5CoxJBmKyZUA1elIg81p0y_V6__g2OOw=s2048" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1371" data-original-width="2048" height="429" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiwoLO548mPPkfF1CSDK_G2_YJm_eURURZeo45GhmdPlhvLnSEZlvp-hfPN5csguHv6llYBEa8Hb7sJYhLu2jmfn1SyFJWVLLVlgtq3qqW1lmILhHi4oni42so8Ijc9HUGB5ZnoJeu8OeMynXGVYFpDvYG5CoxJBmKyZUA1elIg81p0y_V6__g2OOw=w640-h429" width="640" /></a></div><br />Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-40439236400657246952021-12-31T17:34:00.008+00:002022-01-03T10:36:46.934+00:00The Coach With the Six Insides<div class="separator"><p style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEigwsZKtBBGzw_weYqJuIBPiuul1gmvn0zre7G39XIOQJky4qfYnuD8KV7IJgq7_WCuWJ9JPG9sdzMlPfCyCaMhMCWBH7LkqySQn0U_5fJEjEvXvJHxVrzQIh1JzsL6mVCMq41F7LWaNLZJbfebixFlAH4J08gL-7DzzLCYs_G7fEwVSO2_m-go5rk=w496-h640" /><br /><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">Here's Jean Erdman, the choreographer and dancer, dancing the role of Biddy the Hen in <i>The Coach With the Six Insides</i>, her 1962 musical comic stage adaptation of <i>Finnegans Wake</i>.<br /><br />Erdman, who <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/06/arts/dance/jean-erdman-dead.html">died in May 2020, at the age of 104</a>, was the wife of the mythologist Joseph Campbell, co-author of <i>The Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake</i>. A great dancer and choreographer, she began in 1938 <a href="https://marthagraham.org/history/">as the soloist of the Martha Graham company</a>. After forming her own company in 1944, she collaborated with John Cage, Merce Cunningham and Maya Deren. As a choreographer, she created total theatre, mixing spoken words, music, dance and visual art. The Jean Erdman company continues today, and its website has <a href="http://jeanerdmandance.com/repertory.html">filmed recreations of her dances</a>.</span></p><p style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Here she is as Medusa, from an unfinished film by Maya Deren. This reminds me of James Joyce dancing <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2021/02/james-joyce-dancing-years.html">'like a satyr on a Greek vase'</a>.<br /><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEixwermPPReYfpxeM-NUgi3LdNMpo7dCzm318xW2sQzWNjPYEqzCZvVWwf57pTCXthe1HqdyeRGgExR93chmGiWJtzRoTxf2D4-qBAs0SKE_Ozboiwfb21dnuBZJoRipFmmS9urTxA-AOWppU-eRe-RhRS4GPaRFlUxZeP5Hivec4f4zHqhqq_TRR0=s695" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="695" data-original-width="581" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEixwermPPReYfpxeM-NUgi3LdNMpo7dCzm318xW2sQzWNjPYEqzCZvVWwf57pTCXthe1HqdyeRGgExR93chmGiWJtzRoTxf2D4-qBAs0SKE_Ozboiwfb21dnuBZJoRipFmmS9urTxA-AOWppU-eRe-RhRS4GPaRFlUxZeP5Hivec4f4zHqhqq_TRR0=w335-h400" width="335" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><p></p><p style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;">An
extract from <i>The Coach With the Six Insides</i> was filmed for television in 1964, and
here it is, from YouTube, posted by Repetition compulsion. It begins
with an interview, in which Erdman explains why dance and <i>Finnegans Wake</i> were made for each other.<br /><b><br />'All
the language is rhythmic and poetic, it has many layers of
meaning....The language of movement, which can carry images
quickly...doesn't bind you down to defining things.' </b></span></p></div><p></p><p></p><p><iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/WoiJVkdDbOo" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/WoiJVkdDbOo/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe></p><p>
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<div class="column"><span style="font-family: arial;">I love the dances, by Jean Erdman, in which she performs all the various aspects of Anna Livia Plurabelle. Her guiding belief was</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> that <a href="http://jeanerdmandance.com/about.html">'a choreographer should create for each new dance a style of movement intrinsic to its subject'</a>. You can see this in the different ways she dances the lively bouncing hen and Kate the weighed-down crone. The four actors speak the text extracted from various parts of the book, and also use mime. I like the way they arrive on stage, driving their coach. </span></div><div class="column"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></div><div class="column"><span style="font-family: arial;">Joyce, who was himself a celebrated dancer, would have approved (See my post <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2021/02/james-joyce-dancing-years.html">James Joyce: The Dancing Years</a>). <br /></span></div><div class="column"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></div><div class="column"><span style="font-family: arial;">There are similarities with <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2013/10/filming-finnegans-wake.html">Mary Manning's play and Mary Ellen Bute's film</a>, also based on <i>The Skeleton Key</i>, and also creating a new plot by selecting passages from across the Wake. The main difference is that Earwicker doesn't appear in <i>The Coach</i> <i>With the Six Insides</i> – perhaps because it's all taking place inside his dreaming mind.<br /></span></div><div class="column"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="column"><span style="font-family: arial;">This is where the title comes from:<br /><b> </b></span></div><div class="column"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'You have jest (a ham) beamed listening through (a ham pig) his haulted excerpt from John Whiston’s fiveaxled production, The Coach With The Six Insides, from the Tales of Yore of the times gone by before there was a hofdking or a hoovthing or a pinginapoke in Oreland, all sould' </b> 359.22 </span></div>
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<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><p class="css-axufdj evys1bk0"><span style="font-family: arial;">There's a record of the show, with Teiji Ito's wonderful music, which you can listen to on <a href="https://jeanerdman.bandcamp.com/album/the-coach-with-the-six-insides">Jean Erdman's bandcamp page</a>. Ito is better known for his <a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-812478128/the-very-eye-of-night-1952">scores for Maya Deren</a>. See </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUau8Ef4hGo">'Teiji Ito on Maya Deren' on YouTube</a>.<br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgz7tnF1-MMbQhQ2IQdhSTZPOlmR68cxwnuukGXGsvkJ5PCmFDk4nD4Mrt4DUIk7qskWJCIUCE77kBLMFz74Wdtm8tYaM8W8VUGpUstpfEcZAHZTB74mCDt3tr-jWDpAGIN9D_nekYaCdzkWMjxwGe7KxiGiA7jjC8TcqcsoiKMsA2jyw9MCQWevC4=s552" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="544" data-original-width="552" height="394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgz7tnF1-MMbQhQ2IQdhSTZPOlmR68cxwnuukGXGsvkJ5PCmFDk4nD4Mrt4DUIk7qskWJCIUCE77kBLMFz74Wdtm8tYaM8W8VUGpUstpfEcZAHZTB74mCDt3tr-jWDpAGIN9D_nekYaCdzkWMjxwGe7KxiGiA7jjC8TcqcsoiKMsA2jyw9MCQWevC4=w400-h394" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"></span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjgkmsQIlv0HdzV498RLy03O0GR-qz4AhJ45vd-TvDWoNwFekDfeZUQpNQGWiOCvd1DzmllqUptbWReXJvdbWDMVvn7yASSsEtI2nViJ59ZxVwuIAMBSXpTXmNHIbxpDOd_UX7KlyMIYSv5t5HAhbzUg82ti3murNv7v1dLJ082lF4ql8zGE6R-duw=s547" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="547" data-original-width="543" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjgkmsQIlv0HdzV498RLy03O0GR-qz4AhJ45vd-TvDWoNwFekDfeZUQpNQGWiOCvd1DzmllqUptbWReXJvdbWDMVvn7yASSsEtI2nViJ59ZxVwuIAMBSXpTXmNHIbxpDOd_UX7KlyMIYSv5t5HAhbzUg82ti3murNv7v1dLJ082lF4ql8zGE6R-duw=w398-h400" width="398" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Campbell wrote an explanation of the story for a 1964 theatre programme (which you can download from the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/#">University of Hawaii here</a>). Here he goes even further than <i>The Skeleton Key</i> in finding a daytime existence for the dreamer. So he says that <i>The Coach With the Six Insides</i> was 'the title of a television drama seen on the tavern bar a few hours before the dream.' </span><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj1CZHeuJr4Pda4cGzd1y_dM2s6yz5lIMnydvh-EAQ8tZ3cCg-TTMgfZP_d13X3xgLmuN3QIKxEn6UJcB1_56XrPjnaf6MsNtD-VjY9BxKA4yNZoC4da7XuFzyUeRICgR3EL1aVz7hRyn5pXm2-258qjITbSzEOZER7oxQ3tylQY3OzsCB7BmbsPrI=s514" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="423" data-original-width="514" height="329" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj1CZHeuJr4Pda4cGzd1y_dM2s6yz5lIMnydvh-EAQ8tZ3cCg-TTMgfZP_d13X3xgLmuN3QIKxEn6UJcB1_56XrPjnaf6MsNtD-VjY9BxKA4yNZoC4da7XuFzyUeRICgR3EL1aVz7hRyn5pXm2-258qjITbSzEOZER7oxQ3tylQY3OzsCB7BmbsPrI=w400-h329" width="400" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhmWhZ3_VIZdo9m1JlG8YeIeJWHjesAh1UsUW-RoQPlWfqDFQ-w6A_6z0Hl3ufDe0R_vZ1qJJ3Ii_gHlYofH6JvcTEPCeFnTZWsznuXUC0F2qyN7_V7iG_-JTLct1i9mtVu9-t8_-LRvRZkEXRY68NLrjO4ZD4rIviCCf_hSn1H7AD5EMdU0P3MdxE=s557" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="557" data-original-width="514" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhmWhZ3_VIZdo9m1JlG8YeIeJWHjesAh1UsUW-RoQPlWfqDFQ-w6A_6z0Hl3ufDe0R_vZ1qJJ3Ii_gHlYofH6JvcTEPCeFnTZWsznuXUC0F2qyN7_V7iG_-JTLct1i9mtVu9-t8_-LRvRZkEXRY68NLrjO4ZD4rIviCCf_hSn1H7AD5EMdU0P3MdxE=w369-h400" width="369" /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">See my post <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2020/12/the-dream-of-hcearwicker.html">The Dream of H.C. Earwicker?</a> for the background to this dreamer theory, which dominated early readings of <i>Finnegans Wake</i>.<br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">I've also found a <i>New York Times</i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/#"> interview with Campbell and Erdman, by David Sears, from 1982</a>, when the piece was being revived for Joyce's centenary.</span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Campbell:
'I was working on the 'Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake' years before.
And I suppose that's what got into her system. But it was her idea to
make it a dance, really. It was originally going to be a solo, you know.
Then she seemed to get so excited about the language and the fun of
what Joyce was doing with language that she couldn't think of just
having a dance. So the next step was to bring in actors.'</b></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'But
the dance was never dropped,' Miss Erdman adds. 'Originally it was the
dance of Anna Livia Plurabelle. She's Finnegan's wife, but she really
embodies all women of every kind. And it was going to be an evening of
those images: the young girl, the daughter, the old crone, the seductive
Maggies, the wife, the river and the rain, Belinda the hen. Those were
the main ideas, anyway - all Anna Livia. And in each one I was searching
for movement themes that would shape the body. These were abstract
themes all coming together in one feminine principle, but they were also
independent characters. Then I showed them to Teiji Ito, our composer,
and he decided on what wonderful sounds to use -such instruments as
Japanese flutes, bells, shells, marimbala, accordion and violin.'</b></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>From
adding music and dialogue, characters and mime passages, the 'Coach'
turned into a series of vignettes through which the dance sequences were
strung like Joyce's 'perils before swain.'</b></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'Anna Livia is the
River Liffey,' explains Mr. Campbell. 'When you're south of Dublin,
it starts out like a little dancing girl. Then it flows north a little
bit and starts turning eastwards, running through the suburbs of the
city. She's now a mother of a family near Phoenix Park. When it turns
and goes through the city, it sweeps off all of the filth like a
scrubwoman taking it out to the sea. The River Liffey is all of those
stages at once, all of the time, so that when she's a little girl she's
also the old woman. And when she's the old woman the dancing girl is
still there.'</b></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'And that's why I wanted to dance her,' adds
Miss Erdman. 'Joyce makes that river his female principle. She
activates the book, urges her hero-husband on to greater deeds, tempts
him to do too much and then fall. She puts him together again, like
Humpty Dumpty, and starts him out. And when she dies, she just flows out
into the ocean and up into the rainfall.'</b></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Rising and falling,
crucifixion and ascension, motifs occuring throughout the mythologies of
the world, have here been translated in dance terms through Mr.
Campbell's guidance.</b></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'All dance is based on the truths of
gravity, so we have to recognize a world dance from that point of
view,' his wife continues. 'In East Indian dance, the body stands on
the ground, articulating with the arms around a center. But it's not
asking to conquer gravity at all. This is in direct opposition to
European dance, which has an entirely different mythology. There you
find the impulse to jump, the rebound, the constant yearning toward an
infinite point. It is a relationship to an outside deity, not from
within.'</b></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'That's where Joyce comes in,' says Mr. Campbell,
developing her theme. 'He accepts man in all his nastiness, brutality
and everything. He takes you into the abyssal nightmare of time in the
'Wake,' only to show you mercy afterwards. And that saves mankind.
It's the resurrection, or if you wish, reincarnation. Romans, Chapter
11, Verse 32, you know, and that's a number occurring throughout the
book over and over again - 1132.</b></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'And at the end the river meets
the ocean to come back as the rain,' his wife exclaims. 'The old
crone is so wonderful to dance, because she's so full of her weight. But
then she becomes possessed with the spirit of this whole thing, that
crazy 'I'm out on the town now' kind of thing! And she's suddenly doing
wild jigs. She becomes a totally different person.</b></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>''You know I
have to laugh when I think it's really the people who don't know the
book at all, or the language or anything like that, who usually end up
having the most fun with this show.' Miss Erdman says. 'They don't
feel responsibility for understanding it, so they are then free to
totally understand.'</b></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'I think you're right there, Jean,' Mr.
Campbell admits. 'But we're all like that, really, because you can't
get to the bottom of Joyce after all. You just have to have fun with him
and float along with that wonderful river.'</b></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'In that wonderful 'Coach,' ' she adds, with a wink and a knowing smile.</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgMS0m2zM3UPKvwcSZb4c-_XdUBG7ocaey9QaYgNfQq4HECkzv_Qb7cjQeHUu4J80b7-Hsb1sZuLRtI0WlU9DZegP_RcWdEwZQiIvHDeGSyEL12iWHCipL1TOegrJwOFqZ-KzVGhJ-D5tN0d_cLXa2Km1ZskIk0uCvEHAA98afSXYxRGEGrdCY1-s0=s686" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="686" data-original-width="521" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgMS0m2zM3UPKvwcSZb4c-_XdUBG7ocaey9QaYgNfQq4HECkzv_Qb7cjQeHUu4J80b7-Hsb1sZuLRtI0WlU9DZegP_RcWdEwZQiIvHDeGSyEL12iWHCipL1TOegrJwOFqZ-KzVGhJ-D5tN0d_cLXa2Km1ZskIk0uCvEHAA98afSXYxRGEGrdCY1-s0=w486-h640" width="486" /></a></div><br /> </b></span></span><br /> </div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Happy New Year Wakeans!</span><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-84984941070465162712021-12-28T12:04:00.012+00:002022-01-01T11:27:37.138+00:00Your Questions for James Joyce <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTR3P8O4b60NgcGeD2WgppHMEoUkrwQmUuioOjFMjt_1Q2xMX1ffFVFO4BL0zOKpOoPD0jYr0VBHQ8591_THxwvAWo8lxTXazhwQHC-x8iihKkBy0NjY8xBt0diHyk09csDiuotbJ5UuAUWX54_y1wuGo97Pb_YAFXJe3s-x0BRhWWBSQSUQ3KoNs=s2048" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTR3P8O4b60NgcGeD2WgppHMEoUkrwQmUuioOjFMjt_1Q2xMX1ffFVFO4BL0zOKpOoPD0jYr0VBHQ8591_THxwvAWo8lxTXazhwQHC-x8iihKkBy0NjY8xBt0diHyk09csDiuotbJ5UuAUWX54_y1wuGo97Pb_YAFXJe3s-x0BRhWWBSQSUQ3KoNs=w266-h400" width="266" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joyce ponders his answers<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">In<a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2021/12/what-would-you-ask-james-joyce.html"> my last post,</a> I asked for your questions about <i>Finnegans Wake</i> to take back, via Time Machine, to James Joyce in Paris. <br /><br />There are some great questions here, and they're all so varied. No question was repeated. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">I was reminded of Joyce's comment that his book could 'satisfy more readers than any other book because it gives them the opportunity to use their own ideas in the reading.'</span></span></p><p><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Time Machine (<a href="http://neural.it/2013/12/the-time-machine-lawrence-lek/">Alfred Jarry model</a>) is cranked up and running, and I'm about to set off, <a href="https://parisresidencesjamesjoyce.com/2020/04/01/apartment-34-rue-des-vignes/">aiming for 34 Rue de Vignes, Paris</a>, on 4 May 1939, publication day.</span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Here are the questions for Mr Joyce. <br /></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Steve Carey:<br /><br /><b>Are we to assume the prior administration of some kind of truth serum? JJ seems to have been particularly averse to being 'worked out.' If so, I’d ask: what would you wish your reader to know from reading your book?</b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />HenHanna:<br /> <br /><b>I could ask... but Joyce rarely gave simple , straight Answers,<br /> -- Or did he sometimes ?Did he ever give Super-helpful , simple , straight Answers<br /> to Carola G-W,<br /> to Mercanton , ....... ?</b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In fact, he did give straight <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2015/03/james-joyce-describes-finnegans-wake.html">answers to questions about <i>Finnegans Wake</i></a>.</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Calum Gibson: </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Did he know he was writing a book that most people would find extremely difficult to read? </b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(This is one Joyce answered. He told Adolf Hoffmeister, 'I don't think that the difficulties in reading it are so insurmountable. Certainly any intelligent reader can read and understand it, if he returns to the text again and again.')</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Neil Burns:</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">Would you, do you think, knowing that this soundscape novel, being not accepted, generally by those not willing to engage with the text, in a meaningful way, forget the whole project or did you need to get it out of your literary system?</span></b> <br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rob Hardy from fwread (the page a week group) asked:<br /><b><br />
There are just too many questions about this enormous enigmatical work -
I'd be embarrassed to ask for any sort of explanation. <br /> <br /> But
wouldn't it be fun to let him know that all these years later there were
still scads of people puzzling through? And that some of them are
using a thing called e-mail ("Speak to us of Emailia," saith the big
book) internationally to read together one page a week?</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Some asked philosophical questions.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Gavan Kennedy:</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br /> Is there a reality beyond 'the reality of experience'? </span></span></b></span></span><br /> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Bruce Stewart:</span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br /><b>'My
question would be simple. “Do you believe in the individual human soul,
Mr Joyce?” He would probably answer, I do not think I have the right or
the means to express my philosophical opinions except through (“sauf
que”) the elaborate means of my experimental art.” Ou seja.'<span style="font-family: arial;"></span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></b></span></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Others had specific questions about the structure of the book.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Alex Gregoire:</span></span></span></span></p><p><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">
<b>With III.1, I’d want to get him more solidly on the record about the backwards stations.
How much time do we have with him? I’ll bring a few bottles of Swiss Piss & we’ll make a Saturday of it.</b></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tim Finnegan:<br /><b><br />How are Books One and Three symmetrical?</b></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lars Johansson:<br /><b><br />Is your book supposed to take place on a single night, or series of nights, and if so, on what specific date or dates?<br /><br />Can you tell me more about the character of Sigurdsen (or whatever his name is). Is he both servant and police man or two different persons? What was the inspiration to him?<br />And also more about Magrath and father Michael</b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Walt Heenan asked about HCE's 'crime':<br /><b><br />Did he actually do it? And if I could get him to elaborate a bit, then what in the hell, exactly, was it that he done?....Should we acquit him or convict him? </b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Graziano Galati:</span></span><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> <br /><b>I guess I would ask:Are HCE and family a red Herring of sorts? Are you not just really completing the portrait? </b></span></span></b><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bernadette Gorman, author of <i>Sounds of Manymirth on the Night's Ear Ringing</i>, a new book about Percy French and <i>Finnegans Wake</i>, asked:</span></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">What
was his problem and obsession with Percy French and why did he so
carefully fillet his library of all the Percy French material he
manifestly consulted? Also why did he spend months in the UK in 1923 the
year after The Chronicles of PF were published? </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">Another
question, did he raid his father's files on the Chapelizod distillery,
carried from rented house to rented house and did he discover that it
was the Chapelizod Distillery that Percy French lost his considerable
savings in? In a word, did John Joyce rob Percy French?</span></span></b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">Bernadette also responded to the Magrath question above: </span></span><b><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><br /></span></span></b></span></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-901oao css-16my406 r-1cvl2hr r-1loqt21 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" href="https://twitter.com/PeterChrisp" role="link"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></b></p><div class="css-1dbjc4n"><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" dir="auto" id="id__tpllgxxjbwh" lang="en"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">"Parsee French writer of annoyingmost letters and skirriles ballets who is Magrath's thug and smells cheaply of Power's spirits and he is not fit enough to throw guts down to a bear..." Some mouthful straight from the mouth of JSJ surely? So who is Magrath???</span></span></b></div></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">Dr Anne-Marie D'Arcy, Joycean Medievalist, asked: </span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">Well, I'm pretty sure of the <a href="https://brill.com/view/book/9789004426191/BP000019.xml">significance of the date 1132</a>,
and attendant dates, so I would ask him about the influence of Edmund
Hogan, Daniel Binchy, E.K. Rand, E.R. Curtius and M.L. Laistner on its
evolution ...</span> <br /></span></span></b></span></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bozo Monkey Bear:<br /><br /><b>interesting game. i would ask if he intended to make the physical book a simulacrum of the globe and how he conceived of the idea and how he managed to get north and south pole exploration references around pages 314 and 628/3 (given printing technology back then it doesn't seem like that was an easy task)? i'd also be interested in how the procession of the equinoxes and other "deep time" elements figure into the work (ala pq's interest in these elements)?</b><br /><br />Robert Reister:<br /><br /><b>I would ask him to elaborate on the “coach with six insides”, tesseract, associations please ? </b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">('The Coach with the Six Insides' appears at 359.24. HCE's 'existence as a tesseract' is at 100.35)<br /></span></span></p><h2 aria-level="2" class="css-4rbku5 css-901oao css-bfa6kz r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-adyw6z r-b88u0q r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="auto" role="heading"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-xoduu5 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-xoduu5 r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-xoduu5 r-18u37iz r-dnmrzs"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1awozwy r-18jsvk2 r-6koalj r-poiln3 r-b88u0q r-bcqeeo r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 css-bfa6kz r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">Vincent Altman O'Connor:</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><br /></div></div></div></h2><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">"Mr Joyce, why did you visit the graveyard at Sidlesham Church?
Were you looking for a particular grave?
Who is buried in the environs of Bognor (of all places) that might be of interest to you?"
("Whisht owadat! I was looking for the grave of a famous Dubliner but, well..!")</span></span></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><b><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">
(The first person to identify this Dubliner will be treated by me to Coddle & Pint in the Gravediggers next Bloomsday.)</span></b></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">Vincent later gave <a href="https://twitter.com/AltmandeSaltman/status/1475529434371403776">his answer to this one.</a> </span> </span> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />Paul Devine quoted Samuel Beckett's essay in the <i>Exagmination</i>:</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <br /><b>“You cannot complain that this stuff is not written in English. It is not written at all. It is not to be read. It is to be looked at and listened to. His writing is not about something. It is that something itself.”<br />Did Samuel Beckett discuss this with you, Mr Joyce? </b><br /></span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Clint Carroll:</span></span><br /><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Peter, I'd love to ask Joyce how he muscled through his doubts or troubles while writing this special monster of a book. Mr. Joyce, how did you keep the engine running, the soul floating above water, and the intellect humming for almost two decades? Song? Drink? Prayer? Love? Stubbornness? Belief? Hope? Fun(n)? <br /><br />What word, line, and/or passage delighted you the most as you wrote it or it occurred to you?</b><br /><br />Tim Cotton:<br /><br /><b>If you had your time over again, what changes would you make in your literary trajectory?</b><br /><br />Robert K Blechman:<br /><br /><b>Since you wrote <i>Ulysses</i> as the first meta novel, was <i>Finnegans Wake</i> intended to be the first post-meta novel?</b><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Diego Pacheco:<br /><br /><b>Bac</b></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>k in the ear1y days, what was it like reading <i>Finnegans Wake</i> in a reading group setting? You (J.J.)seem to believe in the life of soul(s) substance and monad(s) coherence after death. How does Finnegans Wake describe Brunian monadic existence existencially and transpersonally? Did you pick universe building or did universe buildung pick you?</b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br /> (J.J.) Is your last unwritten novel woven into <i>Finnegans Wake</i> yet to be extricated? </b><br /><br /> Mary Adams:<br /><br /><b>Not directly about FW, but could I ask if he remains persecuted by nightmares? I want to help free him. </b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">El Tel:</span></span></span></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Were you on drugs when you wrote it?</span></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brian Hodge:</span></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">How did you get away with the the biggest literary con job for all these years?</span></span></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Marcin Kedzior:</span></span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br /><b>Could we go for a walk by the river, and maybe you could tell me about the sounds along the way.</b></span></span> </span></span></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">Philip Franklin:</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><b>My question relates to JJ creating an act of magic, and assumes he keeps up with recent developments*:<br /><br />What's your view, Mr Joyce, on the fact that a current well known Irish writer writes a fictional biography of a writer who was more or less a contemporary of yours, and then goes on and calls it The Magician?<br /><br />I'm in the middle of the Colm Toibin book, and in fact Thomas Mann and JJ have always been paired in my head, from the following experience. When I went to college in the sixties we were asked to read in the summer beforehand the Magic Mountain, in German. Not an easy task. When we got there the professor who had set the reading suggested we should now try something else of the same vintage - Ulysses. Which took me 40 years to get through, with the centenary of Bloomsday providing the final push.</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">*I will have to take a copy of <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/sep/17/the-magician-by-colm-toibin-review-inside-the-mind-of-thomas-mann">Colm Toibin's <i>The Magician</i></a> in the Time Machine back to 1939 to explain this question to Mr Joyce.</span><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"> </span></span></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">JKB Pacer:</span></span></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">'</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">Lots of possible questions about plot and structure, but one major one: Who dies?' </span></span></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">Michael Quinn:</span></span></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">'What is wrong with you?' </span> </span></span></b></p>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-69440476815773794182021-12-22T11:07:00.005+00:002021-12-23T14:49:09.494+00:00What would you ask James Joyce?<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span> </span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi72Hq4EPKDLFJJck8YwoEh9rado4yR8TYf0qDUXWjQwyfftg-e8d7QXG9h2chB43Xb2idfdn1Aitt-Ba7oAJ59lpx0meW27T72AeMmLLSfiLCY4lB6VNOY9urMjfSei13WW8SHtKD6HBI/s2048/pul4.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1530" data-original-width="2048" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi72Hq4EPKDLFJJck8YwoEh9rado4yR8TYf0qDUXWjQwyfftg-e8d7QXG9h2chB43Xb2idfdn1Aitt-Ba7oAJ59lpx0meW27T72AeMmLLSfiLCY4lB6VNOY9urMjfSei13WW8SHtKD6HBI/w400-h299/pul4.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">I have some questions for you Mr Joyce</span></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><br /></span></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Suppose you could time travel back to Paris in the 1930s, and ask James Joyce to explain <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. What questions would you ask him? </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>He loved talking about his <i>Work in Progress</i>, as it was called until publication, but the people who interviewed him hadn't read the published book, and they didn't ask the questions we would ask now. I've collected his statements in an earlier post, <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2015/03/james-joyce-describes-finnegans-wake.html">James Joyce describes Finnegans Wake</a>. <br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Here are a few I would start with.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9Bb_XUd-zkWKuPc7PfZT4hohq-8QSbIj5SYlhzWQafI_v29aL9zUK05x0jhg5pAvTrNezqB5R1xBGpYJ_LSIZlCVjIo3DebKf4hK4dX2yKsDSiKVGyIvX_q4GEZ0lXfi3Y_oM1fnmcH9UQj5FaF3DxHaSWiw5PDIGKkFy66N3zNh878Cqbgd1ay4=s775" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="775" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9Bb_XUd-zkWKuPc7PfZT4hohq-8QSbIj5SYlhzWQafI_v29aL9zUK05x0jhg5pAvTrNezqB5R1xBGpYJ_LSIZlCVjIo3DebKf4hK4dX2yKsDSiKVGyIvX_q4GEZ0lXfi3Y_oM1fnmcH9UQj5FaF3DxHaSWiw5PDIGKkFy66N3zNh878Cqbgd1ay4=s320" width="320" /></a></div><span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Is there a dreamer? Who is it?</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>What did you mean when you told Frank Budgen that your <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2019/04/the-cad-with-pipe.html">father's encounter with a tramp in the Phoenix Park </a>was the 'whole basis' of your book? What actually happened with your father and the tramp?<br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>You also told <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2015/03/st-patrick-and-druid-in-pictures.html">Frank Budgen, in 1939, that the St Patrick and the Druid sketch was 'the indictment and defense of the book.'</a> Did you have any idea that of that when you wrote it in 1923?<br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>You started the project in Nice in October 1922, taking notes from newspaper ads e.g. Bird's substitute cake meal ('a tin with a purpose'). What did you think you were doing? </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Why is so much of the book, even everyday phrases, recycled from newspapers and books? Did you want us to find your notebooks and track down all those sources?</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Did you believe that in writing the book you were <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2019/05/finnegans-wake-as-magical-evocation.html">performing a work of magic?</a><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>What is the significance of <a href="http://www.fweet.org/cgi-bin/fw_grep.cgi?srch=1132&cake=&icase=1&accent=1&beauty=1&hilight=1&showtxt=1&escope=1&rscope=1&dist=4&ndist=4&fontsz=100&shorth=0">the date 1132</a>? </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlzMn8nwz6N5Ty1p_A3zb4CtqsLIHZCnH5uWSJ1xfBrCRRelk1I_neq8mSLy0D0ddut9TXr36BZ0EBiC8lYGm2rYIH_cahJro8pMTz1DTU_slq4oitsB4ll5DuMaLpNKcvuqrRszU2sFiM5NNEE3LFeocic3lLmkeLnsjcYKT4aTlv6y-mn7G9b_s=s1362" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="269" data-original-width="1362" height="126" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlzMn8nwz6N5Ty1p_A3zb4CtqsLIHZCnH5uWSJ1xfBrCRRelk1I_neq8mSLy0D0ddut9TXr36BZ0EBiC8lYGm2rYIH_cahJro8pMTz1DTU_slq4oitsB4ll5DuMaLpNKcvuqrRszU2sFiM5NNEE3LFeocic3lLmkeLnsjcYKT4aTlv6y-mn7G9b_s=w640-h126" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000252560#page/6/mode/1up"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Joyce invents 1132, from the National Library of Ireland</span></a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>How much of the book takes place in the Mullingar House in Chapelizod, where this plaque can be seen? <br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgUPtZ0N6VhLb5m5f4LiVL09ZlMrWRLonXWtBg6LPgJSf-IkIfutkb3FaTFL0fEJ7DktFEQNFaF9xF7bAxPqEpU4g78HO8pRl0jNpbnKPLurG0tDhLuzwEyvWPfBF8nkBTlg2E_FETQrg5GsxBdhA6DH20ToxCJe4U2gcKxptpnb_nVYOOknDaj33E=s1250" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="798" data-original-width="1250" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgUPtZ0N6VhLb5m5f4LiVL09ZlMrWRLonXWtBg6LPgJSf-IkIfutkb3FaTFL0fEJ7DktFEQNFaF9xF7bAxPqEpU4g78HO8pRl0jNpbnKPLurG0tDhLuzwEyvWPfBF8nkBTlg2E_FETQrg5GsxBdhA6DH20ToxCJe4U2gcKxptpnb_nVYOOknDaj33E=s320" width="320" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span> </span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Who are the 'we' who narrate the opening chapters of Book One?</span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5QAfcuBDQAOsBiNbTbJ1gycPuw7ygWsz4xD6UsQ7s0b22qY7jS3CU2fhRO8ueNKU1kvqN7me9iO-0_cgAqXicMz_UCobxDhh7xNGCqG0XJDbxbAC0gBuHAXXmufaiT7KMMwQ7PRehy5o/s3551/DSC_5867.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="767" data-original-width="3551" height="86" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5QAfcuBDQAOsBiNbTbJ1gycPuw7ygWsz4xD6UsQ7s0b22qY7jS3CU2fhRO8ueNKU1kvqN7me9iO-0_cgAqXicMz_UCobxDhh7xNGCqG0XJDbxbAC0gBuHAXXmufaiT7KMMwQ7PRehy5o/w400-h86/DSC_5867.jpeg" width="400" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Who is the 'I' who narrates the opening of Book Three? Is it really the old men's donkey?</span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8N8lM_tV0XEFdtNO5oJE50bRybwzz4pbVvAh-EZKws0olWmqX0hlMlQl89sGml8SUHuwjVaHkJYM3Gqbr3HnWxbgvJs9nVTeqNlxgFS7UkZ9H4OjUK1FKx4_UaghRCZ19TqQUNJ9dzL0/s2772/DSC_5865+%25282%2529.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="539" data-original-width="2772" height="62" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8N8lM_tV0XEFdtNO5oJE50bRybwzz4pbVvAh-EZKws0olWmqX0hlMlQl89sGml8SUHuwjVaHkJYM3Gqbr3HnWxbgvJs9nVTeqNlxgFS7UkZ9H4OjUK1FKx4_UaghRCZ19TqQUNJ9dzL0/s320/DSC_5865+%25282%2529.jpeg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>How did you learn to <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2013/09/james-joyce-in-bognor-regis.html">write pidgin English in a Bognor guest house?</a> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>What's making all the 'tip' sounds in the Museyroom on pages 8-10?</span></span> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEAGHHa5uhcmsT8RQ2murc35PYQLzxl_YrQJ-Ewct1OFvtTCfMBBGCzJdcnxFtXBiTre39Rpmtf3rPog_U86nzhtr6kt7oiuyEJEHxm_72lXwnQLDF2uoJ2uH3Az8Fcxx_H2SPNSck7Uw/s3284/DSC_5868.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="957" data-original-width="3284" height="93" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEAGHHa5uhcmsT8RQ2murc35PYQLzxl_YrQJ-Ewct1OFvtTCfMBBGCzJdcnxFtXBiTre39Rpmtf3rPog_U86nzhtr6kt7oiuyEJEHxm_72lXwnQLDF2uoJ2uH3Az8Fcxx_H2SPNSck7Uw/s320/DSC_5868.jpeg" width="320" /></a></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span> <br /></span></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">What's making all these <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2016/06/benkbinkbunkbenk-bank-bonk.html">BENK! BINK! noises on page 379</a> <br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMtZNURU-AYSe5ZYiRJi4PMliF4yEIX6whLe0xglrKbe8vBTPb9QpQlhF6ubC3ryFieWPYPIF-X8-6b2UEReiilDZKKuGnqov7lDyXjx6FWcPRDdIs3gdDu156nu4dE7ejpXwb048uoSw/s1239/SCAN1532.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="606" data-original-width="1239" height="157" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMtZNURU-AYSe5ZYiRJi4PMliF4yEIX6whLe0xglrKbe8vBTPb9QpQlhF6ubC3ryFieWPYPIF-X8-6b2UEReiilDZKKuGnqov7lDyXjx6FWcPRDdIs3gdDu156nu4dE7ejpXwb048uoSw/s320/SCAN1532.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Explaining the Phoenix Park Nocturne on p244, <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2013/11/a-phoenix-park-nocturne.html">you told Jacques Mercanton that here
‘two little birds, male and female, release their little prayers, the
two dots on the i's.' </a></span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg99qqFMRQ05U5ThchylA54frLmkFVy1dyJvCU2PxIBLUhgqsNG1_mvKTr4QVdJdslEg1Vi_ykDM9dHB5Jvx-MScMw2knIxJYYg4tEe-PAg0LtwcWVQeB4f6afTPW8mLfIDDk2peB6DdIhVk5bZUC9xT9-RRF26Plknyv1H7-67JiTkEhJpc47yYmM=s1232" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="1232" height="91" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg99qqFMRQ05U5ThchylA54frLmkFVy1dyJvCU2PxIBLUhgqsNG1_mvKTr4QVdJdslEg1Vi_ykDM9dHB5Jvx-MScMw2knIxJYYg4tEe-PAg0LtwcWVQeB4f6afTPW8mLfIDDk2peB6DdIhVk5bZUC9xT9-RRF26Plknyv1H7-67JiTkEhJpc47yYmM=w400-h91" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Do you often use letters as pictures like this?<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">You also told Mercanton that you were following a 'method of working according to the precise laws of phonetics, the laws that rule over all languages'. What did you mean?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">You told Max Eastman that in writing of the night, you couldn't use words in their ordinary connections: 'Used that way they do not express how things are in the night, in the different stages – the conscious, then semi-conscious, then unconscious.' </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Where do these different stages appear in the book? Is the Porter chapter, where there's more visual description, closer to waking?<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Why and when did you <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2021/08/finns-hotel.html">abandon the title <i>Finn's Hotel</i> and rename it <i>Finnegans Wake</i></a>? </span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Why did you drop your plan to make the fourth Shaun chapter 'all about roads, all about dawn and roads'?</span></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Who is the late <a href="http://www.fweet.org/cgi-bin/fw_grep.cgi?i=1&c=1&a=1&b=1&s=_M,Coppinger_&escope=1&dist=4&ndist=4&fontsz=100&showtxt=1">archdeacon J.F.X. Preserved Coppinger</a>? </span><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">What did you mean when you <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2013/09/joyce-reading-finnegans-wake.html">told C.K.Odgen, explaining 'Hircus civis eblanensis', that 'the first man of Dublin was a he-goat'?</a><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgvvsLqnBo9LAxR69g4T8NGNQMnmktT7aGA_mt93vYipnxhqW3ZKODwue0Qdo65GToe2qOyJ3-jYFvHnAACe7mRjEpNFp3011h83_rlHjbIMJPDEiLlbgonVXoln1GyIxBsAxwXyOThqKZd1_g6F2PFxvQc-uNRpA-xRnTKrR2o6f7RnxkQcdhI550=s603" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="458" data-original-width="603" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgvvsLqnBo9LAxR69g4T8NGNQMnmktT7aGA_mt93vYipnxhqW3ZKODwue0Qdo65GToe2qOyJ3-jYFvHnAACe7mRjEpNFp3011h83_rlHjbIMJPDEiLlbgonVXoln1GyIxBsAxwXyOThqKZd1_g6F2PFxvQc-uNRpA-xRnTKrR2o6f7RnxkQcdhI550=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1380278/index.html"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A Glass of Goat's Milk (1909)</span></a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>When you got the chance to correct the text in 1939, <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2020/05/adding-commas-to-finnegans-wake.html">why didn't you correct the real misprints instead of adding all those commas</a>?</span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhfGVhTWcVpyclWLTKqnhhQF0oFi-CuHyNeGgXj1DxYPET6xloFtu0mErEvrfCKfdmkC912QZWWn8RrZ7jY0-EQDZyqndJcT2FMOA5Zw3XSZqjbDaT9K9i2oCL6YWPPqz1mEx5c-xesb7Ts6wJbALbIxp4fmC_ZNXI2WRDhw8-RvlESct9PvmAJGKQ=s632" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="264" data-original-width="632" height="134" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhfGVhTWcVpyclWLTKqnhhQF0oFi-CuHyNeGgXj1DxYPET6xloFtu0mErEvrfCKfdmkC912QZWWn8RrZ7jY0-EQDZyqndJcT2FMOA5Zw3XSZqjbDaT9K9i2oCL6YWPPqz1mEx5c-xesb7Ts6wJbALbIxp4fmC_ZNXI2WRDhw8-RvlESct9PvmAJGKQ=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Richard Ellmann says that you<a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2014/02/happy-birthday-mr-joyce.html"> 'spent a week in November (1929) explaining to James Stephens the whole plan of <i>Finnegans Wake</i>.' </a>What did you tell him?</span></p><p><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiA0L1QYtJM29uZn4_sBNcGlqCxDPu3uMXEB04WB5Y1LMTf81w-rsgf4Je4NeoEGuwD1XnfcdogGOUghRCNRG8_lWHao2uZXKXcfwL74b8CsJdk6GGh6qPBRIbIfxq7HOuEBtv7cox1jnrPRaYc5s8Ww6WQt5ne7TVkvSp7TK31f0VUNp64GZ3Ao7k=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1546" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiA0L1QYtJM29uZn4_sBNcGlqCxDPu3uMXEB04WB5Y1LMTf81w-rsgf4Je4NeoEGuwD1XnfcdogGOUghRCNRG8_lWHao2uZXKXcfwL74b8CsJdk6GGh6qPBRIbIfxq7HOuEBtv7cox1jnrPRaYc5s8Ww6WQt5ne7TVkvSp7TK31f0VUNp64GZ3Ao7k=w303-h400" width="303" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">What would you ask Mr Joyce? <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-11782049142225136892021-10-31T12:03:00.019+00:002021-11-01T11:09:43.392+00:00The Cult of Water<p></p><p></p>Here's a spooky film for Halloween, Wake Lovers.<b> <br /></b><p><i>
</i><iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/xZWD2sDRESk" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xZWD2sDRESk/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe> <br /></p><p>This film, made by the Central Office of Information in 1973, traumatised a whole generation of British children who saw it on television. Writing in Fortean Times, Bob Fischer, who was one of them, calls them the <a href="https://hauntedgeneration.co.uk/2019/04/22/thehauntedgeneration/">'haunted generation'</a>. <b> </b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqBvxcBz-HzKWAhTBMriQo0T16lMriHn3hGjFRmYUbiQq1jwZ2ufc8JltvuvNJmgxiDULqf0YNwxY1bR0ith7gqioRXZrPrGNBf4HonWCAAxhDfgJOelCnR2KlvoRMPqCBQcxTCQaqpYg/s1131/fortean-times-haunted-354-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1131" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqBvxcBz-HzKWAhTBMriQo0T16lMriHn3hGjFRmYUbiQq1jwZ2ufc8JltvuvNJmgxiDULqf0YNwxY1bR0ith7gqioRXZrPrGNBf4HonWCAAxhDfgJOelCnR2KlvoRMPqCBQcxTCQaqpYg/w283-h400/fortean-times-haunted-354-1.jpg" width="283" /></a></div><b></b><p></p><p><b>'The bloody thing used to come lurching out of the ad breaks during <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y72bWeuP1sA">Tiswas</a> without any warning: one minute they'd be cheerily trying to sell you Connect 4 or this week's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look-in">Look In</a>, the next you'd be confronted by a cowled child-killer with Donald Pleasance's voice, gloomily intoning about how 'the show-offs are easy … but the unwary are easier still' and triumphantly warning, his voice laden with echo: 'I'll be BACK-ACK-ACK-ACK!'....I can remember the effect it had on me: it remains, unequivocally, the most scared I have ever been by anything. I was so scared that it continued to haunt me, years after they stopped showing it. Working on my university newspaper, I was granted an interview with Pulp. I wasted my allotted hour talking not about their music, but The Spirit of Dark and Lonely Water, which they'd recently mentioned in passing in the NME. In fairness, they seemed keen to talk about it as well. 'I know it sounds like acid bollocks,' their guitarist Russell Senior offered, 'but me and Jarvis once went down the River Don in Sheffield, throwing money in the water to appease The Spirit.''</b></p><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/mar/30/danger-world-scariest-films">Alexis Petridis, 'Danger! The World's Scariest Films!' <i>The Guardian</i>, 30 March 2012</a><b></b></p><h4 style="text-align: left;">OFFERINGS TO WATER GODDESSES<br /></h4><p>By throwing coins into the River Don, Jarvis Cocker and Russell Senior were continuing a custom which goes back to the Bronze Age.<b> </b>The finest Celtic metalwork has been found in our rivers, especially the Thames, Trent and Welland. </p><p>After the Roman conquest, watery offerings were restricted to shrines with sacred pools, like Bath, where the goddess Sulis Minerva was worshipped at a hot spring. <br /></p><p>Last week I visited Carrawburgh fort on Hadrian's Wall, where there was a shrine to another water goddess, Coventina. <br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrnEex1I1CuflmXSqor7SC8P2OFqpTQyawWzD43jQbDh7ti2MOmwMcu8YyYnHiGFFZzvj15-TN-iSKtKMxVxk85i-YlmgMBafyusWIhYSsY3SHP3MO02nbsrFj_aiXDMc-vMNPuB3EAe4/s2048/DSC_7217.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1477" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrnEex1I1CuflmXSqor7SC8P2OFqpTQyawWzD43jQbDh7ti2MOmwMcu8YyYnHiGFFZzvj15-TN-iSKtKMxVxk85i-YlmgMBafyusWIhYSsY3SHP3MO02nbsrFj_aiXDMc-vMNPuB3EAe4/s320/DSC_7217.jpeg" width="231" /></a></div><p></p><p>There was a sacred spring and pool here, Coventina's Well, excavated by
the landowner John Clayton in 1876. He found 13,487 Roman coins, though
only six can now be seen in his museum.<b> </b>Astonishingly, the antiquarian John Collingwood Bruce melted most of them down, and had them cast into an eagle weighing 6.5kg. A local told me that
there was an old man living nearby who, as a boy, was given handfuls of
Roman coins here. He used them as skimming stones in the lough (unconsciously returning them to the goddess). <br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqI_kX_9kfmvs1YSaF841i56vEh5vvd9hPOsyKTWE9awrVY2Vyor8aFVIfOsXoh40VBVRn1HHhXeQE4g_JxiuOhWIIR7RVGfU-BLaQo5-zrmvlYvp3dV8s9e4zqAY4cGqsw8Mtn_Q8khY/s2048/DSC_7216.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1159" data-original-width="2048" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqI_kX_9kfmvs1YSaF841i56vEh5vvd9hPOsyKTWE9awrVY2Vyor8aFVIfOsXoh40VBVRn1HHhXeQE4g_JxiuOhWIIR7RVGfU-BLaQo5-zrmvlYvp3dV8s9e4zqAY4cGqsw8Mtn_Q8khY/w400-h226/DSC_7216.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br />My friend and neighbour, <a href="https://www.drbramwell.com/">David Bramwell</a>, who grew up beside the River Don in Doncaster, was another 1970s child traumatised by the Lonely Water film.<b> </b><p></p><p><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQNtqt5qAyQNk01FLP78rjCcuyhdr5UNd20UKu3RQsjnviUOKcUnbtDFraW5LUIxsMENfdqS1TbbjTn9KRWbcgXTy35-LglDP2IB9_T6Md1DR2y7rNXTIACoxJZPy4meh6S_azGgCwQT8/s1360/CIMG3022.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1020" data-original-width="1360" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQNtqt5qAyQNk01FLP78rjCcuyhdr5UNd20UKu3RQsjnviUOKcUnbtDFraW5LUIxsMENfdqS1TbbjTn9KRWbcgXTy35-LglDP2IB9_T6Md1DR2y7rNXTIACoxJZPy4meh6S_azGgCwQT8/s320/CIMG3022.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b><br />'I’ve wrestled all my life with thalassophobia – the
fear of large bodies of water – and wanted to confront this fear. In the
last ten years I went down a rabbit hole researching water cults,
sacred springs and wells. I wanted to pay my respect to water. I also
became interested in the idea of following a river back to its source. I
knew if I was going to make this journey as a pilgrimage it’d have to
be along the river Don where I grew up, to search for its lost water
goddess and to trace its biological and metaphorical death and
resurrection over the millennia. When I discovered that Sheffield
adopted Vulcan – the Roman god of fire and forge – as its mascot in the
1800s, the story began to catalyse as a mythic battle of the sexes:
goddess of water vs god of fire. During the industrial revolution Danu
was the equivalent of a princess locked in a tower and being force-fed
MacDonalds for 200 years.'</b><p></p><p>From a 2019 <a href="https://folkhorrorrevival.com/2019/01/22/an-interview-with-david-bramwell-on-his-upcoming-cult-of-water-show/">interview with David in Folkhorrorrevival.</a></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAJ45KZ8tLmj2i4WHAwq_So_govQuI62YcXwL95emXYlQ7YGI1l4OwYoRpyx2E3gyYzHQC8b2Vk2pau6mrAwVSz4RgFR1b2GL7sLmQhjRdDY1mHrYMJd5pyiGGj47HX7bl9mBa9KS7uUY/s842/Vulcan.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="842" data-original-width="649" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAJ45KZ8tLmj2i4WHAwq_So_govQuI62YcXwL95emXYlQ7YGI1l4OwYoRpyx2E3gyYzHQC8b2Vk2pau6mrAwVSz4RgFR1b2GL7sLmQhjRdDY1mHrYMJd5pyiGGj47HX7bl9mBa9KS7uUY/s320/Vulcan.png" width="247" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Vulcan on Sheffield Town Hall</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p>In 2017, David made a radio programme, <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08k4jyh"><i>Danu – Dead flows the Don</i></a>, for the Radio 3 series <i>Between the Ears</i>. It included his compositions and the sounds of the river recorded with hydrophones. There were interviews with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a>, discussing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydromancy" title="Hydromancy">hydromancy</a>; John Heaps, a Sheffield steelworker recalling throwing cyanide into the river in the 1970s; and the Sheffield folklorist David Clarke quoting a sinister rhyme about the River Don:</p><p><b>'The shelving, slimy river Dun <br />Each year a daughter or a son.'</b></p><p>I recommend <a href="https://drdavidclarke.co.uk/2017/03/30/dead-flows-the-don/">David Clarke's article, 'Dead Flows the Don', which is online here</a>.</p><p>The programe also featured a Sheffield witch, Anwen, who runs a shop called <a href="https://www.airyfairy.org/">Airy Fairy</a>. She tells David to travel to the source of the Don, to make amends to the river goddess, Danu.<br /></p><p>In 2018, David expanded the material from the radio programme to make a stage show, <i>The Cult of Water,</i> which he performed by <a href="https://www.facebook.com/brightonfestival/videos/10156354036834257">candlelight for the Brighton Festival</a>. Using film and sound recordings, he took the audience on a psychogeographical journey, back in time, up the river to its source. </p><p>You can now get the text as a booklet, illlustrated by Pete Fowler, published by Rough Trade Books and the <a href="https://museumofwitchcraftandmagic.co.uk/shop/booklet-the-cult-of-water/">Museum of Witchcraft</a>.<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1PS9g-1kMb09cNPFmZ_u9FBQEJK5k3Mq-tQX7WgXzlPmqxRnn-yS7JnMukLdmPzL8-AxSB0sA53RPbXKnuUJiT9QbMuPYmyMOp-U0GSFlhS__PtjLWzle8D2lqM-k-pMMXsZSdJU9SdE/s1210/IMG_9514.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1210" data-original-width="1210" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1PS9g-1kMb09cNPFmZ_u9FBQEJK5k3Mq-tQX7WgXzlPmqxRnn-yS7JnMukLdmPzL8-AxSB0sA53RPbXKnuUJiT9QbMuPYmyMOp-U0GSFlhS__PtjLWzle8D2lqM-k-pMMXsZSdJU9SdE/s320/IMG_9514.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p><br /> <b>'Can Bramwell face his demons and unravel the symbolic mysteries of our ancient ancestors? Who is the mysterious Vulcan? And will there be a pie and a pint waiting for him at the end of it all?'</b></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><b>DUBLIN AND ANNA LIFFEY <br /></b></h4><p>Watching David's show in 2018, I was struck by the parallels between David's story and<i> Finnegans Wake</i>. Joyce's main characters are a male city, Dublin, married to a female river, Anna Liffey. The main difference is that in <i>Finnegans Wake</i>, the two elements are balanced. The river and the city each have their say in the book. Anna Livia speaks at the very end, from pages 615-628, and we move from the river at the end back to the city in the opening.<br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9wYKEdgkG0Nb27PGr2yZlw5vjOhf4Lh6maFEN8xlhLrh7ocEew1K5MCx1mQ1DVZMALFGV0ZhPIR5DMI-8GFgpVnMnQRLHrnUEv3asRDMzdvv3zUziZseQubRvZ-1csHJex-4heX8uku0/s2048/DSC_3001.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1589" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9wYKEdgkG0Nb27PGr2yZlw5vjOhf4Lh6maFEN8xlhLrh7ocEew1K5MCx1mQ1DVZMALFGV0ZhPIR5DMI-8GFgpVnMnQRLHrnUEv3asRDMzdvv3zUziZseQubRvZ-1csHJex-4heX8uku0/s320/DSC_3001.jpeg" width="248" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Anna Liffey on the Custom House</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />In one of the book's greatest sections, <i>Haveth Childers Everywhere</i> (532-554), HCE as Dublin describes how he 'waged love' on the river (547.07), leading her from Leixlip, and casting bridges over her to adorn her.<br /><br /><b>'I cast my tenspan joys on her, arsched overtupped, from bank of call to echobank'</b> 547.29<br /><br />There were ten bridges over the Liffey when Joyce was writing. There are now twenty-one I think.<p><b>'...and I gave until my lilienyounger turkeythighs soft goods and hardware (catalogue, passim) and fine ladderproof hosiery lines (see stockingers' raiment) and cocquette coiffs (see Agnes' hats) and pennigsworths of the best of taste of knaggy jets and silvered waterroses and geegaws of my pretty novelties and wispywaspy frocks, trancepearances of redferns and lauralworths' </b> 548.18<br /><br /> Even the city's <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2019/01/the-frothy-freshener-james-joyces.html">brewing of Guinness</a> is an act of love for the river: </p><p><b>'I brewed for my alpine plurabelle, wigwarming wench, (speakeasy!) my granvilled brandold Dublin lindub, the free, the froh, the frothy freshener, puss, puss, pussyfoot, to split the spleen of her maw' </b>553.25</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi29gD6XkN1R-YX_xF_gu1XlwuxFxFVNUa0EgICiB3sjJyuxXJsCMo6-7WgE4IhrpxtcF1OUY8Qbm41S7NWlZV4mZXHMPZaR97Yn4q8O9AJlokZ9u2g5fEYkWMDKElhMohgBRx0IRQADU/s427/md30355340593.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="300" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi29gD6XkN1R-YX_xF_gu1XlwuxFxFVNUa0EgICiB3sjJyuxXJsCMo6-7WgE4IhrpxtcF1OUY8Qbm41S7NWlZV4mZXHMPZaR97Yn4q8O9AJlokZ9u2g5fEYkWMDKElhMohgBRx0IRQADU/w281-h400/md30355340593.jpg" width="281" /></a></div><p></p><p>Joyce could write this lovesong because Dublin, unlike Sheffield, never had heavy industry. His favourite whiskey was Jameson's, which he believed tasted of the River Liffey. He told Gilbert Seldes, '<b>All
Irish whiskeys use the water of the Liffey; all but one filter it, but
John Jameson uses it mud and all. That gives it its special quality.' </b>Joyce
sent Seldes an Easter present of a bottle of Jamesons with a card
inscribed, <b>'James Joyce presents Anna Livia's fireheaded son.' </b>(Ellmann 592)</p><p>Imagine <i>Haveth Childers Everywhere</i> rewritten as the voice of industrial Sheffield/Vulcan describing his relationship with the Don!</p><p></p><p><b>'Choked by the coal industry at Mesborough, polluted from the heavy steelworks of Rotherham and Sheffield, the Don is diverted to soothe Vulcan's hellish heat.'</b> <i> </i></p><p><i>The Cult of Water <br /></i></p><p>After I told David about HCE and ALP, he wrote a new Wake section for the show, which follows his arrival at the river's source.</p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIkh64UQtkWIodyG-JEbhaOj5ikf0WOf8_CRsIZ_uaqltuZNvyNfudFJPGEeWaJEvpkO1APp9M34EqUqAyf_oHfpTGfig9y1ucr2DqNqv-TXBcaDtfZSgm1z-_X-R173yURmGxwz-cn7U/s2048/DSC_7350.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1630" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIkh64UQtkWIodyG-JEbhaOj5ikf0WOf8_CRsIZ_uaqltuZNvyNfudFJPGEeWaJEvpkO1APp9M34EqUqAyf_oHfpTGfig9y1ucr2DqNqv-TXBcaDtfZSgm1z-_X-R173yURmGxwz-cn7U/w319-h400/DSC_7350.jpeg" width="319" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p>In 2019, David toured <i>The Cult of Water</i>, taking it to Doncaster, Sheffield, Liverpool, London and various festivals. Each performance ended with
a Q&A focusing on the stories and history of the local river. So,
in Brighton, he talked about our lost river, the <a href="https://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/topics/naturalworld/water-sources/water-sources">Wellesbourne</a>. In Liverpool, he was joined by the poet <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_Rees" title="Eleanor Rees">Eleanor Rees</a> talking about the folklore surrounding the River Mersey<sup>.</sup> In London, the folklorist Chris Roberts talked about the capital's lost rivers. </p><p>He should take the show to Dublin and have a Q&A on the Liffey!</p><p>David has a new Guardian article on <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2021/oct/27/do-the-don-walking-the-rewilded-river-from-doncaster-to-sheffield">walking the Don, which you can read here</a>: 'The post-industrial river, called South Yorkshire’s answer to Apocalypse
Now by Jarvis Cocker in the 1970s, today boasts great trails and clean
waters.'</p><p></p><h4 style="text-align: left;">FROM SWERVE OF SHORE TO BEND OF BAY</h4><h4 style="text-align: left;"><br /></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The <i>Cult of Water</i> has now had yet another incarnation, as a 2021 album of David's music and songs based on the show. This also marks the twentieth anniversary of his band, <a href="https://oddfellowscasino.com/">Oddfellow's Casino.</a></span></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Here's <a href="https://oddfellowscasino.bandcamp.com/track/from-swerve-of-shore-to-bend-of-bay-2">'From Swerve of Shore to Bend of Bay', from The Cult of Water</a>, opening with the voice of Alan Moore. </span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></h4><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/5N81NHhOSQU" width="480"></iframe></p><p></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-28525005168901363542021-08-25T17:15:00.027+01:002022-07-10T12:07:02.602+01:00Finn's Hotel<p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNfq9OM8MBXn7X9amtxuCqilADQMsOLi4ZZNtsdRLMq3rFtG6-rAoJfvsbJw2vZxmenK-VGJ1cs8CotuyjzOhrGKO3eUi1nRgmvDzP89RIKhqmgjxXA0SxYB4yoQiFUUODB4I4v7bK5Rc/s2048/DSC_0086.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1465" data-original-width="2048" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNfq9OM8MBXn7X9amtxuCqilADQMsOLi4ZZNtsdRLMq3rFtG6-rAoJfvsbJw2vZxmenK-VGJ1cs8CotuyjzOhrGKO3eUi1nRgmvDzP89RIKhqmgjxXA0SxYB4yoQiFUUODB4I4v7bK5Rc/w400-h286/DSC_0086.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">I took this photo when visiting Sweny's in 2013</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br />This is the beginning of South Leinster Street, Dublin. It's a terrace that forms the south wall of Trinity College, and is just over the road from Sweny the chemist. High up on the redbrick wall, you can see a ghost sign 'Finn's Hotel'. </p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiNuS_23OZllieF9VUIsKjGQHuzvrrTo03xOgGDuWQlpCS-vKCj7s49WIZVPsc46-5F8lj2Ej6ZxWCOwkOT8k0a4D7r3Bb69KKCl783ZOKFo2_Bz2L_7KZmSUChg62Ps03L0mhdWoVjmM/s279/Screenshot+2021-08-27+at+10.16.40.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="184" data-original-width="279" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiNuS_23OZllieF9VUIsKjGQHuzvrrTo03xOgGDuWQlpCS-vKCj7s49WIZVPsc46-5F8lj2Ej6ZxWCOwkOT8k0a4D7r3Bb69KKCl783ZOKFo2_Bz2L_7KZmSUChg62Ps03L0mhdWoVjmM/w320-h211/Screenshot+2021-08-27+at+10.16.40.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Thom's Dublin Directory 1904</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p>Nora Barnacle was working as a maid here in the summer of 1904, when she first met James Joyce and walked out with him to Ringsend, probably on 16 June.</p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO0NCNVMdaGTJGkHquSYGhSyVmdCB0HpPWhgA7sNqCkbAdJeaNaSBNQRDeBs8ETvG0OeVqbzCW7njj25-zSlLoAYI-f_5auao9d4K4KybrVwITALA_UI3w0Xv4EvaahMVZrJ1mdNfY7qE/s940/Screenshot+2021-08-26+at+16.52.47.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="472" data-original-width="940" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO0NCNVMdaGTJGkHquSYGhSyVmdCB0HpPWhgA7sNqCkbAdJeaNaSBNQRDeBs8ETvG0OeVqbzCW7njj25-zSlLoAYI-f_5auao9d4K4KybrVwITALA_UI3w0Xv4EvaahMVZrJ1mdNfY7qE/w400-h201/Screenshot+2021-08-26+at+16.52.47.png" width="400" /></a> </p><p>Today, the Lincoln's Inn pub, down the road at 19 Lincoln Place, has a sign on its glass door: <b>'This was the original front door of Finn’s Hotel – Nora Barnacle worked here in June 1904.' </b> The pub now offers Joyce's Stout ('don't worry, folks - this dry Irish
stout is far from being as complex as its name sake'), Bloomsday Lager
and Nora's Red Ale, all made by the Wilting Quill brewery of Lexington Kentucky. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGS1mTvCDfZ8xELfo6Hwpu6h0tqHT9GgYqTTdkYirUGz9sAjNj9q5ZJTyxwJN_SqDd54BAiDR5LdIEl3j8kFPm8P3wQEs3o2ZJdrPmGzXyDXSUlmOIVeI3PFxVPinOj83Q-vbKAlbCYAk/s757/Screenshot+2021-08-26+at+16.54.06.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="388" data-original-width="757" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGS1mTvCDfZ8xELfo6Hwpu6h0tqHT9GgYqTTdkYirUGz9sAjNj9q5ZJTyxwJN_SqDd54BAiDR5LdIEl3j8kFPm8P3wQEs3o2ZJdrPmGzXyDXSUlmOIVeI3PFxVPinOj83Q-vbKAlbCYAk/w400-h205/Screenshot+2021-08-26+at+16.54.06.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/thelincolnsinn/photos/1663864370358412">Lincoln's Inn facebook page</a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Thom's Dublin Directory shows that 19 Lincoln Place was Michael Fanning's pub in 1904.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLcji5Nz8ixBoIb_ivwxdtEPgV-ztKitVn48Me7hkzR4s0_E_Fj5g4n6ye9-k06tUOmJwkt8GveaulL-WyzvUlUwyLinHQ9APkH4JwG7MDodNlI68bAVxYhlDqtkNxD4rj_HDw2zHM0aMayBEVf4zZwfmcN1RiAFeRUy-52i2WLWhh0c_OMktx0TM/s357/Screenshot%202022-07-06%20at%2012.59.14.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="157" data-original-width="357" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLcji5Nz8ixBoIb_ivwxdtEPgV-ztKitVn48Me7hkzR4s0_E_Fj5g4n6ye9-k06tUOmJwkt8GveaulL-WyzvUlUwyLinHQ9APkH4JwG7MDodNlI68bAVxYhlDqtkNxD4rj_HDw2zHM0aMayBEVf4zZwfmcN1RiAFeRUy-52i2WLWhh0c_OMktx0TM/s320/Screenshot%202022-07-06%20at%2012.59.14.png" width="320" /></a></div><p>Even if this wasn't Finn's Hotel, it's nice to see it commemorated here.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4ivQVoc1ssubcZncHdpBlMPFDkB6p6Rzv1gih43zVZaVVWeVIgZBE5MtN0exM6Vqr7BL-R-p8QdnLzHExfu_aBQZ64mw20B0AYeazpPH2JzSTxjQfb6Pr6ljL17LAPWHxo-pcKGpPkQo/s524/Screenshot+2021-08-26+at+16.51.42.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="370" data-original-width="524" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4ivQVoc1ssubcZncHdpBlMPFDkB6p6Rzv1gih43zVZaVVWeVIgZBE5MtN0exM6Vqr7BL-R-p8QdnLzHExfu_aBQZ64mw20B0AYeazpPH2JzSTxjQfb6Pr6ljL17LAPWHxo-pcKGpPkQo/s320/Screenshot+2021-08-26+at+16.51.42.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><h4 style="text-align: left;">'A STRANGE HOUSE': RETURN TO FINN'S HOTEL 1909<br /></h4><p>In 1909, Joyce returned to Dublin to open the first Irish cinema, the Volta Electric Theatre on Mary Street. He was accompanied by four Italian business partners, Nicolo Vidacovich, Antonio Machnich, Giuseppe Caris and Giovanni Rebez. </p><p>Joyce booked the Italians rooms in Finn's Hotel, probably because it was cheap and central. It also gave him the opportunity to visit the hotel and see the room where Nora had slept.<br /></p><p><b> 'Today I went to the hotel where she lived when I first met her. I halted in the dingy doorway before going in I was so excited. I have not told them my name but I have an impression that they know who I am. Tonight I was sitting at the table in the dining-room at the end of the hall with two Italians at dinner. I ate nothing. A pale-faced girl waited at table, perhaps her successor. The place is very Irish. I have lived so long abroad and in so many countries that I can feel at once the voice of Ireland in anything. The disorder of the table was Irish, the wonder on the faces also, the curious-looking eyes of the woman herself and her waitress....A strange land, a strange house, strange eyes and the shadow of a strange strange girl standing silently by the fire, or gazing out of the window across the misty College park. What mysterious beauty clothes every place where she has lived!'</b><br /><br />To Nora, 19 November 1909, <i>Selected Letters</i>, p178</p><p><b>'The Four Italians have left Finn's Hotel and live now over the show. I paid about £20 to your late mistress, returning good for evil. Before I left the hotel I told the waitress who I was and asked her to let me see the room where you slept in. She took me upstairs and took me to it. You can imagine my excited appearnce and manner. I saw my love's room, her bed, the four little walls within which she dreamed of my eyes and voice, the little curtains she pulled aside in the morning to look out over the grey sky of Dublin, the poor modest silly little things on the walls over which her glance travelled while she undressed her fair young body at night.'</b></p><p>To Nora, 11 December 1909, <i>Selected Letters</i>, p187</p><p>In 1912, Nora visisted Ireland, and stayed in Finn's Hotel where<b> 'in contrast to her husband's lachrymose visits to the shrine she experienced a small triumph at being guest instead of chambermaid.'</b> (Ellmann, JJ, p323)</p><p></p><p> </p><h4 style="text-align: left;">FINN'S HOTEL IN FINNEGANS WAKE<br /></h4><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkZ0aCjMgAXYQOU4MyVHWGjNULxA65tFeQqe8Y3nnFNStPA_ae5Z5RQIp7XznIjky476Zrtcm0Eh1wVZFVJQ7_vV_t45VyJgrMCxOFv40zxN-leOLj1YQDQE_fgdd79RBwu2h9NBvW3v0/s808/FWC.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="808" data-original-width="582" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkZ0aCjMgAXYQOU4MyVHWGjNULxA65tFeQqe8Y3nnFNStPA_ae5Z5RQIp7XznIjky476Zrtcm0Eh1wVZFVJQ7_vV_t45VyJgrMCxOFv40zxN-leOLj1YQDQE_fgdd79RBwu2h9NBvW3v0/w288-h400/FWC.png" width="288" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">This is the cover of the Spring 1989 issue of <i>A Finnegans Wake Circular</i>, which contains 'The Name of the Book', </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">a brilliant piece of detective work from Danis Rose and John O'Hanlon</span></span></span>. You can download the whole run of the FWC from Ian Gunn's magnificent <a href="http://www.riverrun.org.uk/joycetools.html">Joycetools page</a>, set up in honour of <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2016/11/clive-hart.html">Clive Hart</a>.<br /></span></span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Rose and O'Hanlon present conclusive evidence that <i>Finnegans Wake </i>was originally titled <i>Finn's Hotel</i>.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Joyce told his official biographer, Herbert Gorman, that he came up with the book's title at the very beginning of the project, in Nice in October 1922:</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>'Joyce, full to bursting with his new project, did not actually begin to put down notes and stray phases for the work until the autumn when he was enjoying the warm skies and Mediterranean sunsets at Nice. It is interesting to note that he had the title for the book in mind at this time and confided it to his wife. She a miracle among women, kept the title to herself for seventeen years although many a sly and curious friend attempted to trap her into revealing it.'</b></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Herbert Gorman,<i> James Joyce</i>, 1941, p333</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Sharing this secret with Nora would be a romantic gesture if the book was named after the hotel. Imagine her indifferent reaction to being told he was writing a book called <i>Finnegans Wake</i>!<br /></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Rose and O'Hanlon imagine the scene.<br /></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">
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<div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><b>'When Joyce had thought of the book's title to be, he said to Nora: Nora, the name of this new book of mine - are you ready? - is Finn's Hotel. But this is to be strictly between the two of us. You are not to breathe a word of it to a sinner. Can you promise me that, a cuishla' </b></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Rose and O'Hanlon's evidence for this comes from Joyce's notebooks, his letters to Harriet Shaw Weaver, and the text of <i>Finnegans Wake </i>itself.</span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">In Joyce's notebook VI.B.25, written in Bognor Regis, in 1923, we first find the name of the hotel.</span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">
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<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><b>'Finn's Hotel.' </b>VI.B.25, 81<br /><b>'Finn's Hotel I House that Finn Built' </b>VI.B.25.82<br /><b>'Finn's Hotel I ... /they rifle wardrobes' </b>VI.B.25. 82</div><div class="column"> </div><div class="column">In later notebooks from 1923-4, the name of the hotel appears several times, often as initials. F.H. can now become any public building.</div> <br /><b>'all tongues in F.H./ tower of babel' </b>VI.B.6.102</div><div class="layoutArea"><b>'parl in FH' </b>VI.B.2.42<br /><b>'FH W[omen] talk from various stages (the centuries) children play in the courtyard. It becomes barracks, hospital, museum.' </b>VI.B.2 2f <br /><b>'Flying House (FH)' </b>VI.B.2.94<span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="layoutArea"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>'Kitty O'Shea=FH'</b> VI.B.20.48 </span></span></span> </span></span></span> </div><div class="layoutArea"><br /></div><div class="layoutArea"><br /></div></div></div></div><span style="font-size: small;">In February 1924, Joyce came up with a square sign, which he now used to stand for a public building instead of F.H.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"> Here are some typical uses, from Roland McHugh's <i>Sigla of Finnegans Wake</i>.</span></span></span><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj64AXLilDs8ezwzmW4IRoUmygNVmTTu5livKTq1KfuNnIyQVML91ENFDHYoY1ZUm5MVScC0O6xhSVq8n8g9X533N8L7RNJS6M6DB4k1ZVOAsUFlCcYwEu0ayl6KmQAs0Z21e_B7fLWsdU/s1283/sigla+2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="570" data-original-width="1283" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj64AXLilDs8ezwzmW4IRoUmygNVmTTu5livKTq1KfuNnIyQVML91ENFDHYoY1ZUm5MVScC0O6xhSVq8n8g9X533N8L7RNJS6M6DB4k1ZVOAsUFlCcYwEu0ayl6KmQAs0Z21e_B7fLWsdU/w400-h178/sigla+2.png" width="400" /></a></div> </span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">The key evidence that the name of the hotel was also the book's title comes from Joyce's letter of 24 March 1924 to Harriet Shaw Weaver explaining his sigla system.</span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheApKZlvosHtIQUYc70D-zN9yxYdrw3OFPI7sZKeBjCs8Ih8WSpK1KC_-HxggiWM9wtcdMHBzoPdT8YXK37bCdFSEU9kIwHCYMGHbxbhsk5pVTutOSnJVY_DZPSOUWt93L5TGUblpxJAk/s490/sigla.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="301" data-original-width="490" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheApKZlvosHtIQUYc70D-zN9yxYdrw3OFPI7sZKeBjCs8Ih8WSpK1KC_-HxggiWM9wtcdMHBzoPdT8YXK37bCdFSEU9kIwHCYMGHbxbhsk5pVTutOSnJVY_DZPSOUWt93L5TGUblpxJAk/w400-h246/sigla.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">A GUESSING GAME WITH MISS WEAVER<br /></span></span></span></h4></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">According to Ellmann, when Joyce met Weaver in London in April 1927, he '</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">suggested
that she try to guess the title of the book.' (Ellmann 597). This was part of his campaign to involve her in his book, which she disapproved of.<br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span> </span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Two notebook entries refer to a competition to guess the name of the house/title. </span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBybftJQPcMlJzycv2yNfW77FnEGjO4w6NkHQi4JXisLt0iAkkdwv_YvrVeEGgNCnCQ0dL-X3QlihntEvBscViP6iU5QJfz4txrTgFpx7SUZqAIj16eiWsh7vlEH4SO9qXCPPWglGf89w/s796/sigla+title.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="294" data-original-width="796" height="118" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBybftJQPcMlJzycv2yNfW77FnEGjO4w6NkHQi4JXisLt0iAkkdwv_YvrVeEGgNCnCQ0dL-X3QlihntEvBscViP6iU5QJfz4txrTgFpx7SUZqAIj16eiWsh7vlEH4SO9qXCPPWglGf89w/s320/sigla+title.png" width="320" /></a></div></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jane Lidderdale and Mary Nicholson, HSW's biogaphers, and Ellmann describe the guessing game
that followed, selectively quoting the letters. They leave out some key evidence, in the mistaken
belief that the book's title was always <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. <br /></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Here's
the whole guessing game, from <a href="https://www.jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/FF/fbiog/fwlett.htm">the letters section of the Digital Archive </a>(which includes unpublished letters from the Weaver papers in the British Library). The square siglum
is represented by []: </span></span><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></b></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkP1bYCtU1E67gXmQZ8ikGO6pJgO8kk17ZQUR5nMypRBOzRC0282vSVD8ao6TO_OfrcQ9WutSXU1mvVXDmjDsS_yhGKyBDQXFoqvvBflSM2dpvzvUxo4oZh5kmgIIfSewsiMXNq4O7Ym8/s586/Screen+Shot+2021-08-25+at+17.48.48.png" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="586" data-original-width="443" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkP1bYCtU1E67gXmQZ8ikGO6pJgO8kk17ZQUR5nMypRBOzRC0282vSVD8ao6TO_OfrcQ9WutSXU1mvVXDmjDsS_yhGKyBDQXFoqvvBflSM2dpvzvUxo4oZh5kmgIIfSewsiMXNq4O7Ym8/w151-h200/Screen+Shot+2021-08-25+at+17.48.48.png" width="151" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">HSW by Man Ray</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></b></span></span></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>16 April 1927. </b>JJ:<b> </b><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>‘I think I have done what I wanted to do. I am glad you like my punctuality as </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>an engine driver. I have
taken this up because I am really one of the great engineers, if not the
greatest, in the world besides being a musicmaker, philosophist and
heaps of other things. All the engines I know are wrong. Simplicity. I
am making an engine with only one wheel. No spokes of course. The wheel
is a perfect square. You see what I am driving at, don’t you? I am
awfully solemn about it, mind you, so you must not think it is a silly
story about the mouse and the grapes. It’s a wheel, I tell the world.
And it’s all <i>square</i>.’ </b></span></span></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b> </b></span></span><br /></span></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">16 April 1927. HSW: </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">'A Wheeling Square...Squaring the Wheel.' </span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>28 April 1927. JJ to HSW: 'What name or names would you give []?'</b></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>12 May 1927 JJ to HSW: </b></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><b>'I shall use some of your suggestions about [] of which you have a right idea. </b>The
title is very simple and as commonplace as can be. It is not Kitty
O'Shea as some have suggested, though it is in two words. I want to
think over it more as I propose to make some experiments with it</b><b>
also....My remarks about the engine were not meant as a hint at the
title. I meant that I wanted to take up several other arts and crafts
and teach everybod</b><b>y how to do everything properly, so as to be in the fashion.'</b> </span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i> </i></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(This letter recalls Joyce's note </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>'Kitty O'Shea=FH'</b> VI.B.20.4) </span></span></span><i> </i></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i> </i></span></span><b><br /> 19 May 1927 HSW: 'One Squared'<br /><br />31 May 1927 JJ: 'As
regards the title, ‘one squared’ can be used in the ‘math’ lesson by the
writer of Part II if he, or she, is so ‘dispoged’. The title I
projected is much more commonplace and accords with the J J & S and
A.G.S. & Co sign and it ought to be fairly plain from a reading of
w. The sign in this form means H.C.E. interred in the landscape.'<br /><br />13 June 1927 HSW: 'Dublin Ale'</b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /><b>23 June 1927 JJ: 'Your guesses get nearer but [] is the name of a ‘place where’ not a ‘thing which’ or a ‘person who’. </b><br /><br /><b>28 June 1927 HSW: 'Ireland's Eye…Phoenix Park…Dublin Bay'</b><br /><br /><b>10
July 1927 JJ: Ireland's Eye (ey = island in Danish) is an islet off
Howth Head. Phoenix Park is rather close but it is a place not built by
hands — at least not all — whereas [] is.</b><br /><br /><b>26 July 1927 JJ: 'Two
of your guesses were fairly near the last is off the track. The piece I
am hammering at ought to reveal it.'</b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><br />14
August 1927 JJ: 'As to 'Phoenix'. A viceroy who knew no Irish thought
this was the word the Dublin people used and put up a monument of a
phoenix in the park. The Irish was: fionn uisge (pron. finn ishghe
=clear water) from a well of bright water there' </b><div class="column"><b><br /></b></div>
<div class="page" title="Page 53"><div class="section">
</div>
</div>
<b>N.D. August 1927 HSW: 'Finn MacCool'<br /><br />30 August 1927 JJ: 'This
is to … tell you that the first word of your guess is right with an
apostrophe ‘s’ so I suppose you can finish it.'</b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b> </b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b>17 September 1927. HSW: 'Finn's Town, Finn's City'. <br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b> </b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">The key letters are those of 23 June, 10 July and 30 August (the first and third previously unpublished). They reveal that the title of Joyce's book was in two words, 'a place', in Dublin, 'built by hands', whose first word was 'Finn's'. He did not reply to her final two guesses, which were very close.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">The obvious solution is <i>Finn's Hotel</i>.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Here are Rose and O'Hanlon:</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b> </b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b>'Had Miss Weaver known in richer detail the minutiae of Joyce's early life, or had Joyce wished to continue the game, she would perhaps have finally guessed right, with unknown consequences for the title-page of the book that was published nearly twelve years later' </b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b> </b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h4 style="text-align: left;">THE QUIZ CHAPTER</h4></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> </div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Joyce's
game with Harriet Shaw Weaver inspired question 3 in the Quiz chapter,
written in July-August 1927. Here Shem asks Shaun the title/ name of the house. On the manuscript, Joyce drew his square siglum next to
this question, showing that its subject was the title of his book.<b> <br /></b></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhipg-4XVddUxy2ytO1tqVFpu7gQku2vrAMIw7T1A0tymBj11ySV-Ag2H-5I_ttKLweOKs3Y6cmxM3ebM9BIkEqFK-2P4_RxE_-k5xhstbo9pvMumgo-9tR-h-O-pPxLr2YTLWPWgCT0Vc/s45/Screenshot+2021-08-11+at+09.39.39.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="45" data-original-width="45" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhipg-4XVddUxy2ytO1tqVFpu7gQku2vrAMIw7T1A0tymBj11ySV-Ag2H-5I_ttKLweOKs3Y6cmxM3ebM9BIkEqFK-2P4_RxE_-k5xhstbo9pvMumgo-9tR-h-O-pPxLr2YTLWPWgCT0Vc/s16000/Screenshot+2021-08-11+at+09.39.39.png" /></a></div><p></p><p><b>3. Which title is the true-to-type motto-in-lieu for that Tick for Teac thatchment painted witt wheth one darkness, where asnake is under clover and birds aprowl are in the rookeries and a magda went to monkishouse and a riverpaard was spotted, which is not Whichcroft Whorort not Ousterholm Dreyschluss not Haraldsby, grocer, not Vatandcan, vintner, not Houseboat and Hive not Knox-atta-Belle not O’Faynix Coalprince not Wohn Squarr Roomyeck not Ebblawn Downes not Le Decer Mieux not Benjamin’s Lea not Tholomew’s Whaddingtun gnot Antwarp gnat Musca not Corry’s not Weir’s not the Arch not The Smug not The Dotch House not The Uval nothing Grand nothing Splendid (Grahot or Spletel) nayther Erat Est Erit noor Non michi sed luciphro? </b></p><p><b>Answer: Thine obesity, O civilian, hits the felicitude of our orb! </b>139.28-140.07<b><br /></b></p><p>Shaun gets the answer wrong, mistakenly believing that he's been asked for the Dublin motto rather than a title. The introduction to the chapter alerts us to his mistaking a name for a motto:<br /></p><p><b>'He misunderstruck and aim for am ollo of number three of them.' </b>126.08<b><br /></b></p><p>Shaun couldn't have given a right answer without giving away the title of the book, which Joyce still wanted to keep secret in 1927, when the chapter was published in <i>transition</i>.</p><p>This question, with its list of wrong answers which are places,
businesses, pubs and hotels, only makes sense if the right answer is a place/business/pub/hotel<i>.</i> The correct answer to this question must be <i>Finn's Hotel</i>.</p><p>With 'Wohn Squarr Roomyeck' Joyce has included one of Miss Weaver's guesses, 'one squared', combined with his 1925-1931 Paris address, 2 Square Robiac. Other wrong answers are real places where the Joyces stayed, such as Antwerp.</p><p><b>'Antwerp I renamed Gnantwerp, for I was devoured there by mosquitoes.'</b> To HSW 24.9.26.</p><p><b>'Grand nothing Splendid (Grahot or Spletel)'</b></p><p>Joyce stayed at the Grand Hotel in Antwerp from 17-20 September 1926, when he was bitten by the mosquitoes. <b> </b></p><p>After retitling his book, Joyce could have rewritten the question, to include song titles<b> ('which is not <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2014/12/miss-hooligans-christmas-cake.html">Miss Hooligan's Christmas Cake,</a> not <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2018/04/when-mccarthy-took-flure-at-enniscorthy.html">Enniscorthy,</a> not Phil the Fluter's Ball...')</b>. But he left his text as a palimpsest, revealing earlier versions of his plan.<b><br /></b></p><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">The cover of Rose and O'Hanlon's article quotes page 514, where the title is concealed and revealed.<br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> </div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5m5DIxA9RYq_CFCx_sTSrZIZJTGGeSMGY95zCEZBpl7qGg9ivJ4vxUfF3FphQRQPgNhMsf622mZlh96l7qZTmD00rHLj-cmJHgXiqXS5kPvAg_kggXt7L-vXT_plzsGfOqIgJDBhMpV0/s654/Screenshot+2021-08-17+at+11.53.14.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="83" data-original-width="654" height="82" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5m5DIxA9RYq_CFCx_sTSrZIZJTGGeSMGY95zCEZBpl7qGg9ivJ4vxUfF3FphQRQPgNhMsf622mZlh96l7qZTmD00rHLj-cmJHgXiqXS5kPvAg_kggXt7L-vXT_plzsGfOqIgJDBhMpV0/w640-h82/Screenshot+2021-08-17+at+11.53.14.png" width="640" /></a></div> </div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><i>Finn's Hotel </i>was a great title for Joyce's book, since it combines the name of a mythical Irish giant with a modern Dublin 'very Irish' hotel. It suits a book in which the last high king of Ireland appears as a publican, Tristan as a football hero, and Iseult as a film star flapper. Like the square siglum, it serves as a container, where any material could be placed.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h4>WHEN DID JOYCE CHANGE THE TITLE?</h4></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> </div><p>The big mystery is when and why Joyce changed the title to <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. And how did Nora react when he told her that his book's title no longer commemorated their courtship? </p><p>When I posted this on twitter, <a href="https://twitter.com/sbslote/status/1430601539715010564/photo/1">Sam Slote shared an intriguing note</a> made by Joyce in<span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"> mid–late 1926.<br /></span></p><p><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><b>'name K.O./ w of b of J’s f’s w / describe — f'. </b> VI.B.15.99<br /></span></p><p><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">Sam says, 'The 'w of b' is not clear, but J's f's w = Joyce's Finnegan's Wake (with apostrophe)'</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXyJpb-2VDzr0CQbuAW5sXjNgkVMw7Yptk6wVc32hhJrbtLdecnSrIHQMeXNM2eJlhBEfvdWyAiRUVWId-oZEfs4olJCsXrMaPNmjUpbk_rBjb1h6-Pld8S2-x6WhnYI2TdsGeU-6k2xU/s1422/Screenshot+2021-08-26+at+12.28.12.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="1422" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXyJpb-2VDzr0CQbuAW5sXjNgkVMw7Yptk6wVc32hhJrbtLdecnSrIHQMeXNM2eJlhBEfvdWyAiRUVWId-oZEfs4olJCsXrMaPNmjUpbk_rBjb1h6-Pld8S2-x6WhnYI2TdsGeU-6k2xU/w400-h160/Screenshot+2021-08-26+at+12.28.12.png" width="400" /></a></div><p>Late 1926 was the very time that Joyce introduced the song into his book, <a href="https://www.jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/a/a1a0d.htm">in the opening chapter</a>.</p><p>But if he was thinking of using <i>Finnegan's Wake</i> as a title in 1926, he had changed his mind by 1927, when he had his guessing game with Harriet Shaw Weaver and wrote the Quiz chapter.<br /></p><p>Rose and O'Hanlon argue that the earliest dateable reference to the song as title is from 1937:<br /></p><p><b> 'It was in the Summer of [1937] at a time when he was revising the galleys of Part III, that we find the earliest (to date) datable - and yet not entirely undebatable - reference to Finnegans Wake qua title. On galley 199,17 just before ".i .. ' . . o .. l", Joyce added the phrase: "Name or redress him and we'll call it a night!", the second part of which he derived from page 2 of notebook VI.B.44 (which he was compiling around this time). The phrase appears to betoken a signal for a change of a name and/or of an address. (''Finn's Hotel", one should note, is both.) It may be, also, that he had (at least for a moment) intended to change the line that followed - ".i . .'s .o .. l" - for we find on page 45 of that same notebook (VI.B.44),18 after one misformulated and deleted attempt the cryptonym:<br />.i..e.a. ' .. a ..<br />That is "Finnegan's Wake", with its consonants and one vowel out, and the really curious thing about it is that it still retains the apostrophe. The final disapostrophised version can only have come later.'</b><br /></p>Around the same time, in June 1937, Joyce had a long conversation about his book with Jan Parandowski.<p> <b>''Perhaps you have heard that I am writing something...'<br /> 'Work in Progress.'<br /> 'Yes, it doesn't have a title yet. The few fragments which I have published have been enough to convince many critics that I have finally lost my mind, which by the way they have been predicting faithfully for many years.....<br /><br />I saddened at the thought of the exhausting, obstinate toil that Joyce had put into his book, which had no other chance than to be regarded by both his contemporaries and posterity as a genial caprice....His last work seems to me a wrecked ship, incapable of delivering its cargo to anyone....<br /> Such, more or less, was the burden of my silence, from which I could not rouse myself. Joyce was whistling thoughtfully some sort of tune that I did not recognize. I asked, 'What is that you are whistling?'<br /> 'Oh, it's one of those old, old ballads from the music hall; it ends: 'Isn't it the truth I've told you, /Lots of fun at Finnegan's wake.''<br /> He repeated the last verse again. I didn't know at the time that it contained more or less the hidden source and the very title of his curious work. '<span style="font-size: small;"><span face="Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> </span></span></b></p><p></p><p><br />Jan Parandowski, 'Meeting with Joyce', in <i>Portraits of the Artist in Exile</i> (ed Willard Potts), pp 160-2</p><h4 style="text-align: left;">EUGENE JOLAS WINS 1,000 FRANCS<br /></h4><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj11WBffGW1_mb7AIVxRQ5s93lpudL60JkaGZ62uN4SXKcWL1JF2Myu8vj4HJT3feGqNeZU9AdZzVi-AyEYiCuITNTBaLjcDs-bEHPtBg-DPPH2iVIQoi1HvRpi18rQViKJQtPlQwy1HXU/s860/Screen+Shot+2021-08-25+at+16.34.48.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="456" data-original-width="860" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj11WBffGW1_mb7AIVxRQ5s93lpudL60JkaGZ62uN4SXKcWL1JF2Myu8vj4HJT3feGqNeZU9AdZzVi-AyEYiCuITNTBaLjcDs-bEHPtBg-DPPH2iVIQoi1HvRpi18rQViKJQtPlQwy1HXU/w400-h213/Screen+Shot+2021-08-25+at+16.34.48.png" width="400" /></a></div> <p></p><p>Around the same time, Joyce revived his title guessing game, offering a cash prize of 1,000 francs, which was a big sum in the late 30s. The final winner was Eugene Jolas, who later explained how he guessed the title:</p><p><br /><b>'Some six months before <i>Work in Progess</i> was scheduled to apear, there was an amusing incident in connection with its title, then known only to Mr and Mrs Joyce. Often he had challenged his friends to guess it. We all tried: Stuart Gilbert, Herbert Gorman, Samuel Beckett, Paul Léon, and I, but we failed miserably. One summer night, while dining on the terrace of Fouquet's, Joyce repeated his offer. The Riesling was especilally good that night, and we were in high spirits. Mrs Joyce began to sing an Irish song about Mr Flannigan and Mrs Shannigan. Joyce looked startled and urged her to stop. This she did, but when he saw no harm had been done, he very distinctly, as a singer does it, made the lip motions which seemed to indicate F and W. My wife's guess was <i>Fairy's Wake</i>. Joyce looked astonished and said 'Brava! But something is missing.' For a few days we mulled over it. One morning I knew it was <i>Finnegans Wake,</i> although it was only an intuition. That evening I suddenly threw all the words into the air. Joyce blanched. Slowly he set down the wineglass he held. 'Ah, Jolas, you've taken something out of me,' he said, almost sadly. When we parted that night, he embraced me, danced a few of his intricate steps, and asked: 'How would you like to have the money?' I replied: 'In sous'. The following morning, during my absence from home, he arrived with a bag filled with ten-franc pieces. He gave them to my daughters with instructions to serve them to me at lunch. So it was <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. All those present were sternly enjoined not to reveal it, and we kept it a secret until he made the official announcement at his birthday dinner on the following February second.'</b></p><p>Eugene Jolas, 'My Friend James Joyce', in Givens (ed) James Joyce: <i>Two Decades of Criticism</i>, Vanguard, 1948<b>.</b></p><p><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9mtSn-SZ3-LYC9_nS_ulhq-oEQpDxQGmgQKSw9DPQvRvq2_38wq8F_X5-QQ4nMXlWrqu7frAxe92sL1qWSQMkccw-jqRcSGmq82pKIM2PAc46eAYGLdd1yt50BbzMTU7DJnsZKJ0RKEo/s2048/fouquets3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9mtSn-SZ3-LYC9_nS_ulhq-oEQpDxQGmgQKSw9DPQvRvq2_38wq8F_X5-QQ4nMXlWrqu7frAxe92sL1qWSQMkccw-jqRcSGmq82pKIM2PAc46eAYGLdd1yt50BbzMTU7DJnsZKJ0RKEo/w400-h266/fouquets3.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div><b> </b> <p></p><p>Oh to time travel back to the terrace of Fouquet's on that summer night in 1938. I would walk up to Joyce's table and say, 'The title is Finn's Hotel!' What would he have said? How would Nora have reacted?<b> <br /></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1G74CQX1tsNRk1QY30yc_zYtCT2YLVCDJJEs00v8iRzUD4P8QgkW4MQCok8D0BJxKu7xObmJjx3qKewolQ6DBQnuCw08Ok8fqJuXr60oVPOeW9usqASr589JI7vYYvjEsouk0HvqAq-w/s2048/SCAN1245.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1388" data-original-width="2048" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1G74CQX1tsNRk1QY30yc_zYtCT2YLVCDJJEs00v8iRzUD4P8QgkW4MQCok8D0BJxKu7xObmJjx3qKewolQ6DBQnuCw08Ok8fqJuXr60oVPOeW9usqASr589JI7vYYvjEsouk0HvqAq-w/w400-h271/SCAN1245.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p>Harriet Shaw Weaver, who was the source of the money for the cash prize, only found out the name of the book when she saw the proofs for the title page on 4 February 1939.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWXQG6hRvy8e2vhXBwQtWrNDWh-17jjJUyc0XkVghszAyW0RytCWnI2kNqlENAhi5kqbmqKSxZuTASHJVa_G3x6iPYwTUaZVuWmiPXiPtH4jxuNsDjcfegy5cXTR_sPoXtcHIBfg8Q9e9g7HzEHYAd4XBFLll0SWuMcyJXof4oUoh_ra1Phrz2iyw/s2877/pint.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2877" data-original-width="2012" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWXQG6hRvy8e2vhXBwQtWrNDWh-17jjJUyc0XkVghszAyW0RytCWnI2kNqlENAhi5kqbmqKSxZuTASHJVa_G3x6iPYwTUaZVuWmiPXiPtH4jxuNsDjcfegy5cXTR_sPoXtcHIBfg8Q9e9g7HzEHYAd4XBFLll0SWuMcyJXof4oUoh_ra1Phrz2iyw/w280-h400/pint.jpeg" width="280" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A pint of Joyce's stout at the Lincoln's Inn, June 2022</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p><br /></p>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-30778795734133138052021-07-27T12:25:00.022+01:002021-08-04T14:55:26.229+01:00Sylvia Silence, the girl detective
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYtMjAo5Tg-hld1P67KNXCdMBOcgX4ZEDZdGdg7qwRgmDry67HfQcaH6_TdMV3W6md-Vt85FMIBlzwyRhpoGvsR9iTraw_nvYSSVWWGmT1uJZ1qc9h1ZKes1aXGSccvDcwq0ym0yaETsw/s173/Sylvia.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="173" data-original-width="163" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYtMjAo5Tg-hld1P67KNXCdMBOcgX4ZEDZdGdg7qwRgmDry67HfQcaH6_TdMV3W6md-Vt85FMIBlzwyRhpoGvsR9iTraw_nvYSSVWWGmT1uJZ1qc9h1ZKes1aXGSccvDcwq0ym0yaETsw/s320/Sylvia.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sylvia Silence?<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
Shortly after <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2021/07/ida-wombwell-seventeenyearold-revivalist.html">Ida Wombwell, the 17 year old revivalist, describes HCE as 'a brut! But a magnificent brut!',</a> Sylvia Silence, the girl detective, is asked her opinion. </p><p><b>'Sylvia Silence, the girl detective (Meminerva, but by now one hears turtlings all over Doveland!) when supplied with informations as to the several facets of the case in her cozydozy bachelure’s flat, quite overlooking John a’Dream’s mews, leaned back in her really truly easy chair to query restfully through her vowelthreaded syllabelles: Have you evew thought, wepowtew, that sheew gweatness was his twadgedy? Nevewtheless accowding to my considewed attitudes fow this act he should pay the full penalty, pending puwsuance, as pew Subsec. 32, section 11, of the C. L. A. act 1885, anything in this act to the contwawy notwithstanding.'</b> 61.01-11</p><p>Vincent Deane identified Joyce's source for Sylvia as an advertisment for <i>The Schoolgirls' Weekly</i> in <i>The Sunday Express</i> of 29 October 1922. </p><p><b>'No. 2 Just Out […] includes all these tip-top stories:— Eldorado Nell / A thrilling tale of life in the Far West / Sylvia Silence / the girl detective' </b></p><p>It's a shame Eldorado Nell didn't get into <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. <br /></p><p>Since Joyce only saw this advert, he had to imagine what such a girl detective might be like. He compares her to Minerva, goddess of wisdom, and gives her a comic rhotacism (inability to pronounce the letter 'r') which he even applies to r's which aren't pronounced (the 'r' in 'considered' 'per' etc). Sylvia is a consulting detective, like Sherlock Holmes or Nero Wolfe, looking at the 'several facets of the case' in her 'cozodozy bachelure's flat'. Unlike the other members of the public questioned, who give short direct
answers, Sylvia seems to see this as a personal interview with her
celebrity self.</p><p>In <a href="https://jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/c/c10d.htm">the first draft,</a> Joyce gave her an additional moralistic line, which was then cut or lost:</p><p><b>'The ends of justice must not be earwigged.' </b></p><p>Stephen Crowe has made a beautiful illustration of <a href="http://www.wakeinprogress.com/2012/01/page-61-sylvia-silence-girl-detective.html ">Sylvia Silence </a>sitting in her flat, which you can <a href="http://www.wakeinprogress.com/2012/01/page-61-sylvia-silence-girl-detective.html">see here</a>. <br /></p><p>Her voice and name reappear later in the Stories chapter:<br /></p><p>
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<p><b>Imagine twee cweamy wosen. Suppwose you get a beautiful thought and cull them sylvias sub silence.</b> 337.16<span color="rgb(13.725000%, 12.157000%, 12.549000%)" style="font-family: 'AGaramondPro'; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></p>
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<p>We also hear her voice in the séance, still talking with the reporter, channeled by the sleeping Yawn: <br /></p><p>
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<div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><b>—Have you ever weflected, wepowtew, that the evil what though it was willed might nevewtheless lead somehow on to good towawd the genewality? </b>523.02</div>
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<p>THE FIRST SCHOOLGIRL SLEUTH</p><p><i>The Schoolgirls' Weekly</i> was a brand new paper in 1922, with new kinds of stories, mostly written by men, using female pen names. Sylvia Silence was created by John William Bobin, writing as Katherine Greenhalgh. He's described here by Lucy Parker in <i>100 British Crime Writers (</i>edited by Esme MisKimmon, Springer Press, 2020):<i><br /></i></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgePg-Rxs3t-PAjDhV9vM6IJB6pCkORKHFJmIWj7wkEWAI-EVXK2kXBqmKZ26BGXan6FH3Ig5kuj0sR4y06toWtNqY71pEc3meo4TVorO2l0wM4v3iSj0zL_ifzsnyGkkeMWpnJs90Ak18/s558/Screenshot+2021-07-27+at+10.48.00.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="230" data-original-width="558" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgePg-Rxs3t-PAjDhV9vM6IJB6pCkORKHFJmIWj7wkEWAI-EVXK2kXBqmKZ26BGXan6FH3Ig5kuj0sR4y06toWtNqY71pEc3meo4TVorO2l0wM4v3iSj0zL_ifzsnyGkkeMWpnJs90Ak18/w400-h165/Screenshot+2021-07-27+at+10.48.00.png" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTbBUByXSKyO8orkqfmBDiYa_VyScxaQyuKT4TVt-0Y3gqU59TNhXlr0X1vBMqRwRwexCDpxUqMIV-N1J1-roZQ-7EvLLIxsAYg3SHs32qAuGQgw7akQlo8E3wKecsXxpp4otfOYxTDsk/s545/Screenshot+2021-07-27+at+10.48.19.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="545" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTbBUByXSKyO8orkqfmBDiYa_VyScxaQyuKT4TVt-0Y3gqU59TNhXlr0X1vBMqRwRwexCDpxUqMIV-N1J1-roZQ-7EvLLIxsAYg3SHs32qAuGQgw7akQlo8E3wKecsXxpp4otfOYxTDsk/w400-h238/Screenshot+2021-07-27+at+10.48.19.png" width="400" /></a></div><p>I've also found an entry for Sylvia Silence in Russell James's <i>Great British Fictional Detectives</i>, which includes a supposed picture of her.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnOJWmSEsMJNs8pJ7dlRDD4S5cbwxTQeNPKLIWdBQGmE2cATTNY6CVSloym-545vt6c-EUQKDjZ0EYrQFZmfDyidKZ_xOq80cDs302KVZCH5TVGXfA7vGouDotQUFFHFxGAq-i9vTDus4/s656/sylvia+silence.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="656" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnOJWmSEsMJNs8pJ7dlRDD4S5cbwxTQeNPKLIWdBQGmE2cATTNY6CVSloym-545vt6c-EUQKDjZ0EYrQFZmfDyidKZ_xOq80cDs302KVZCH5TVGXfA7vGouDotQUFFHFxGAq-i9vTDus4/w640-h293/sylvia+silence.png" width="640" /></a></div><p>By an extraordinary coincidence I bought this greeting card last week for a friend's birthday. I only looked at it properly after posting this blog. It's the cover of an Angela Brazil novel published in 1920, so the right period but wrong girl. This is Ingerd Saxon not Sylvia Silence.<br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtJIJMZwj5LdXk0jKxxUOJlStsPLMvDgmxFAbSqatvWt7giovilbygTwlizgcfW5TO8wDccLxUd1fqXJKQSR4z-MThX0GYPTErf8k-rBoVhgW6l89HcXxqnJCSwL5tsXC6prU01JVJrKM/s2048/DSC_4712.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1414" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtJIJMZwj5LdXk0jKxxUOJlStsPLMvDgmxFAbSqatvWt7giovilbygTwlizgcfW5TO8wDccLxUd1fqXJKQSR4z-MThX0GYPTErf8k-rBoVhgW6l89HcXxqnJCSwL5tsXC6prU01JVJrKM/s320/DSC_4712.jpeg" /></a></div> <p></p><p>Bobin had created a successful formula, which you can see throughout the run of <i>The Schoolgirls' Weekly</i>. This is from the entry on the <a href="http://www.friardale.co.uk/Schoolgirls%27%20Weekly/Schoolgirls%27%20Weekly.htm">paper on the wonderful Friardale website</a>.<br /></p><p></p><p><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxD3wB6yESouvCc7TiReO_REicH8ElVVoWR47WMo5ecUR1_YCC4hNJyqdwHbectV5iiKH2_ztPj-VwR-8DqXBLiFNIvYn_yOcnOSJ1fmtsDtmyavOOX9SnfzmtFReyDNYUcWSE94nu6qY/s500/Scholgirls+Weekly+602.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="381" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxD3wB6yESouvCc7TiReO_REicH8ElVVoWR47WMo5ecUR1_YCC4hNJyqdwHbectV5iiKH2_ztPj-VwR-8DqXBLiFNIvYn_yOcnOSJ1fmtsDtmyavOOX9SnfzmtFReyDNYUcWSE94nu6qY/s320/Scholgirls+Weekly+602.jpg" /></a></b></div><b>' In January 1933 came "That Amazing Room Of Clocks" written by J.W. Bobin as Adelie Ascott, the first tale of Valerie Drew the 18 year old intrepid girl detective, doting daughter of an ex-Scotland Yard Chief Commissioner. "The Secret Of The Old Clock" written by Mildred Wirt as Carolyn Keene was published in America in 1930 and concerned Nancy Drew the 16 year old intrepid girl detective, whose doting father Carson Drew was a famous criminal lawyer cum detective. In Valerie's adventures over the next 7 years she was ably assisted by Flash, an alsation dog who acted almost human at times, and was more useful than Ned Nickerson was to Nancy. Both Nancy and Valerie were also well seasoned teenage motorists (at 18 Nancy was even a qualified pilot), their common sense and innate decency went almost unbelievably deep. The stories were always concise, entertaining, never heavy or heavy-going, and a charming if often melodramatic window on the world of the 1930's from an allegedly young female point of view. Unlike the Noel Raymond detective series running in the <a href="http://www.friardale.co.uk/Girls%20Crystal/Girls%20Crystal.htm">Girls' Crystal</a> it was nearly always obvious who the guilty party was.'</b><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiORXkvBHdNsGsn0rzliewj8rOJc8jl_Q-n7GxeS1kQc21j0VN_A2BC0vCyqtcd441fP2Ewr7DRg7ssFKXC9wZNVJNXfS8s9tqmkVsSVnkHEPCtmdAcDtlL65rok8HUYOsrRA1Vc4UtjHY/s928/Schoolgirls+Weekly+594.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="928" data-original-width="672" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiORXkvBHdNsGsn0rzliewj8rOJc8jl_Q-n7GxeS1kQc21j0VN_A2BC0vCyqtcd441fP2Ewr7DRg7ssFKXC9wZNVJNXfS8s9tqmkVsSVnkHEPCtmdAcDtlL65rok8HUYOsrRA1Vc4UtjHY/w464-h640/Schoolgirls+Weekly+594.JPG" width="464" /></a></div><br />You can read a complete 1933 <a href="http://www.friardale.co.uk/Schoolgirls%27%20Weekly/Schoolgirls%20Weekly%20557.pdf">Valerie Drew story here.</a><b><br /></b><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjERcrV3Jd_ncQhrXuhqrdm2PUpqkT5xeVmH2QvQ4Glb27LVZXDni2kFUJGmTkgwtBifPiabmp8g45RX-u39BS1kg0LBbBPqv1tNXr_JUKQKF6LcforQ5_Ho8gmgBUJg3jf75QL6E9NMXc/s383/Flash.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="383" data-original-width="378" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjERcrV3Jd_ncQhrXuhqrdm2PUpqkT5xeVmH2QvQ4Glb27LVZXDni2kFUJGmTkgwtBifPiabmp8g45RX-u39BS1kg0LBbBPqv1tNXr_JUKQKF6LcforQ5_Ho8gmgBUJg3jf75QL6E9NMXc/w395-h400/Flash.png" width="395" /></a></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Nancy Drew, the American schoolgirl sleuth, is still solving cases today. </span></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwpsTQXecbVA6_oN6czzewWKR2GLRTfrJU1SfXgb4ADYeF9qyQrpEuyIhugujOS-fRlAfCHsmO5w30P-HHRBOw7K5jKUHuZspkIJdi7xebemIBWZNy0ojuMGMISHZcwgYCwUrbmEFEdVE/s2048/p166032_p_v10_ab.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwpsTQXecbVA6_oN6czzewWKR2GLRTfrJU1SfXgb4ADYeF9qyQrpEuyIhugujOS-fRlAfCHsmO5w30P-HHRBOw7K5jKUHuZspkIJdi7xebemIBWZNy0ojuMGMISHZcwgYCwUrbmEFEdVE/w300-h400/p166032_p_v10_ab.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /> </span><br /></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">SCISSORS AND PASTE MAN</h4><p><b>'I am quite content to go down to posterity as a scissors and paste man' </b><br /> <br /> Joyce to George Antheil, 3 January 1931, <i>Letters</i>, 297</p><p>Going back to the Wake passage, it's fascinating to see how it was assembled from diverse sources, which had nothing to do with schoolgirl magazines. Following the blue hyperlinks in the brilliant <a href="https://jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/c/lexc.htm">Digital Archive,</a> we can read Joyce's notes, taken from newspapers and books:</p><p><b>'Sylvia Silence, the girl detective', 'supplied with this information', 'really truly easychair', 'restfully', 'vowelthreaded', 'J Caesar, greatness his tragedy', 'considered judgement' 'full penalty', 'Sect XI Crim. Law. Amend. Act 1885', 'anything in his act to the contrary notwithstanding' </b><br /></p><p>Most of the sources have not been identified, though one note ('J Caesar, greatness his tragedy') shows Joyce had been reading about Julius Caesar. It would be very hard to track down the source of 'restfully'.</p><p>'Full penalty' is one of the many phrases, identified by Vincent Deane, taken from the <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2013/11/an-english-murder-in-finnegans-wake.html">1922 <i>Daily Sketch</i> article on Bywaters</a>: <br /></p><b>'Petition for Reprieve of Bywaters is Ready To-Day': 'A taxicab driver: Bywaters is a silly young fellow, but he ought not to pay the full penalty' </b><br /><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#">Viviana-Mirela Braslasu </a>discovered that the word 'vowelthreaded' was taken from the opening page of <a href="https://www.jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/FF/fpics/39087012504132introduction.pdf">Marjory Kennedy-Fraser and Kenneth Macleod's <i>Songs of the Hebrides</i>, 1917</a>.<br /><b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvjiyApUAD4wddIPDHo8uBN332WXfsCaut9b40NVbDneuWb769pdqRmVuPXclnHOGdmek_JVXbpd6JEOV3P5v4Vapj_nVnh1GheScDPa4vZK3UNcTIGZmzvo8muCaLP677L6wDVKwfG3A/s797/Screenshot+2021-07-29+at+11.07.36.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="797" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvjiyApUAD4wddIPDHo8uBN332WXfsCaut9b40NVbDneuWb769pdqRmVuPXclnHOGdmek_JVXbpd6JEOV3P5v4Vapj_nVnh1GheScDPa4vZK3UNcTIGZmzvo8muCaLP677L6wDVKwfG3A/w640-h144/Screenshot+2021-07-29+at+11.07.36.png" width="640" /></a><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></div></b><h4 style="text-align: left;">'<b>Subsec. 32, section 11, of the C. L. A. act 1885'</b></h4><p>Oscar Wilde was tried for 'gross indecency' under section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885. There is no subsection 32. Joyce has added that number to create the magical 1132 - the big number/date in <i>Finnegans Wake</i>, which relates to the law of falling bodies ('32 feet per second per second'). Oscar Wilde and HCE are both falling bodies.</p><p>Sam Slote found Joyce's specific source in Frank Harris's book <i>Oscar Wilde His Life and Confessions, </i>1918.<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf9iAem-5j1Q2nhkRod23RRd7gfwsJ1xUPgoLhyphenhyphenP5zaTowRIwouVXB_vZTBVogogQdmn-9ylyezw-er0aWDJE4Uj47vCSs1Hr9ru6ndHsqRnXnCCfVe4pGXsjdB5bgBfQhnWK6ZZP62_Y/s757/Screenshot+2021-07-27+at+11.40.05.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="570" data-original-width="757" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf9iAem-5j1Q2nhkRod23RRd7gfwsJ1xUPgoLhyphenhyphenP5zaTowRIwouVXB_vZTBVogogQdmn-9ylyezw-er0aWDJE4Uj47vCSs1Hr9ru6ndHsqRnXnCCfVe4pGXsjdB5bgBfQhnWK6ZZP62_Y/w640-h482/Screenshot+2021-07-27+at+11.40.05.png" width="640" /></a></div><p> Here is the very section of the act.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiDHZPcNPCVcjUAprmDdal-wZZnK7sdc5psSFgVxzxJ-Nv_AoOlk2cj8LadJ6HXPJcquqYnisBdDAJ4FKf9BY93Hhx4ZfF7U8qkHrIWvdAwLrow2kaFnsKv3YJboeX1DqpVc0ckszMM5Q/s340/Screen+Shot+2021-07-26+at+14.28.12.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="103" data-original-width="340" height="121" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiDHZPcNPCVcjUAprmDdal-wZZnK7sdc5psSFgVxzxJ-Nv_AoOlk2cj8LadJ6HXPJcquqYnisBdDAJ4FKf9BY93Hhx4ZfF7U8qkHrIWvdAwLrow2kaFnsKv3YJboeX1DqpVc0ckszMM5Q/w400-h121/Screen+Shot+2021-07-26+at+14.28.12.png" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p>Oscar Wilde was sentenced to two years with hard labour.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitfceuEoCSyZ9Y_2D2M0F5sKazwL1qZpKuwyStcvuN7aq0DpqOgzW6iPpQuapZ0gNMySWFQQa4E_gwa-tlodsFGm7Z3vAOv5tmcYSWOFaaCOC5BxranXfcIDmDknlISvFIj8TXG8gNhAY/s1001/wildetrial-wl.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="739" data-original-width="1001" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitfceuEoCSyZ9Y_2D2M0F5sKazwL1qZpKuwyStcvuN7aq0DpqOgzW6iPpQuapZ0gNMySWFQQa4E_gwa-tlodsFGm7Z3vAOv5tmcYSWOFaaCOC5BxranXfcIDmDknlISvFIj8TXG8gNhAY/w400-h295/wildetrial-wl.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p>For more on Wilde in the Wake, see my post <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2014/08/oscar-wilde-great-white-caterpillar.html">Oscar Wilde: The Great White Caterpillar.</a></p><p>Often there's a dark undercurrent to the comedy in <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. I think we get that here with the seemingly sweet Sylvia Silence, relaxing in her cozydozy bachelure's flat, demanding the harshest punishment for HCE. </p><p>Discussing the Thompson and Bywaters case with Arthur Power, Joyce talked about the censoriousness of the English: </p><p><b>'Though there is plenty of legal liberty in England...there is not much individual liberty, for in England every man acts as a censor to his neighbour, while here in Paris you have the only real freedom in Europe, where no one gives a damn about what his neighbour thinks or does...But in England everybody is busy about everybody else.'</b></p><p><i>Conversations with James Joyce,</i> p.76<br /></p><p><br /></p><p> <br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-68472731463369815502021-07-24T13:37:00.018+01:002021-07-25T19:14:05.092+01:00Ida Wombwell, the seventeenyearold revivalist<b>'Missioner Ida Wombwell, the seventeenyearold revivalist, said concerning the coincident of interfizzing with grenadines and other respectable and disgusted peersons using the park: That perpendicular person is a brut! But a magnificent brut!' </b>60.22<div><br /></div><div>This passage, written in November 1923, comes from the Plebiscite section, where members of the public are asked their opinion of the guilt or innocence of HCE. Most of the people questioned are taken from a real newspaper plebiscite, published in<a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2013/11/an-english-murder-in-finnegans-wake.html"> the Daily Sketch, on the guilt of Frederick Bywaters, condemned to hang for murder.</a> But Ida Wombwell isn't in that article.</div><div> </div><div>The sentence is based on this note that Joyce wrote in September-November 1923. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Ida Wombwell / 17yr girl revivalist' </b>VI.B.11. <b><br /></b></div><div><br /><div>I've just discovered that, in the early 1920s, there was a real Ida Wombwell - a teenage Methodist preacher from Nottingham. I've been on her trail through the pages of <i>The Primitive Methodist Leader. </i> </div><div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihadSm5sPK_DZvxsgXWJGt43BKKCDVu90laEU_phcf7UkNB_HLTWcvZSJMq8DKG1zHLGcvOetm2gBNeu3AXEqgL6H25n9eIZ2Yw33bzE70e3_WZ_EQu0X-Ni75vLfrhrcPxK9oXSIJMgE/s1459/Screenshot+2021-07-24+at+13.17.30.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="544" data-original-width="1459" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihadSm5sPK_DZvxsgXWJGt43BKKCDVu90laEU_phcf7UkNB_HLTWcvZSJMq8DKG1zHLGcvOetm2gBNeu3AXEqgL6H25n9eIZ2Yw33bzE70e3_WZ_EQu0X-Ni75vLfrhrcPxK9oXSIJMgE/w400-h149/Screenshot+2021-07-24+at+13.17.30.png" width="400" /></a></div></div><div> </div><div>This article is from 17 April 1924.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigjBfTym_DX2bJA3BviYKFtqSWLrk0_1KVVvJiIkDxb0wSfOnY2NUUi2a6qmqx1DvqcJ4lprLSG96h4g5zQF5PiZaEp4SBMHq_P2tU5Cqbh_vkyXa1CwuiEmznCaFcqh8R_fTk-mWlWnQ/s516/Screenshot+2021-07-24+at+13.28.54.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="516" data-original-width="465" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigjBfTym_DX2bJA3BviYKFtqSWLrk0_1KVVvJiIkDxb0wSfOnY2NUUi2a6qmqx1DvqcJ4lprLSG96h4g5zQF5PiZaEp4SBMHq_P2tU5Cqbh_vkyXa1CwuiEmznCaFcqh8R_fTk-mWlWnQ/w360-h400/Screenshot+2021-07-24+at+13.28.54.png" width="360" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div>Here's another article from the same paper, dated 13 November 1924. She is called a 'girl preacher' and a 'missioner' (missionary).<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJkmi5mtYhGV-f0hbNipYrMwBbkOcl_wX-Mz7IicXXWNWJFUj71prOI4UNQetKHcV7XlRfKX_t5JueK75A7Geflvg70r5bdgsPafLeztoAgwXpOghaNHrOmUawayNnq6_RVObfWGtdsco/s535/Ida+1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="535" data-original-width="340" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJkmi5mtYhGV-f0hbNipYrMwBbkOcl_wX-Mz7IicXXWNWJFUj71prOI4UNQetKHcV7XlRfKX_t5JueK75A7Geflvg70r5bdgsPafLeztoAgwXpOghaNHrOmUawayNnq6_RVObfWGtdsco/w254-h400/Ida+1.png" width="254" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKY21L3NLD3_JNZsz4gdBdF3ksZfwJzijY82zyU4KFEXiFTvdSHwNfsbgAYFdGOqGqb4NekhLCQvD1bA-Ph0Pxvtur_XiY8nTL6fSTC2WECR9UQSSR0v03VHmXRyOE9KQ22gTSFXLy55M/s351/Ida+2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="266" data-original-width="351" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKY21L3NLD3_JNZsz4gdBdF3ksZfwJzijY82zyU4KFEXiFTvdSHwNfsbgAYFdGOqGqb4NekhLCQvD1bA-Ph0Pxvtur_XiY8nTL6fSTC2WECR9UQSSR0v03VHmXRyOE9KQ22gTSFXLy55M/s320/Ida+2.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div>A few years later, she was touring Australia, as reported in the <i>Sydney Morning Herald</i> of 24 May 1929.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLEoNcTja48wzPafT1Nm0sFMeTUwzvlrdiq_QT3QMl6ZUQSrnKdQZ4_kF05FIkmWMjhmBA-npCrGbnX77PkruZzD6wm6AbPLo74YWiqjAl0E-hBG8xFduGGYMztE-Gr0KXs-jOZ2doHeA/s310/Screen+Shot+2021-07-24+at+12.28.19.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="219" data-original-width="310" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLEoNcTja48wzPafT1Nm0sFMeTUwzvlrdiq_QT3QMl6ZUQSrnKdQZ4_kF05FIkmWMjhmBA-npCrGbnX77PkruZzD6wm6AbPLo74YWiqjAl0E-hBG8xFduGGYMztE-Gr0KXs-jOZ2doHeA/w400-h283/Screen+Shot+2021-07-24+at+12.28.19.png" width="400" /></a></div> </div><div>There we leave Ida, on her missionary tour of every state in Australia. She would surely have been astonished to learn that she became a character in <i>Finnegans Wake</i>!<br /></div><div> </div><div>I looked her up on ancestry.co.uk and found this.</div><div> </div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFNs5Etfk_W4_IFI0X8owijWK83FUUOfJmicArZue_Dq773CgkFdn7_Ee60M3pBkQ0XYv95zr5a9Oen0BL7P55cStszIweLlPgLiXwzf3jWGSkaltV3-nc1z4iu-kPsxcXkf-LQN258e8/s1118/0598E178-4DBE-4D07-83EE-1DDA4813F530.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="869" data-original-width="1118" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFNs5Etfk_W4_IFI0X8owijWK83FUUOfJmicArZue_Dq773CgkFdn7_Ee60M3pBkQ0XYv95zr5a9Oen0BL7P55cStszIweLlPgLiXwzf3jWGSkaltV3-nc1z4iu-kPsxcXkf-LQN258e8/s320/0598E178-4DBE-4D07-83EE-1DDA4813F530.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div></div><div> </div><div>The articles in the <i>Primitive Methodist Leader</i> are too late to have been used by Joyce, who wrote about Ida in 1923. Now someone (with the patience <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2014/09/meet-genetic-wakeans.html">of Vincent Deane</a>) needs to track down the
specific newspaper article where Joyce found her. I suspect it was published in 1922, when she was 17 years old. </div><div><br /><div><br /></div><div>Ida must be a relation of 'the market missioners Hayden Wombwell' 529.01</div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvt1MRRc7Fk8k_J3cFvULYrnh-7KaexE6fAMUznNOl9g1snJiiurOjHmiLW7ZeP-qKc5kNn2z12z787AZZ5ozV9Ax0KIHvE4cFBPlb53Lz8SRLR3OOGWTJADo1X-PeJ1eurc2hyXMEpaM/s493/Screenshot+2021-07-24+at+14.04.02.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="493" data-original-width="361" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvt1MRRc7Fk8k_J3cFvULYrnh-7KaexE6fAMUznNOl9g1snJiiurOjHmiLW7ZeP-qKc5kNn2z12z787AZZ5ozV9Ax0KIHvE4cFBPlb53Lz8SRLR3OOGWTJADo1X-PeJ1eurc2hyXMEpaM/s320/Screenshot+2021-07-24+at+14.04.02.png" /></a></div>Joyce was amused by religious revivalists, like J Alexander Dowie who appears in <i>Ulysses</i>. </div><div> </div><div><b>'Come on, you winefizzling ginsizzling booseguzzling existences! Come on, you dog-gone, bullnecked, beetlebrowed, hogjowled, peanutbrained, weaseleyed four flushers, false alarms and excess baggage! Come on, you triple extract of infamy! Alexander J. Christ Dowie, that's yanked to glory most half this planet from 'Frisco Beach to Vladivostok. The Deity ain't no nickel dime bumshow. I put it to you that he's on the square and a corking fine business proposition. He's the grandest thing yet and don't you forget it. Shout salvation in King Jesus. You'll need to rise precious early, you sinner there, if you want to diddle the Almighty God.'</b> </div><div> </div><div>He had a record of Amy Semple Macpherson preaching which he <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2014/01/paris-memoirs-morley-callaghan.html">played Morley Callaghan</a>:<br /><br /><b>''Do you think Mr and Mrs Callaghan would like to hear the record?' he asked his wife. 'What record?' asked McAlmon, blinking suspiciously...Mrs Joyce was regarding my wife and me very gravely. 'Yes,' she said. 'I think it might interest them.'<br />'What record?' McAlmon repeated uneasily.<br />Mrs Joyce rose, got a record out of a cabinet and put it on the machine. After a moment my wife <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguO-bTT4I5Jsj81htLELyNmCMb5CREJXKgNNm1PhI6VY2CmO0GFTyY4qwbC9E2ZqQvvOVXc3nZRzafNBgZ92nVnQFX_CYpPpsQ1X9WnTYcEZb0bmlVQU-Y0ZWRxkNp5q-X2psuNwtYaJQ/s600/Stories_Aimee_Semple_McPherson_Preaching.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="519" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguO-bTT4I5Jsj81htLELyNmCMb5CREJXKgNNm1PhI6VY2CmO0GFTyY4qwbC9E2ZqQvvOVXc3nZRzafNBgZ92nVnQFX_CYpPpsQ1X9WnTYcEZb0bmlVQU-Y0ZWRxkNp5q-X2psuNwtYaJQ/s320/Stories_Aimee_Semple_McPherson_Preaching.png" width="320" /></a></div>and I looked at each other in astonishment. Aimee Semple McPherson was preaching a sermon! At that time, everyone in Europe and America had heard of Mrs McPherson, the attractive, seductive blonde evangelist from California. But why should Joyce be interested in the woman evangelist?<br /> The evangelist had an extraordinary voice, warm, low, throaty and imploring. But what was she asking for? As we listened, my wife and I exchanging glances, we became aware that the Joyces were watching us intently, while Mrs McPherson's voice rose and fell. The voice, in a tone of ecstatic abandonment, took on an ancient familiar rhythm. It became like a woman's urgent love moan as she begged. 'Come, come on to me, And I will give you rest...and I will give you rest...Come, come...' My wife, her eyebrows raised, caught my glance, then we averted our eyes, as if afraid that the Joyces would know what we were thinking. But Joyce, who had been watching us intently, had caught our glance. It was enough. He brightened and chuckled. Then Mrs Joyce, who had also kept her eyes on us, burst out laughing herself. Nothing had to be explained. Grinning mischievously, in enormous satisfaction with his small success, Joyce poured us another drink.'</b></div><div><b> </b></div><div><i>That Summer in Paris </i></div><div><i> </i></div><div>Aimee, whose mother worked for the Salvation Army, is in<i> Finnegans Wake</i>:</div><div> </div><div><b>'the aimees of servation' </b>351.33<i>
</i><br /><br />This must be the record!<br /><br /></div></div></div>
<iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/qvqNQDy9pGU" width="480"></iframe>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-34666767083201710722021-05-15T10:39:00.028+01:002021-06-04T10:49:18.008+01:00Painted Saws in Ovingdean<iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/De1dW-bicX4" width="480"></iframe> <div><br /></div><div>Meet my friend Jo Goddard, abstract ceramic sculptor and tiki mug maker, in a report from <a href="https://thelatest.co.uk/latest-tv/">Latest TV's</a> William Ranieri. </div><div><br /></div><div>Last year, Jo inherited a collection of saws from her father. She had the inspired idea to get her friends to paint the saws, and then exhibit them in her garden. The exhibition is called <a href="https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/out-of-the-woods-art-exhibition-tickets-148567416141">Out of the Woods</a>, and it's running until the end of this month.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcLsa9REc5Cb7m-c8o3v6PaBlSul2zuPtp5Gm40rZUL7W8752pkRGjaHHc-fcoL8YvO9bGnt449aZ7TVTp5WVfbQ9kKqjVCAyau0t7HuJaF8khrEqkBISfoFRoDAYXsiX6MMfFGSQ-FZ0/s608/Screenshot+2021-05-15+at+10.38.14.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="595" data-original-width="608" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcLsa9REc5Cb7m-c8o3v6PaBlSul2zuPtp5Gm40rZUL7W8752pkRGjaHHc-fcoL8YvO9bGnt449aZ7TVTp5WVfbQ9kKqjVCAyau0t7HuJaF8khrEqkBISfoFRoDAYXsiX6MMfFGSQ-FZ0/s320/Screenshot+2021-05-15+at+10.38.14.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div>Thirty artists took part, including sculptors and ceramicists.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF19I0b_hqLQa2CAd0481wgJz07yN00za53QmEnigilq98Y9bPCgY8dBowukVdRvQRqS8NYwLSNdqL3Rbjag2U4y5n_E2XyAE7vCiqjGlmlgVFUY7nJ-S2_k0u3yK8SgTeEKoxf6uJJVk/s2048/DSC_3164.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF19I0b_hqLQa2CAd0481wgJz07yN00za53QmEnigilq98Y9bPCgY8dBowukVdRvQRqS8NYwLSNdqL3Rbjag2U4y5n_E2XyAE7vCiqjGlmlgVFUY7nJ-S2_k0u3yK8SgTeEKoxf6uJJVk/w400-h266/DSC_3164.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Lisa painted her saw with day and night scenes inspired <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/07/ken-layne-desert-oracle-magazine-desert-gawker">Ken Layne's</a> <a href="https://www.desertoracle.com/radio/">Desert Oracle Radio</a>, one of our favourite radio shows. </div><div><br /></div><div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd9KYbm6wLGUm-QoLTxx2a6uQh-8PXkV91dZUXjONsYbyJjtwGEzD-xyhYz_nJg-bJjQFFkdt7d9An0J9akds_nfLuxvUSl3d9jXw0fBbQEJTvq0NI9ERz0hOV9c-Tm426TIu4WcWqAEw/s2048/DSC_2538+%25281%2529.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd9KYbm6wLGUm-QoLTxx2a6uQh-8PXkV91dZUXjONsYbyJjtwGEzD-xyhYz_nJg-bJjQFFkdt7d9An0J9akds_nfLuxvUSl3d9jXw0fBbQEJTvq0NI9ERz0hOV9c-Tm426TIu4WcWqAEw/w400-h266/DSC_2538+%25281%2529.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>We listen to Desert Oracle every Saturday evening, sipping a Dark and Stormy cocktail and watching the sun set. It transports us from Lockdown Britain to the spooky Mojave desert, where coyotes howl and strange lights are seen in the sky.</div><div><br /></div><div>Gram Parsons, the fallen angel, is on Lisa's handle. Listen to episode 3 of Desert Oracle Radio to find out why Gram and Joshua Tree are forever connected.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR1M4MGLEjngKpsSRrGQyUitAisYhkMwip_zNaLVXLRpEs351qhntXUSQDSikOI1D-wgp1u7gXGmcmW1nCm5PGPMfXsd-VloLjpA2MDLan7S0Mo6mSGTp0rQvmX2K_YEZF3Ow3W-BbqLk/s2048/DSC_2560.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1494" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR1M4MGLEjngKpsSRrGQyUitAisYhkMwip_zNaLVXLRpEs351qhntXUSQDSikOI1D-wgp1u7gXGmcmW1nCm5PGPMfXsd-VloLjpA2MDLan7S0Mo6mSGTp0rQvmX2K_YEZF3Ow3W-BbqLk/s320/DSC_2560.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>La Llorona on the other side is the dark-haired weeping ghost woman, often seen on the Old Spanish Trail through the Mojave - the one we now call Route 66. 'Listen for her,' says Ken, 'at the lonesome edge of town. Watch for her.'</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5cPwrmDHNEdVfsq6hYr_9O3ZxttEfBNMT8F_TGSNdz6JcbXz7M5NTYHudTfuRfGLTJ3h3bhvGxoB_PaCPsKq1pxbSTp3i7c4I6RFtQWYeIn_0Etz56eIYeX_riDn017djl7oHzNsFzlM/s2048/DSC_2607.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5cPwrmDHNEdVfsq6hYr_9O3ZxttEfBNMT8F_TGSNdz6JcbXz7M5NTYHudTfuRfGLTJ3h3bhvGxoB_PaCPsKq1pxbSTp3i7c4I6RFtQWYeIn_0Etz56eIYeX_riDn017djl7oHzNsFzlM/s320/DSC_2607.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>This is how the show always opens.</div><div><br /></div><div><iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/bL7UPpyHJCo" width="480"></iframe></div></div><div><br /></div></div><div>I painted my saw with the hundred letter thunderword from the first page of <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. It's made up of words for thunder in Arabic (gargarahat), Hindi (karak), Japanese (kaminari), Finnish (ukkonen), Greek (brontê), French (tonnerre), Italian (tuono), Portuguese (trovão), Swedish (åska), Danish (torden) and Irish ( tórnach), joined together to make a mighty thunderclap.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7BLZAPqdcK5ix9ty_2kRXA2TAQibZficarybwouuQYy9oS6U9xtfY8WToduqzNvxYDNCee0jYLpiMd0CLGAG6qvxO0KeRKU1TTEEjy9z0W1IY946ZlZNIsZ8r0xlXPNDIYgqYYdLzSb4/s3125/DSC_2597.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1006" data-original-width="3125" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7BLZAPqdcK5ix9ty_2kRXA2TAQibZficarybwouuQYy9oS6U9xtfY8WToduqzNvxYDNCee0jYLpiMd0CLGAG6qvxO0KeRKU1TTEEjy9z0W1IY946ZlZNIsZ8r0xlXPNDIYgqYYdLzSb4/w640-h206/DSC_2597.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Here's how the great Jim Norton (Bishop Len Brennan from Father Ted) reads the word, from the Naxos audiobook.</div><div><br /></div><div>
<iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/4xOOJKsHfQM" width="480"></iframe> </div><div><br /></div><div>The handle has Joyce's sigla - the symbols he used to stand for the various characters in <i>Finnegans Wake</i>.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS-mcbHasMs_385C8LdxG1rn2Iu_YBbaH7xLvkSJpx4_ga7IAuxmZnVQyZf03RdsueaOxOd2i1rjiHbqoXzTK9l8S1vveSDq0IuCXDBUStQ8jh9ica5M0CV4b26w226bGaCUS6-FV_x8I/s2048/DSC_3526.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1548" data-original-width="2048" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS-mcbHasMs_385C8LdxG1rn2Iu_YBbaH7xLvkSJpx4_ga7IAuxmZnVQyZf03RdsueaOxOd2i1rjiHbqoXzTK9l8S1vveSDq0IuCXDBUStQ8jh9ica5M0CV4b26w226bGaCUS6-FV_x8I/w400-h303/DSC_3526.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>Joyce's one good eye is covered with a patch after yet another iridectomy. He wears a white jacket to reflect the available light, though he can barely see anything with his right eye. I took care with the tie because he told the portrait artist Patrick Tuohy, 'Never mind my soul, Tuohy. Just make sure you get my tie right.'<div><br /></div><div>The other side is the River Liffey flowing into Dublin bay on the last page of <i>Finnegans Wake, </i>and the <span style="font-size: large;">riverrun</span> that continues on the first page.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzTEy6I2uzUG3u9lhWSWKGK0Y7k3s0ccHpKqVDD3QxFDs0yhV2pxFAjEHXcE6xYGhD9o9m-J0Z9oc4qG5LTuYkzkJ2mQhWB1BdC42qR5JoUb55zs5ONk9zhhQ6nOIi5Qok8zoLifwux8g/s2048/saw+2.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzTEy6I2uzUG3u9lhWSWKGK0Y7k3s0ccHpKqVDD3QxFDs0yhV2pxFAjEHXcE6xYGhD9o9m-J0Z9oc4qG5LTuYkzkJ2mQhWB1BdC42qR5JoUb55zs5ONk9zhhQ6nOIi5Qok8zoLifwux8g/w640-h426/saw+2.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div>The handle is the Irish Sea, and the god Oceanus-Neptune-Manaanan McLir.</div><div><br /></div><b>And it's old and old it's sad and old it's sad and weary I go back to you, my cold father, my cold mad father, my cold mad feary father, till the near sight of the mere size of him, the moyles and moyles of it, moananoaning, makes me seasilt saltsick and I rush, my only, into your arms.</b><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic3smhQp2f1GkSHw-BZ5I_-CDew6bDzx8ly2M1tolBm8YRp-Wzy56auAQqDi5dClypE55wavoxacRqy0a4uRQz10mnBs2daGKs8gP2cqmr3dxCEziT4hGJHc3Lf5mUsiFOeAVm3vPq210/s2048/DSC_2602.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1657" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic3smhQp2f1GkSHw-BZ5I_-CDew6bDzx8ly2M1tolBm8YRp-Wzy56auAQqDi5dClypE55wavoxacRqy0a4uRQz10mnBs2daGKs8gP2cqmr3dxCEziT4hGJHc3Lf5mUsiFOeAVm3vPq210/s320/DSC_2602.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br />The river, which is carrying Autumn leaves, is the colour of <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2016/09/a-photo-of-anna-livias-hair.html">the hair of Livia Svevo, a model for Anna Livia</a>. Here's a photo of her with hair hair down, from the Museo Sveviana in Trieste.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-h0ob_w_YVS7r0b8GG57SeskYy36zrWYWhAZkzdIH5d9e2KT2VMxkfK9ZLSCEg0MxaojLUxZfxgKRfm_5NxAsVMUWY-fHV1RRbzw-tPTDeAjedzST3aF8dlyj9d9yZYuoBTs5sEvi3Jg/s692/Screenshot+2021-05-16+at+12.47.39.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="692" data-original-width="540" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-h0ob_w_YVS7r0b8GG57SeskYy36zrWYWhAZkzdIH5d9e2KT2VMxkfK9ZLSCEg0MxaojLUxZfxgKRfm_5NxAsVMUWY-fHV1RRbzw-tPTDeAjedzST3aF8dlyj9d9yZYuoBTs5sEvi3Jg/w313-h400/Screenshot+2021-05-16+at+12.47.39.png" width="313" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 10.56px;">courtesy of Museo Sveviano, Trieste</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>Joyce said, <b>'I've...immortalized the tresses of Signora Svevo. These were long and reddish-blond. My sister who used to see them let down told me about them. The river at Dublin passes dye-houses and so has reddish water. So I have playfully compared these two things in the book I'm writing.'</b><div><div><br /></div><div>
<iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/nc877XhuplY" width="480"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">I only realised after I'd delivered the saw that I'd made a mistake with the book's final sentence. This was spotted by Finn Fordham</span></div><div><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnqemoRCk18064GX1PCUdxS8usLXc6td-Jyq_2Iu9UNZx9RG5xo7g6ZjRvs8I_fYuqjGjUTlYgZhc_c5oTJpZdQHXxLflsnn7fjCR41p7XRXyIGDpx-tAsgfRE_-OBlMRUzoXdLASbSSI/s479/Screenshot+2021-05-14+at+15.40.51.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="104" data-original-width="479" height="86" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnqemoRCk18064GX1PCUdxS8usLXc6td-Jyq_2Iu9UNZx9RG5xo7g6ZjRvs8I_fYuqjGjUTlYgZhc_c5oTJpZdQHXxLflsnn7fjCR41p7XRXyIGDpx-tAsgfRE_-OBlMRUzoXdLASbSSI/w400-h86/Screenshot+2021-05-14+at+15.40.51.png" width="400" /></a></div><br />The irony is that the Faber typesetters made a similar mistake, except they lost 'a lost'!</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div><div>We went over to Ovingdean where I built a state-of-the-art display unit for the saws. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8xDf8gDerNiZTyfiBz60NAhH41de2441LxB2jjcKoP-vUrgKKFI54FY91BufmJdcTvmAT5UTf-IKgyZd4XdUK9SjYiqYxMHS7iZmQw02wXI2N4mW1j8yqEvGGsjEYwMtZcNYmVJCYkMM/s2048/DSC_2626.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8xDf8gDerNiZTyfiBz60NAhH41de2441LxB2jjcKoP-vUrgKKFI54FY91BufmJdcTvmAT5UTf-IKgyZd4XdUK9SjYiqYxMHS7iZmQw02wXI2N4mW1j8yqEvGGsjEYwMtZcNYmVJCYkMM/w400-h266/DSC_2626.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Night side saws</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>Here I am at the opening, a rare chance to wear a suit. The great tiki mugs on the table were made by Jo.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKzX3HzmvMBI4AuEfXe267UefgluQB2dDOd5PKkp-Zf-InqUSEcEDsEz1RrqkfeWPySPDDJmv7Pa6W1MLeMlRg-wdVYncXmt1nA2Z0o1WHVmRMMVJl2EzW9PTd2nHkktRf1XwE5ZQGNJc/s2048/DSC_2681.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKzX3HzmvMBI4AuEfXe267UefgluQB2dDOd5PKkp-Zf-InqUSEcEDsEz1RrqkfeWPySPDDJmv7Pa6W1MLeMlRg-wdVYncXmt1nA2Z0o1WHVmRMMVJl2EzW9PTd2nHkktRf1XwE5ZQGNJc/w400-h266/DSC_2681.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Day side saws</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div>Here are some more saws I photographed at the exhibition opening. These are by the tattoo artists Alex and Zoe Binnie (front), Billy Chainsaw (middle) and Matt Noir (fence).<div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_35hytUbsXyQ3S2FcsgMmVKjMyaqzggnZMvFO4TQSp1WniT7SwJKKlCMlKcsew3x-nHa3xnJZAdkKTZFFrvFxS2VmGLDDBhj7OC_BvuFwLYA2bIOB06MYuWhk4z6-w4OWA2-ANOLunEY/s2048/DSC_2643.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1181" data-original-width="2048" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_35hytUbsXyQ3S2FcsgMmVKjMyaqzggnZMvFO4TQSp1WniT7SwJKKlCMlKcsew3x-nHa3xnJZAdkKTZFFrvFxS2VmGLDDBhj7OC_BvuFwLYA2bIOB06MYuWhk4z6-w4OWA2-ANOLunEY/w400-h231/DSC_2643.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Here's <a href="https://www.instagram.com/chrissickmoore/">Chris 'Sick' Moore with his saws</a>. He's inspired by the great midcentury American illustrators Jim Flora, <a href="https://fishinkblog.com/2013/08/21/cliff-roberts-mid-century-illustrator-of-jazz-and-muppets/">Cliff Roberts</a>, Saul Bass and Ed 'Big Daddy' Roth. </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnbddI8PZyI1rF6u84Nlc0XdM8cVwZk62HLA120uVUK9lwVUJYVQEw0UZrHSPhwCS37w41IXeqMd1ha1Kv3G8cavkpauWMLDPyeog04Zsm99aNQEBHfcDUN15OZ9e_01mD34dGn6rl8E4/s2048/DSC_2715.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1346" data-original-width="2048" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnbddI8PZyI1rF6u84Nlc0XdM8cVwZk62HLA120uVUK9lwVUJYVQEw0UZrHSPhwCS37w41IXeqMd1ha1Kv3G8cavkpauWMLDPyeog04Zsm99aNQEBHfcDUN15OZ9e_01mD34dGn6rl8E4/w400-h263/DSC_2715.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div>I love the devil he painted on the handle of his Robert Johnson Me and the Devil saw.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaLObL07u9S-zz0OHcj6FcKxTQui0V829xI3NuB371pz1dEYcYVozGFgGNJm947YTdv0psUdYNwsUbKm7o3Mom3R-5fyub6M5vNWlp_ridMcLlOL37td4vG_BNHca21_UurU8Z0YtssBY/s581/Screenshot+2021-05-15+at+09.57.05.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="581" data-original-width="505" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaLObL07u9S-zz0OHcj6FcKxTQui0V829xI3NuB371pz1dEYcYVozGFgGNJm947YTdv0psUdYNwsUbKm7o3Mom3R-5fyub6M5vNWlp_ridMcLlOL37td4vG_BNHca21_UurU8Z0YtssBY/s320/Screenshot+2021-05-15+at+09.57.05.png" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><div><a href="https://www.instagram.com/mimib.illustration/">Mimi Butler</a> decorated her saw with a long-necked bird.</div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOHWpB9AE36xuPbC9HVrqT-KkTQERGgBTobtAwbDCopJ1G0MBS3EaKXtzaVRKElRDU3-G-bI8VmpHmDaiG1Cwd2HqOcgT_Uc9zWo7U5al-udV6TxTnS1NVE6stukN7oZPWWlczaPgqe64/s596/Screenshot+2021-05-15+at+10.15.58.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="596" data-original-width="450" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOHWpB9AE36xuPbC9HVrqT-KkTQERGgBTobtAwbDCopJ1G0MBS3EaKXtzaVRKElRDU3-G-bI8VmpHmDaiG1Cwd2HqOcgT_Uc9zWo7U5al-udV6TxTnS1NVE6stukN7oZPWWlczaPgqe64/s320/Screenshot+2021-05-15+at+10.15.58.png" /></a></div></div><div><br /></div><div>Mimi also created the lovely blackbird signage for the exhibition.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGj_q4_-yZ3HHd_zkrCm8XwPNKfze180y9nsEsK7mMf9cdn1BJalui86upsfTqotkxOtUvMJK0bfyG3m6MPROO_nvZNWdNmTDIVsOyCVg6zvoLtGGIRI0vw0I3q0zJIIAowhxvvVExzwU/s2048/DSC_3120.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1365" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGj_q4_-yZ3HHd_zkrCm8XwPNKfze180y9nsEsK7mMf9cdn1BJalui86upsfTqotkxOtUvMJK0bfyG3m6MPROO_nvZNWdNmTDIVsOyCVg6zvoLtGGIRI0vw0I3q0zJIIAowhxvvVExzwU/s320/DSC_3120.jpeg" /></a></div><div><br /></div>Here are two saws from <a href="https://www.blogger.com/#">Wintz,</a> who says that the second one is a 'very deliberate colour combo to really mess with your eyes!' See Wintz's <a href="https://www.instagram.com/wintz_art/">'drawings from alternate realms' on Instgram</a>.<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAP4epsfWGlO0C5tcqSgapUtaExlYofdE35P1ba3gMYJCfEB8TXWlfcPOPOd85Dv6lJH7bjbgdd43mohdM2jIyZhZBM-x1UCdmi_FcJtoiEriBz5z_PcSkjNNbg8kgUXXT4EwLUiA6CAI/s576/Screenshot+2021-05-16+at+10.27.49.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="379" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAP4epsfWGlO0C5tcqSgapUtaExlYofdE35P1ba3gMYJCfEB8TXWlfcPOPOd85Dv6lJH7bjbgdd43mohdM2jIyZhZBM-x1UCdmi_FcJtoiEriBz5z_PcSkjNNbg8kgUXXT4EwLUiA6CAI/s320/Screenshot+2021-05-16+at+10.27.49.png" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.chalkarchitecture.com/practice/">Jeremy Diaper, architect</a>, decorated his saws with drawings of buildings near his home in Kemptown.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmqJHRVJF_e2RLtuiSq7xcgqieqTzz25OdVx-hxBmP4qOVPTrvpnC5DF62pSmtSh8THBjC_Z3VbGhjRCDbWE4BSzUPcbYNzaVc6IXfXDfxDP8gDvBw6Fpa_OcdOljYr5mE4JQOCGvMRc0/s2048/DSC_2668.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmqJHRVJF_e2RLtuiSq7xcgqieqTzz25OdVx-hxBmP4qOVPTrvpnC5DF62pSmtSh8THBjC_Z3VbGhjRCDbWE4BSzUPcbYNzaVc6IXfXDfxDP8gDvBw6Fpa_OcdOljYr5mE4JQOCGvMRc0/w400-h266/DSC_2668.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>I like the rusty background.</div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihhY_95At_g_Fy4yX5fPYk_bSoBcw_hQzdY0yOvV4GyKVrPIJqHsVT04NjJoPMNfl3ASqunSTxr_PZXDwvfQsxUbTXvwwU0abHiCs8iiMTQdKOQCBWQGgqiZsUq4-PMvTwuwrRRSUlSEc/s2667/DSC_2669.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1179" data-original-width="2667" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihhY_95At_g_Fy4yX5fPYk_bSoBcw_hQzdY0yOvV4GyKVrPIJqHsVT04NjJoPMNfl3ASqunSTxr_PZXDwvfQsxUbTXvwwU0abHiCs8iiMTQdKOQCBWQGgqiZsUq4-PMvTwuwrRRSUlSEc/w400-h176/DSC_2669.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div></div><div><br /></div><a href="https://www.instagram.com/mattnoirartist/">Matt Noir </a>is interested in 'the symbolic power of objects, how they are bestowed with meaning, evoke memories and develop narratives.' Here's one of his still life saws.<br /><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJMA8yBrpv-6Ws_lUdHR-hgSZKGkw79kf4tU8dJXuflhD7SuHwYw2hWn2y2fyUnCGugWC-XW1Hn9Id9lxlUiEALDbwXJXLCovXEidaSQDW9OkFTeFVpq2QG2l1qAS80Uk9iaCEFTYLUzg/s2048/DSC_2646.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJMA8yBrpv-6Ws_lUdHR-hgSZKGkw79kf4tU8dJXuflhD7SuHwYw2hWn2y2fyUnCGugWC-XW1Hn9Id9lxlUiEALDbwXJXLCovXEidaSQDW9OkFTeFVpq2QG2l1qAS80Uk9iaCEFTYLUzg/w400-h266/DSC_2646.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Here's a ghostly face from Jeffrey Disastronaut.</div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBWDslVlFBX6ZSZBfgT0N_OdUshxzSa6x3MilYz98mONH6JB8ak-Ong-3uiSH7zJ_b63UNRhrEZI-dSZAf3b9duARIeJN8hcw_VWl7D7DRY9kKvD6lwE5oyCn2H8NDqXlCFlofDWaXpT4/s2048/DSC_2644.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1365" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBWDslVlFBX6ZSZBfgT0N_OdUshxzSa6x3MilYz98mONH6JB8ak-Ong-3uiSH7zJ_b63UNRhrEZI-dSZAf3b9duARIeJN8hcw_VWl7D7DRY9kKvD6lwE5oyCn2H8NDqXlCFlofDWaXpT4/w266-h400/DSC_2644.jpeg" width="266" /></a></div></div><div><br /></div><div>The flamboyant <a href="https://www.davepopart.com/about-dave">Dave Pop</a>! took over Jo's garage with his 'bright, bold pop art, with a generous topping of seaside sauce!'</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkB0050FqX30y3Ik5XfbIWpY-fzjwWoA_I1QuRd1B6ZKQMHdm-N_92puWCB6XTthK_dMEKnSQ7xRiG8VxYuUknQCmfY8qU4IIsKd5qbLoRgEqxe0k6IhSb89SUig1ehyphenhyphenwiN1UkD7VVuSA/s2048/pop1.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkB0050FqX30y3Ik5XfbIWpY-fzjwWoA_I1QuRd1B6ZKQMHdm-N_92puWCB6XTthK_dMEKnSQ7xRiG8VxYuUknQCmfY8qU4IIsKd5qbLoRgEqxe0k6IhSb89SUig1ehyphenhyphenwiN1UkD7VVuSA/w400-h266/pop1.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br />You can see Dave singing <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBILH38OaK0">'Am I in Love or Am I Insane?' on YouTube</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg0GIXfjXfvS4epIAlZj4ibZewFWcmiD8cMLbZB6iF075i5M3UTlk-PIgfsuK-TBh1BJOoxYxOyrrAWkRe7Y1-hTc56I2VqyXTk1KmgatPOBMgv8XMMj1G6K5BkH7iGSJ5QuG2B-yUJ58/s2048/DSC_2666.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg0GIXfjXfvS4epIAlZj4ibZewFWcmiD8cMLbZB6iF075i5M3UTlk-PIgfsuK-TBh1BJOoxYxOyrrAWkRe7Y1-hTc56I2VqyXTk1KmgatPOBMgv8XMMj1G6K5BkH7iGSJ5QuG2B-yUJ58/w400-h266/DSC_2666.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://sansjimsanders.com/">Jim Sanders</a> made a sculpture out of his saw. Read about Jim's amazing <a href="https://www.kidsofdada.com/blogs/magazine/17502425-the-chapel-of-outsider-artist-jim-sanders">Brighton studio/home here.</a></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCrR7aEQXEca7-SrwX73bk_i6RnTP3OS1hcTcwzcL7cO5hLu7l14RhOYbjn14NHkf8K8ms5mfYAEPoLGiiiUNHsc5I4MVrPwRIKtQzjRcphBVh5RtT4fHPyqb_TqPELqDwEMOAHxn3K4w/s2048/DSC_3180.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1333" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCrR7aEQXEca7-SrwX73bk_i6RnTP3OS1hcTcwzcL7cO5hLu7l14RhOYbjn14NHkf8K8ms5mfYAEPoLGiiiUNHsc5I4MVrPwRIKtQzjRcphBVh5RtT4fHPyqb_TqPELqDwEMOAHxn3K4w/s320/DSC_3180.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>Here's Jim with another sculpture he made for the show.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFS_UpdI1fstf-U0wIyp0iuAjnzm-Eox7V_1uBCmazHK7HHnwpKYLLBN8ix4F4SW9hRkxOKMDAQVl7Qpt4UcHjezxVeR7YXGdcv11YFkwMzQm2V9e-6L0rN1oclaaC3K0cln8hYbVKgok/s2048/DSC_2692.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1365" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFS_UpdI1fstf-U0wIyp0iuAjnzm-Eox7V_1uBCmazHK7HHnwpKYLLBN8ix4F4SW9hRkxOKMDAQVl7Qpt4UcHjezxVeR7YXGdcv11YFkwMzQm2V9e-6L0rN1oclaaC3K0cln8hYbVKgok/w266-h400/DSC_2692.jpeg" width="266" /></a></div><br /><div>There are more sculptures at the bottom of the garden by <a href="https://www.encountersartspace.com/portfolio/rafael-berrio/">Rafael Berrio</a>. </div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJBehTMrSfqTUj5xVTVM5gd-3nQBjHqBgR8wiubORAHbT8eoe37xrhz3rQTMqwPtCOXGIlYSyYpfkWEbXr7aGU5Z2nWoSjvNsGXxQOPz4Mbj7S3S1PmJPcps2LMFQQpOs9lvydm6yQyvs/s2048/DSC_2687.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1339" data-original-width="2048" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJBehTMrSfqTUj5xVTVM5gd-3nQBjHqBgR8wiubORAHbT8eoe37xrhz3rQTMqwPtCOXGIlYSyYpfkWEbXr7aGU5Z2nWoSjvNsGXxQOPz4Mbj7S3S1PmJPcps2LMFQQpOs9lvydm6yQyvs/w400-h261/DSC_2687.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div>On the grass in front of Rafael's sculpture there's a pig made by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/dannymanning3/">Danny Manning</a>, textile artist and willow weaver.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY0YFpZU9cZNQUQsRaP7giFUnNS6m8Ml7_xml8siBJZ4iKg_FH-9clinDakwRGUYQ-iJ-yMZFneYPwT-5KWCJRSvBY1A8Snewx2f58Q2NT8aBQ_VnEyT3Jc4ltbb36twtkSyJWMnTiY9U/s2048/DSC_3132.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY0YFpZU9cZNQUQsRaP7giFUnNS6m8Ml7_xml8siBJZ4iKg_FH-9clinDakwRGUYQ-iJ-yMZFneYPwT-5KWCJRSvBY1A8Snewx2f58Q2NT8aBQ_VnEyT3Jc4ltbb36twtkSyJWMnTiY9U/s320/DSC_3132.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>Continuing the animal theme, there's a vitrine with a ceramic Sumatran orangutan by<a href="https://www.instagram.com/jackdurlingartist/"> Jack Durling</a>. He says of this piece, 'Where there is weakness there is also strength'.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6_aF3d_rAThpqOaCa7iv7wej-VpuLte_LRaZqI35Q5OZ_CpfgsrBbHk7U0vB7U_h46YC9AYzP6e9jN6CBWYc5jvy6ONtGZO-v9CxncZmP4aUsoaW99Gmm6nJ7jzBXnh9m-ZM5WH8Rlag/s2048/DSC_3173.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1720" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6_aF3d_rAThpqOaCa7iv7wej-VpuLte_LRaZqI35Q5OZ_CpfgsrBbHk7U0vB7U_h46YC9AYzP6e9jN6CBWYc5jvy6ONtGZO-v9CxncZmP4aUsoaW99Gmm6nJ7jzBXnh9m-ZM5WH8Rlag/s320/DSC_3173.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div>Climbing up a fence is a longhorn beetle made by another willow weaver, Dominic Parrette.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyDOoCeN1beh8gftNWGeT-Bb-isxa2hp5Mykrw5AkKY2_Wx3G83Fbmh_b275mhFIQDXsfMB6bYcMFlzWuHBPBcYClP5QzM3886J3JIbNZeEkFDkyoAqBU2agJHAUVMeBRw7kic99cStzE/s520/Screenshot+2021-05-16+at+12.18.13.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="520" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyDOoCeN1beh8gftNWGeT-Bb-isxa2hp5Mykrw5AkKY2_Wx3G83Fbmh_b275mhFIQDXsfMB6bYcMFlzWuHBPBcYClP5QzM3886J3JIbNZeEkFDkyoAqBU2agJHAUVMeBRw7kic99cStzE/s320/Screenshot+2021-05-16+at+12.18.13.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><a href="https://cescawincreativesculpture.wordpress.com/about/">Christine Scawin</a> has installed these sculptures made of recycled copper on the grass.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwxb9S4o3GD7ThS_yawTLmHI8I2VGP7Ge__eq5J9uXaTr8l1pDNaS-GSfTekYfm8VButcuIKi06eCXhWzkXtedXnR4t2L9nxD0CWFaLSjX8Jrn4wjHWJ3H5cBVUGH2WicyETN33-urZSU/s2048/DSC_3133.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwxb9S4o3GD7ThS_yawTLmHI8I2VGP7Ge__eq5J9uXaTr8l1pDNaS-GSfTekYfm8VButcuIKi06eCXhWzkXtedXnR4t2L9nxD0CWFaLSjX8Jrn4wjHWJ3H5cBVUGH2WicyETN33-urZSU/s320/DSC_3133.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>There are female figures by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/matchgirl67/">Claudia Castelton-Brown</a>. I can imagine these on Lisa's Desert Oracle saw.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGih4TjJj7ineK7bls_pS8QMj_chLdWeo6Dqx_R3hyphenhyphencUMCkIdaVE32r_iiJDBYzM9O0HQiumyBCUcQtWX5Aqsj6Wo5s-Z3BHHfRgQUC1YvZnUNkDNpXW5iz-0Qr-ZRshYtJt1Kgz_1Y-U/s2048/DSC_3135.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGih4TjJj7ineK7bls_pS8QMj_chLdWeo6Dqx_R3hyphenhyphencUMCkIdaVE32r_iiJDBYzM9O0HQiumyBCUcQtWX5Aqsj6Wo5s-Z3BHHfRgQUC1YvZnUNkDNpXW5iz-0Qr-ZRshYtJt1Kgz_1Y-U/s320/DSC_3135.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>These stone sculptures are by <a href="https://www.jacobfrerichs.com/stone-sculptures/">Jacob Frerichs</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzyN_VQjCTCoRHWUu6JSdBacPj7BtLAJfM7cbruwgZLN_myg9LOxhTcqBZ7Puopvsy3-nc-u0linbFc6vNBSUY-3nbyEI-RPJMJQ-lt5SfkUYbh2kvI-YGb97OIa9i3REkcu0gK1jHZfI/s2659/DSC_3130.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1182" data-original-width="2659" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzyN_VQjCTCoRHWUu6JSdBacPj7BtLAJfM7cbruwgZLN_myg9LOxhTcqBZ7Puopvsy3-nc-u0linbFc6vNBSUY-3nbyEI-RPJMJQ-lt5SfkUYbh2kvI-YGb97OIa9i3REkcu0gK1jHZfI/w400-h178/DSC_3130.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>A fence has banners made by Julie-ann Smith.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge6URIW2Fg28hhU3DkYOry_affb3nxBKCKQZS5dhD8uGyital6752YT6n39IQOAeibY5qH0J_JmB1VZooy6_AXNiEpxWpgcAEuL1H1qqogOJ4NxzRqNuLj3X87qJxzDWZeRi3h81ep1A0/s577/Screenshot+2021-05-16+at+12.20.48.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="437" data-original-width="577" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge6URIW2Fg28hhU3DkYOry_affb3nxBKCKQZS5dhD8uGyital6752YT6n39IQOAeibY5qH0J_JmB1VZooy6_AXNiEpxWpgcAEuL1H1qqogOJ4NxzRqNuLj3X87qJxzDWZeRi3h81ep1A0/s320/Screenshot+2021-05-16+at+12.20.48.png" width="320" /></a></div><div><div><br /></div><div>Apart from the saws and sculpture, there are ceramics from Chris Turrell and Simon Dredge.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIT1uMqoLu0UUE1v1jHykwp62D7wz1oDT9Vz21SZqLs-lA_GpZiebD2vIxpbTIBUALlK97PmCXGCMwtOPq7CJKTDktfc6CN_ONs_1muKVZXH5_RxrY2CyQ4-HV1ZLyq6uAkzQ_L2kX5-I/s2048/DSC_2642.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1518" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIT1uMqoLu0UUE1v1jHykwp62D7wz1oDT9Vz21SZqLs-lA_GpZiebD2vIxpbTIBUALlK97PmCXGCMwtOPq7CJKTDktfc6CN_ONs_1muKVZXH5_RxrY2CyQ4-HV1ZLyq6uAkzQ_L2kX5-I/s320/DSC_2642.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwY9cVsnfNY8JDZLNdFJ7l6Z-PGRk3us1DvFNZSs7re6LRqHc7Vfle4xVECIqm0FnC1PFS9-LbSsAFxd0D2oCrvceVKrZceBeRPkvJ-8inCVxLggIS3Rd6vC45TD8TAjSZx0q82a4aYw4/s2048/DSC_2640.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1403" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwY9cVsnfNY8JDZLNdFJ7l6Z-PGRk3us1DvFNZSs7re6LRqHc7Vfle4xVECIqm0FnC1PFS9-LbSsAFxd0D2oCrvceVKrZceBeRPkvJ-8inCVxLggIS3Rd6vC45TD8TAjSZx0q82a4aYw4/s320/DSC_2640.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div>Karen Hirst has decorated the mulberry tree.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjg2_vIEXDOEjHLCfXmy8JrITC-bQbg_VohBHQX4cCKrjpOali8geIjNFNpZf0nT5gQPO-FxUxUIaSgxRaU9WV-_HYUwoMtrjpw-sBcIaoc7iVAcqcQMV8B_MnpPQZSSHBgxepFZ1fejw/s561/Screenshot+2021-05-16+at+10.33.10.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="561" data-original-width="532" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjg2_vIEXDOEjHLCfXmy8JrITC-bQbg_VohBHQX4cCKrjpOali8geIjNFNpZf0nT5gQPO-FxUxUIaSgxRaU9WV-_HYUwoMtrjpw-sBcIaoc7iVAcqcQMV8B_MnpPQZSSHBgxepFZ1fejw/s320/Screenshot+2021-05-16+at+10.33.10.png" /></a></div><div><div><br /></div><a href="https://www.instagram.com/helene_mccarthy_art/">Hélène McCarthy, 'mudlarker, scavenger, bricoleur</a>' has work in the garden, in the 'art hutch', and a vitrine.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKqQd3-QfNXS5mH809mSrzLHIOegwu7NF1qGD8YisjOvgEU5bCDaLZ91YdLDCMLZhT_lmyCzJiEi9P_yNXi4dXcc8Lb44rKUparclTGH24CdueAnF7bqnjZEYuPznABxpPF5s8u3PvYv4/s574/Screenshot+2021-05-16+at+10.35.26.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="574" data-original-width="547" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKqQd3-QfNXS5mH809mSrzLHIOegwu7NF1qGD8YisjOvgEU5bCDaLZ91YdLDCMLZhT_lmyCzJiEi9P_yNXi4dXcc8Lb44rKUparclTGH24CdueAnF7bqnjZEYuPznABxpPF5s8u3PvYv4/s320/Screenshot+2021-05-16+at+10.35.26.png" /></a></div><div><div><br /></div><div>There's also an artshed with a display of <a href="https://www.instagram.com/taragouldy">cyanotypes by Tara Gould</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP2edt8Dc35pxy9hlSdqLAcZ4Y27NxXCIgSbjFFE39pxOHDg9sS6_CarTWw4f5OasXAG9yEmmSd65k948FzxWTYGQpJSY5-qlYTWOe2FrmIKpnxshrOWYAYZ614UfR2lrd542AcNm9OkY/s588/Screenshot+2021-05-15+at+10.32.09.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="588" data-original-width="544" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP2edt8Dc35pxy9hlSdqLAcZ4Y27NxXCIgSbjFFE39pxOHDg9sS6_CarTWw4f5OasXAG9yEmmSd65k948FzxWTYGQpJSY5-qlYTWOe2FrmIKpnxshrOWYAYZ614UfR2lrd542AcNm9OkY/s320/Screenshot+2021-05-15+at+10.32.09.png" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>And there's a geodesic dome! Here are Jo and Jeremy performing the topping out ceremony.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOfJ1mEXhc_BLxmqVk8W8QzqIsbvDfrUjWKbEiKMDYrdJnT0RaVNoczs3vTZuUJd_7ArKsfsvvky92Ot7BmNYOheCeuNcuZ6FS_co5AaglKxdyYqOGkyvQvWRZLliqPnNcg9fvGbdlZ14/s2048/DSC_2661.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOfJ1mEXhc_BLxmqVk8W8QzqIsbvDfrUjWKbEiKMDYrdJnT0RaVNoczs3vTZuUJd_7ArKsfsvvky92Ot7BmNYOheCeuNcuZ6FS_co5AaglKxdyYqOGkyvQvWRZLliqPnNcg9fvGbdlZ14/w400-h266/DSC_2661.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqX08eb0NLJr7AK9R4g-R1wGz9T2ayQtBfc2H9Bzj5CFZRorfre1Ovv3Gpca4AtSGRzaTt2Z0TeH5K3biM8A6Krg07-M06UrDPfQIPsSrWzysWD38CqesJ-EqXMInGcZ2v1mlO-rLwUkY/s2048/DSC_2664.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1374" data-original-width="2048" height="269" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqX08eb0NLJr7AK9R4g-R1wGz9T2ayQtBfc2H9Bzj5CFZRorfre1Ovv3Gpca4AtSGRzaTt2Z0TeH5K3biM8A6Krg07-M06UrDPfQIPsSrWzysWD38CqesJ-EqXMInGcZ2v1mlO-rLwUkY/w400-h269/DSC_2664.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Here's one of Jo's ceramic sculptures.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOEjvSgDB1JdVgy5XmGScitKuwKn-dFt4NxxA1UEhJAnJk7rP2CZNsW1SUMTx-AdOCIOdKeOu-NTNWAfKSut6KPbUsOgyeqXQqWrSxbSBvvfI8bXCFvHRSsZ7vl8Ve38FJYIfOueQCK6A/s2048/DSC_3152.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOEjvSgDB1JdVgy5XmGScitKuwKn-dFt4NxxA1UEhJAnJk7rP2CZNsW1SUMTx-AdOCIOdKeOu-NTNWAfKSut6KPbUsOgyeqXQqWrSxbSBvvfI8bXCFvHRSsZ7vl8Ve38FJYIfOueQCK6A/w400-h266/DSC_3152.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div>Her tiki mugs are unbelievably good value, and you can drink beer out of them as well as cocktails.</div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7L516FnGrYqS4XDVvEpWn_A1SqPyo1aD4SoE7yurK4Iuz7dJI1SCkTfMkYH8Lw9cIU-DsujArf8kPT_1q60PgORkfRISWEL13BxyUXGGWi3o6DtSNHvxxgJ-qR4VxYZHZrxiPXwBa-g0/s2048/DSC_3155.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1437" data-original-width="2048" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7L516FnGrYqS4XDVvEpWn_A1SqPyo1aD4SoE7yurK4Iuz7dJI1SCkTfMkYH8Lw9cIU-DsujArf8kPT_1q60PgORkfRISWEL13BxyUXGGWi3o6DtSNHvxxgJ-qR4VxYZHZrxiPXwBa-g0/w400-h281/DSC_3155.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div></div><div><br /></div><div>The exhibition's been getting lots of visitors. Here's Foz Foster who, apart from playing lead guitar in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vddY0nGy8Ws">David Devant and His Spirit Wife, the best band in the multiverse</a>, is musical director of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpxKk9tTm2c">a Sawchestra.</a> Foz brought a musical saw along and played a recital in the garden.</div></div></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfjV8hhwStetREsa_c3WvfWyEE-zAfeZPRYKi2Z1RbKNwJhOjayzVAb30VapwVnN6N_9vssEiYIdNi9BftGd4CJs3tvFJGOXQrL-X5l5KADQ6Lwx44NGp6BuCQFNTEi0qKcAhOFdehzlA/s591/Screenshot+2021-05-15+at+10.20.50.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="591" data-original-width="463" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfjV8hhwStetREsa_c3WvfWyEE-zAfeZPRYKi2Z1RbKNwJhOjayzVAb30VapwVnN6N_9vssEiYIdNi9BftGd4CJs3tvFJGOXQrL-X5l5KADQ6Lwx44NGp6BuCQFNTEi0qKcAhOFdehzlA/s320/Screenshot+2021-05-15+at+10.20.50.png" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGlbAwTVeaPiZDnMe6gHeGjRz5VactKuFkP5A_S3f3DtHhHjSSo0A9gOnCfuCvXQZ0_wFOaL5lrCNJR8Tv8pA8gRMoSRquGKMq7LSVB50Vn4ZTSAx9lUtcZrrNT-p3vmyVDqcF9sTpgqw/s2048/DSC_3145.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGlbAwTVeaPiZDnMe6gHeGjRz5VactKuFkP5A_S3f3DtHhHjSSo0A9gOnCfuCvXQZ0_wFOaL5lrCNJR8Tv8pA8gRMoSRquGKMq7LSVB50Vn4ZTSAx9lUtcZrrNT-p3vmyVDqcF9sTpgqw/s320/DSC_3145.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-36897821337492400672021-04-21T12:50:00.035+01:002021-08-02T09:29:16.710+01:00The last page of Finnegans Wake<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi30NsW_sjyEuGIRUykFP_N_gPrqdlWQ6KDFLqTikPEMu5IUUeNNAQFG844AiRHythbh-ayJ-AM3UNSK8JZBWIMkJnPMn2JyzsfWOdCwXQoUGfiByISWU77KiKKtr9EA7IOZhoFfKMrJSE/s2048/DSC_3001.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1589" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi30NsW_sjyEuGIRUykFP_N_gPrqdlWQ6KDFLqTikPEMu5IUUeNNAQFG844AiRHythbh-ayJ-AM3UNSK8JZBWIMkJnPMn2JyzsfWOdCwXQoUGfiByISWU77KiKKtr9EA7IOZhoFfKMrJSE/w310-h400/DSC_3001.jpeg" width="310" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Liffey by Edward Smyth, 1787, on the Custom House</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />In November 1938, sixteen years after he began <i>Finnegans Wak</i>e <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2018/08/james-joyce-in-nice.html">by the seaside in Nice</a>, James Joyce wrote its final pages. Anna Livia Plurabelle, the Liffey, dies as she flows into Dublin bay and merges with her father, the sea.<div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh29TUYVEnD6y3GgB663e-vWM9YKLY3tpjmGARHjH117uxo48AraZnn7q12-L7pOIZ-WdogvdCwK-yjgUbNGUd0zjjmte0rnMiAxwmEJzQzakEdGYY-cljYeORGFfYtkziXJZLJrTfrSL4/s742/Screenshot+2021-04-20+at+16.23.26.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="387" data-original-width="742" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh29TUYVEnD6y3GgB663e-vWM9YKLY3tpjmGARHjH117uxo48AraZnn7q12-L7pOIZ-WdogvdCwK-yjgUbNGUd0zjjmte0rnMiAxwmEJzQzakEdGYY-cljYeORGFfYtkziXJZLJrTfrSL4/w400-h209/Screenshot+2021-04-20+at+16.23.26.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'I am passing out. O bitter ending! I'll slip away before they're up. They'll never see. Nor know. Nor miss me. And it's old and old it's sad and old it's sad and weary I go back to you, my cold father, my cold mad father, my cold mad feary father, till the near sight of the mere size of him, the moyles and moyles of it, moananoaning, makes me seasilt saltsick and I rush, my only, into your arms. I see them rising! Save me from those therrble prongs! Two more. Onetwo moremens more. So. Avelaval. My leaves have drifted from me. All. But one clings still. I’ll bear it on me. To remind me of. Lff! So soft this morning, ours. Yes. Carry me along, taddy, like you done through the toy fair! If I seen him bearing down on me now under whitespread wings like he’d come from Arkangels, I sink I’d die down over his feet, humbly dumbly, only to washup. Yes, tid. There’s where. First. We pass through grass behush the bush to. Whish! A gull. Gulls. Far calls. Coming, far! End here. Us then. Finn, again! Take. Bussoftlhee, mememormee! Till thousendsthee. Lps. The keys to. Given! A way a lone a lost a last a loved a long the'. </b>627.34-628.16</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Read this aloud (preferably in a Dublin accent) to get the rhythm, repeated rhymes, the cries of the gulls and the 'whsh!' sounds of the sea. Here's a video from chilloutvibe to inspire you.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/xyA5c-ajXyg" width="480"></iframe><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'I am passing out'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">The final chapter is about passing from the book's night world to waking reality.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><b>'Passing. One. We are passing. Two. From sleep we are passing. Three. Into the wikeawades warld from sleep we are passing.'</b> 608.33
<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><b>'O bitter ending'</b><br /><br />This is the bitterness of the salty sea and Anna's bitter disillusion with HCE/Dublin. As she moves away from the city, he/it shrinks in comparison with the vast sea.<div><br /></div><div><b>'I thought you the great in all things, in guilt and in glory. You're but a puny.' </b> 627.23<br /><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'They'll never see. Nor know. Nor miss me. And it's old and old it's sad and old and weary...'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Here she moves from short choppy sentences to one very long one, as if she's just been swept up by the first big wave.</div><div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />There's a precurser of this on page 261, in a passage written in 1934-5:</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'Hencetaking tides we haply return, trumpeted by prawns and ensigned with seakale, to befinding oneself when old is said in one and maker mates with made (oh my!)'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">According to the <a href="https://www.jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/l/l12d.htm">Digital Archive, in the 1934 typescript</a>, Joyce wrote 'when old it's sad'. Could this phrase have inspired the book's ending?</div></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">COLD MAD FEARY FATHER</h4><div><br /></div><div><b>'it's sad and old and weary I go back to you, my cold father, my cold mad father, my cold mad feary father</b><b>, till the near sight of the mere size of him, the moyles and moyles of it, moananoaning....</b><b>'</b></div><div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQTRJbqFxnTy4uVCRhj8lpQuYhUWnsOdpDwyGxE6ktrDaKPR8XMTp3f1xV3RW4UDhlJiqjav74pRJ9c4Upo1aT4Okt5rI0McJkSpHjQC_OmHCL8pCG28RRbMBp1Q2qFP0FRtqsNqwhC_g/s355/Screenshot+2021-04-20+at+11.17.58.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="294" data-original-width="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQTRJbqFxnTy4uVCRhj8lpQuYhUWnsOdpDwyGxE6ktrDaKPR8XMTp3f1xV3RW4UDhlJiqjav74pRJ9c4Upo1aT4Okt5rI0McJkSpHjQC_OmHCL8pCG28RRbMBp1Q2qFP0FRtqsNqwhC_g/s320/Screenshot+2021-04-20+at+11.17.58.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Oceanus, a mosaic from the Zeugma Museum, Turkey</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>The cold mad father is the Greek and Roman god Oceanus, Poseidon/Neptune or the Irish sea god Manannan MacLir - suggested in 'moananoaning'.</div><div><br /><b>'They are coming, waves. The whitemaned seahorses, champing, brightwindbridled, the steeds of Mananaan'</b> </div><div><br /></div><div>Proteus</div><div><br /><b>'Flow over them with your waves and with your waters, </b></div><div><b>Mananaan, Mananaan MacLir...' </b></div><div><br /></div><div>Scylla and Charybdis<br /><br />Above Stephen quotes a chant from George Russell's play 1907 <i>Deirdre</i>, in which Russell himself played the sea god. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>'moananoaning'</b> reminds me of the <a href="http://www.keeningwake.com/keening-tradition/">keening of female mourners at an Irish wake</a> or graveside - a tradition going back thousands of years.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTTpPI53d_eCxoEqt77z-Oy-K3vTD-KbArZ5ftMqTuU7WOuBWi2Q00leebH8hN5paMzcgMH0JkBS3p5nFz0UlNcTD4dzv0-VbEvT6mG-8IGoSjy5CZh7wWZZgC8sURmwxC_sdfgw4npT0/s579/egyptian.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="285" data-original-width="579" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTTpPI53d_eCxoEqt77z-Oy-K3vTD-KbArZ5ftMqTuU7WOuBWi2Q00leebH8hN5paMzcgMH0JkBS3p5nFz0UlNcTD4dzv0-VbEvT6mG-8IGoSjy5CZh7wWZZgC8sURmwxC_sdfgw4npT0/s320/egyptian.png" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwgoHJWiSKF_8NNNuVsFfH6Dt_-UaGaMVwqcodONCIgg80Yz6_JgpMvVUAyX-EgS68Ek-V5OIeXpqRYu9lMZ96w_XW43yBSLE0TWGYXg1EWEQ28DNAa2ZlcBRt3ij1L9yU05zX1YhXlM4/s460/vase.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="460" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwgoHJWiSKF_8NNNuVsFfH6Dt_-UaGaMVwqcodONCIgg80Yz6_JgpMvVUAyX-EgS68Ek-V5OIeXpqRYu9lMZ96w_XW43yBSLE0TWGYXg1EWEQ28DNAa2ZlcBRt3ij1L9yU05zX1YhXlM4/s320/vase.png" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Edmund Lloyd Epstein in <i>A Guide through Finnegans Wake</i> finds echoes of Tennyson's 'Crossing the Bar' in Anna's monologue. He traces 'moananoaning' and 'far calls' (628.13) to the first verse:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Sunset and evening star,</b></div><div><b>And one clear call for me!</b></div><div><b>And may there be no moaning of the bar,</b></div><div><b>When I put out to sea.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>'Moaning of the bar' refers to the sound made by waves crashing on a sandbar, at a river mouth or harbour entrance, when the tide is low. In the poem, Tennyson asks for a high tide 'too full for sound and foam' and a smooth sea - an easy death. 'May there be no moaning' sounds like 'May there be no mourning'.</div><div><br /></div><div><iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/2sDsUNFCUuo" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/2sDsUNFCUuo/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe>x</div><div><br /></div><b>'But such a tide as moving seems asleep,<br /> Too full for sound and foam,<br />When that which drew from out the boundless deep<br /> Turns again home.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Here Epstein finds echoes in 'you're turning' 627.02 and 'Home!' 627.24</div><div><br /></div><div>Epstein says that this verse 'describes exactly the pilgrimage of Anna Livia; she once came out of her great father the Sea, and now she is turning again for home.'</div><div><br /><div><b>'old it's sad and weary' </b>and <b>'cold mad feary' </b>derive from 'bold and bad and bleary' on the previous page:</div><div><b><br /></b></div>
<b>'For all the bold and bad and bleary they are blamed, the seahags.' 627.25</b><br /><div><br /></div><div><b>'moyles and moyles of it'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>'miles and miles' said in a Dublin accent.</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>The Sea of Moyle is the north channel of the Irish Sea, between Antrim and Scotland, which appears <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMpai2_jjjM">in a song by Thomas Moore.</a></div><div><br /></div><b>Silent, oh Moyle! be the roar of thy water,<br />Break not, ye breezes, your chain of repose<br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b><div>Joyce described this in a letter to Giorgio as 'that part of the Irish Sea which is now called St George's Channel.' (LIII 339)<br /><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">The sea is more usually called a mother and, in his first draft, Joyce included both parents:</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><b>'And its old and old it's weary I go back to you,<br />my cold father,<br />mother,<br />and old it's sad & weary mother<br />I go back to you,<br />my cold father<br />my cold mad father<br />My cold mad bleary father,<br />till the sight of him makes me saltsick<br />and I rush into your arms'</b><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><a href="https://www.jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/FF/app/chkta.htm">VI.B.47.p40 (quoted by by Rose and O'Hanlon in the JJ Digital Archive)</a></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><b>'-- God, he said quietly. Isn't the sea what Algy calls it: a great sweet mother? The snotgreen sea. The scrotumtightening sea. <i>Epi oinopa ponton</i>. Ah, Dedalus, the Greeks. I must teach you. You must read them in the original. Thalatta! Thalatta! She is our great sweet mother. Come and look.<br /><br />Stephen stood up and went over to the parapet. Leaning on it he looked down on the water and on the mailboat clearing the harbour mouth of Kingstown.<br /><br />-- Our mighty mother, Buck Mulligan said.'</b><div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Mulligan is quoting Swinburne's 'The Triumph of Time', which is the source of Anna's 'I go back to you':</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQj6f_96x1aoK6fDfuUlnfE-Y9_NnqHsAEGilYdaw-2YO7nSPNWm0ZGcuc-zwAWAl-mCw9R7OD12p5wpBInfbQG7xReRkimEs4U5MYRCQUoPHSxOuYQxWHlxmtESH8WTp_mS8WT90F_YA/s1600/swinburne.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="786" data-original-width="540" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQj6f_96x1aoK6fDfuUlnfE-Y9_NnqHsAEGilYdaw-2YO7nSPNWm0ZGcuc-zwAWAl-mCw9R7OD12p5wpBInfbQG7xReRkimEs4U5MYRCQUoPHSxOuYQxWHlxmtESH8WTp_mS8WT90F_YA/s320/swinburne.jpg" width="219" /></a><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">'</span>I will go back to the great sweet mother,</b><b><br /></b><div style="padding-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em;"><b> Mother and lover of men, the sea.</b></div><div style="padding-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em;"><b>I will go down to her, I and none other,</b></div><b> Close with her, kiss her and mix her with me;<br /></b><div style="padding-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em;"><b>Cling to her, strive with her, hold her fast:</b></div><div style="padding-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em;"><b>O fair white mother, in days long past</b></div><div style="padding-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em;"><b>Born without sister, born without brother,</b></div><b> Set free my soul as thy soul is free.<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">'</span></b></div><div></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">'The Triumph of Time'</span></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>'Swinburne's <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">central emotional drive was the need to worship and achieve an ecstat<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">i</span>c loss of self. As a boy he expressed this drive through enco<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">u</span>nters with the sea.'</span></b></span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Rikky Rooksby, <i>Swinburne: A Poet's Life, </i>Routledge, 1997</div><div><i><br /></i></div><div>Elsewhere Joyce turns Swinburne into 'Swimbourne':</div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">cf</span> 'slept the sleep of the swimbourne in the one sweet undulan<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">t mother of tumblerbunks' 41.06</span></span></b></div><div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Joyce's sea is not sweet but bitter and cold as death. It makes Anna 'seasalt saltsick', like the 'bowl of bitter waters' that Stephen sees when he looks at the sea and thinks of his own mother's death.</div><div><br /></div><b>'he saw the sea hailed as a great sweet mother by the well-fed voice beside him. The ring of bay and skyline held a dull green mass of liquid. A bowl of white china had stood beside her deathbed holding the green sluggish bile which she had torn up from her rotting liver by fits of loud groaning vomiting.'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'It lay behind him, a bowl of bitter waters. Fergus' song: I sang it alone in the house, holding down the long dark chords. Her door was open: she wanted to hear my music. Silent with awe and pity I went to her bedside. She was crying in her wretched bed. For those words, Stephen: love's bitter mystery.'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Telemachus</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><h4 style="text-align: left;">PRONGS OF THE SEA</h4><div><br /></div><div><b>'I rush, my only, into your arms. I see them rising! Save me from those therrble prongs! </b><b>Two more. Onetwo moremens more. </b><b>'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZIS39smQ9IMlq_vQHMmMXIxkH3lC-yPEPOGw95lzR5vDMY3MGNE_vMgS4SXPyrW4HiGiBxN2BjwhBBR5qXCrAka4YM72vvNa3lD0rmhHK30hsD3a2_Zd65vaAy_qAmAGZlgDPEwVg-w8/s746/Screenshot+2021-04-21+at+12.39.15.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="537" data-original-width="746" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZIS39smQ9IMlq_vQHMmMXIxkH3lC-yPEPOGw95lzR5vDMY3MGNE_vMgS4SXPyrW4HiGiBxN2BjwhBBR5qXCrAka4YM72vvNa3lD0rmhHK30hsD3a2_Zd65vaAy_qAmAGZlgDPEwVg-w8/s320/Screenshot+2021-04-21+at+12.39.15.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Mosaic of Neptune from Palermo</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br />The arms are rising waves, the prongs of Neptune's trident (triple prongs) and Dublin's Bull Wall and South Wall which stick out into the sea. </div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiasf5WNUa6A_OzllUu4k1e7irHWcPCan-bXWa7MH8U2TamBkINiy-A6sGCAZhyiYgrwrm_C5v_NRCjAVq8btnaMq-0yX8vy6FW2yVZ3s46Pcq8U-CTSQ-RR8imM1k0p77P5cBiUDg1W8I/s998/liffey+walls.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="343" data-original-width="998" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiasf5WNUa6A_OzllUu4k1e7irHWcPCan-bXWa7MH8U2TamBkINiy-A6sGCAZhyiYgrwrm_C5v_NRCjAVq8btnaMq-0yX8vy6FW2yVZ3s46Pcq8U-CTSQ-RR8imM1k0p77P5cBiUDg1W8I/w640-h221/liffey+walls.png" width="640" /></a></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">'Moremens' are mermen and 'An Mhuir Mheann', the limpid sea, another name for the Irish Sea. <div><br /></div><div><b>Avelaval.</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>'Ave atque vale' - Hail and farewell, from Catullus' <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catullus_101">elegy on his dead brother</a>. </div><div><br /></div><div>Paul Devine tells me that '<i>Hail and Farewell, Ave, Salve, Vale,</i> from George Moore has also been cited as a possible source.'</div><div><br /></div><div>'L'aval' is 'downstream' in French. Fweet suggests the Hebrew 'havel havalim': vanity of vanities in <i>Ecclesiastes</i>.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>'</b><b>My leaves have drifted from me. All. But one clings still. I’ll bear it on me. To remind me of. Lff!'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>The flowing Liffey has been carrying autumn leaves, which are also the pages of the book that fall away as we read the final monologue:</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>'Soft morning, city! Lsp! I am leafy speafing. Lpf!....Only a leaf, just a leaf and then leaves....I am Leafy, your goolden...' 619.</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Only one leaf is left - the final page. She carries it to remind her of life.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'So soft this morning ours.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div>The first words of the monologue are 'Soft morning, city!' 619.20<br /><b>'It is the softest morning that ever I can ever remember me'</b> 621.08<br /><b>'Softly so.'</b> 624.21<br /><div><br /></div></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr"><div>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">There's a shift of perspective from carrying to being carried. As she hits the wide sea, she reverts to childhood, and is now herself being carried by her cold mad feary father - the sea. This brings back a childhood memory of being carried through a toy fair.</span></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>'Carry me along, taddy, like you done through the toy fair!'</b></span></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b> </b></span></div>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">This line is based on a memory of Maria Jolas, which she describes in the wonderful opening of <i>A Woman of Action – A Memoir and Other Writings</i> (2004).<br /><br /><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlpNyUXRPsbCYaOU8jHuOugY1QaQc4sBn-UdYQB9gP8BuHr2nULrJrQMpDocqixG1vkjfFwXVJfGzGWBrFqjXQB8_VJMa3oGXQqeUcLjtbPy6IyR1XWk-SmSP2Na3TXUOaswXCoubKgFc/s470/jolas.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="287" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlpNyUXRPsbCYaOU8jHuOugY1QaQc4sBn-UdYQB9gP8BuHr2nULrJrQMpDocqixG1vkjfFwXVJfGzGWBrFqjXQB8_VJMa3oGXQqeUcLjtbPy6IyR1XWk-SmSP2Na3TXUOaswXCoubKgFc/s320/jolas.png" /></a></div>'</b></span><b>'Carry me along, taddy, like you done through the toy fair!' </b><b>The
words are James Joyce's but the experience was mine, drawn from the
well of distant recall in the course of a dinner-table discussion: how
far back can memory reach?</b></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b> It was night, we were
walking along the acetylene lighted dusty 'midway' of the Jefferson
County Fair, on the outskirts of Louisville Kentucky. I was perched on
my tall young father's broad shoulders, my legs dangling onto his chest,
hands clasping his head. Was mother with us? Were there two older
children walking beside us? Was there a younger sister or a new baby at
home? Perhaps, indeed, probably, but I have no recollection of their
existence at that time. Dazzled by the lights, the noisy crowds, the
garish booths lining each side of the road, with the broad night sky
above, and, beneath me, my father's safe shoulders, I was unaware of
everything but my own bliss. Joyce used my 'ride' in a 'minor key' at
the very end of Finnegans Wake, when the approach of night was leading
him to seek again the warmest, surest haven he had known, that of his
own father, his 'mad-feary' father's unswerving love.</b></span></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b> Today, with my eightieth birthday well behind me, other happy things well up to the surface....'</b></span></div><br />Maria Jolas <i>A Woman of Action – A Memoir and Other Writings</i> (2004) p 9<div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Richard Ellmann
claimed the line was 'inspired by a memory of carrying his son George
through a toy fair in Trieste to make up for not giving him a rocking
horse' - but gave no source for the story. </span> </div><div> </div><div>Adaline Glasheen, who was told the Jolas story by Hugh Kenner, provides the source of Ellmann's version: <br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Dear Hugh my doesn't the world of Joycean fact slip like soap, slither like dreams. Maria Jolas says it was her toy-fair. Helen Joyce told me that Giorgio [Joyce] told her it was his toy-fair in Trieste, through which his father carried him.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Adaline Glasheen to Hugh Kenner, 1 September 1977, Burns (ed), <i>A Passion for Joyce: The Letters of Hugh Kenner and Adaline Glasheen</i>, University College Dublin Press, 2008, p268<br /></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCq3ARw4YzgIpE-gEnm-gF6XFYOhvKUHNMm1tJR-ECIkCQMjrGYBZyS1Dcco7WIrXPPYT4aF-jtisYza5VkGBKOzs0u-SUX4ffP7WEvtXvnwnW47a90RPwekuueJyKc6jcMw2qwccOXh4/s1600/joyce+family.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="525" data-original-width="486" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCq3ARw4YzgIpE-gEnm-gF6XFYOhvKUHNMm1tJR-ECIkCQMjrGYBZyS1Dcco7WIrXPPYT4aF-jtisYza5VkGBKOzs0u-SUX4ffP7WEvtXvnwnW47a90RPwekuueJyKc6jcMw2qwccOXh4/s320/joyce+family.png" width="296" /></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">I like Maria Jolas's description of Joyce's feelings for his own father here too. <i>Finnegans Wake</i> can be read partly as a tribute to him. He's the main model for H.C.Earwicker who, in Joyce's earliest notes, was simply called 'Pop'.</span></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwkQeyeuRzY8x696sWkSLM0RS7PrbVhiFUFkl9sAkZTy1mkhYaKh7E80q_mUCMIuGm_9gCpUBCDdyI4nwkGxy3XhQ-76fuesbyiBs8sf5aq2BFwimsNKOUmxN2FMd910TWEOK_bw_6hu8/s1600/pop.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="924" data-original-width="1600" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwkQeyeuRzY8x696sWkSLM0RS7PrbVhiFUFkl9sAkZTy1mkhYaKh7E80q_mUCMIuGm_9gCpUBCDdyI4nwkGxy3XhQ-76fuesbyiBs8sf5aq2BFwimsNKOUmxN2FMd910TWEOK_bw_6hu8/w320-h184/pop.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/jamesjoyce/catalog/vi-finnegans-wake/vib3/"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joyce<i>'s </i>VI B 3 notebook, compiled in 1923</span></a></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">All our fathers are included too, since <i>Finnegans Wake</i> is, as <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2016/06/who-is-dreaming-finnegans-wake.html">J.S Atherton wrote, </a><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2016/06/who-is-dreaming-finnegans-wake.html">'</a><a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2016/06/who-is-dreaming-finnegans-wake.html">everyone’s dream, the dream of all the living and the dead'</a>. </span></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">In 2008, when our online group first read this page, the <a href="https://fadograph.wordpress.com/in-the-muddle-is-the-sounddance-another-introduction-to-the-reading-of-finnegans-wake-by-karl-reisman/">late Karl Reisman</a> commented:</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><b>'You know, the Carry me along, taddy is nothing like the opening of Portrait and yet when I read the end of FW I keep hearing Portrait in this line. Is that just my crazyness?'</b><br /><br />Dominique (Cachou Le Pitou) answered:</div><div><br /><b>'No Karl, not crazy, it's baby tuckoo, the moocow, and the Mississippi Hare coming for to carry us home.'</b></div></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">'<b>If I seen him bearing down on me now under whitespread wings like he’d come from Arkangels, I sink I’d die down over his feet, humbly dumbly, only to washup.'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">This is the most mysterious part of the ending. Anna's mind is disintegrating, and this feels like an hallucination in which father, husband, the white waves of the sea and an angel of death are jumbled together. <a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798908/m2/1/high_res_d/vol11-no1-49.pdf">Angels often appear in near-death experiences</a>.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">There's also the river water sinking under the sea ('I sink I'd die') and then washing up (also wake up and worship). 'Wash up' is US slang for ending something, says the OED quoting:</div><br /><b>'The stage manager called out: ‘What will I do with this act, Mr. Ziegfeld?’ ‘Wash up him and the bird,’ said Flo [Ziegfeld] and that was the last of the Italian and his trained canary... Hype Igoe, the World's sporting writer, heard of the incident..and in commenting..upon Frank Moran, heavy weight pugilist, advised that matchmakers ‘wash him up’. The phrase caught the sporting fancy..and has become a colloquial fixture..as a meaty synonym for finals and farewell.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><i>The World</i>, 25 October 1925</div><div><br /></div><div>I wonder if Joyce knew that.<br /><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Arkhangelsk was the chief seaport of medieval Russia. Like Dublin, it lies on both banks of a river beside a sea. A local legend, shown on its coat of arms, claims that the Archangel Michael defeated the devil here. </div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifAyASc28CppCDPC-R5Ji2FG_zriacOj8Z5FgUJ5TKq2DolDPLN3XNizSuRdJafaeHI70Hoz8kNwOkdvuVkG_pglkHTUA4RuWEXO3BnxRleDKK2dPB3-yW0HAVn1FG00lY7vWkP-UZMyA/s600/archangel.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="554" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifAyASc28CppCDPC-R5Ji2FG_zriacOj8Z5FgUJ5TKq2DolDPLN3XNizSuRdJafaeHI70Hoz8kNwOkdvuVkG_pglkHTUA4RuWEXO3BnxRleDKK2dPB3-yW0HAVn1FG00lY7vWkP-UZMyA/s320/archangel.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">'whitespread wings'</td></tr></tbody></table><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><b>'I seen'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Anna speaks as a working-class Dubliner, like the constable in <i>Ulysses</i>, who tells Corny Kellaher 'I seen that particular party last evening.' The 'him' and 'his' reminds me of Molly Bloom's monologue, where all men are simply 'he'.</div><div><br /></div><div>I've found white wings and the sea in another poem of Swinburne:<br /><br /><b>'The keen white-winged north-easter<br />That stings and spurs thy sea'</b><br /><br /><a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45305/a-swimmers-dream">'A Swimmer's Dream'</a><div><b><br /></b></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">But there's also a sentimental song:</span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>''White Wings" they never grow weary,<br />They carry me cheerily over the sea.<br />Night comes, I long for my dearie,<br />I'll spread out my "White Wings"<br />And sail home to thee.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div><iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/7vDjeQwjygw" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7vDjeQwjygw/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div>Maybe there's another echo of Yeats's 'who goes with Fergus?' sung by Stephen to his dying mother:</div><div><b><br /></b></div><b>'White breast of the dim sea. The twining stresses, two by two. A hand plucking the harpstrings merging their twining chords. Wavewhite wedded words shimmering on the dim tide.'</b><br /><br />Telemachus<br /><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">
Any other ideas?</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'We pass through grass behush the bush to.'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">This part is left over from <a href="https://jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/te/ted0.htm">Joyce's first version of the ending</a>:</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span face=""Quattrocento Sans", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 30px;"><br /></span></div><b>'For I feel I could faint. Here weir, reach, island, bridge. There! That's what cockles the hearty! A bit beside the bush and then a walk along the<br /><br />Paris,<br />1922—1938.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>As in the published version the A and L of 'along' is completed by the P of 'Paris', giving us Anna's initials - matching the HCE of the book's opening. But it's interesting that Joyce, who had <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2014/05/the-sentence-it-took-joyce-twelve-years.html">written the second part of the sentence twelve years earlier</a>, did not then know how it would begin.</div><div><br /></div><div>On the third typescript, he crossed that ending out and moved the 'pass through grass' phrase back to this position. He changed 'beside' to 'behush' continuing the rushing sounds of the sea and 'hush'. </div><div><br /></div><div>'Here, weir...' was moved back to 626.97 but 'That's what cockles the hearty!' disappeared from the text.<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>'Far calls. Coming, far!'</b></span></span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Father calls and Anna answers, "I'm coming father!' These are also the calls of the gulls and a lighthouse (Phare in French). In our online group, <a href="http://www.rosenlake.net/fw/">Eric Rosenbloom</a> commented, <b>'</b></span></span><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">a word for sea in Irish is farraige, stress on 'farr'. </span></span> It's a 'feminine' noun.'</b></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The phrase is the title of one of Toru Takemitsu's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dru_Takemitsu#Later_works:_the_sea_of_tonality">lovely 'tonal sea' pieces</a>. Thank you Steven Eric Scribner for sharing this on Facebook.</span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/6OCBEikSg0Q" width="480"></iframe></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'End here. Us then. Finn, again! Take.'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Finn is Finn MacCool, HCE as the sleeping giant of Dublin. Finn is also Fin (end). These seven words recreate the final sentence's movement from ALP at the end to HCE (again!) on the opening page.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Joyce is giving us a clue to the book's title, still a secret when he wrote these words. 'Take' - it's an offering.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'Bussoftlhee'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">But softly.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Soft again but now with Shakespearian meaning of 'wait' (or 'quiet' as in 'behush' above).</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><b>'But soft! methinks I scent the morning air'</b> Hamlet.<br /><b>'But soft! What light through yonder window breaks?'</b> Romeo and Juliet</div><div><span face="arial, sans-serif" style="color: #4d5156;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'But soft! ' </b>462.25<br /><b>'Adieu, soft adieu' </b>563.35</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">A buss is a kiss, which shortly follows.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b> </b></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'mememormee!'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Remember me! and 'me me more me' - an attempt to hold on to her identity. Remembering and forgetting <a href="http://www.fweet.org/cgi-bin/fw_grep.cgi?i=1&o=1&c=1&a=1&b=1&s=_C,ForgetRemember_">runs through the e</a>nding.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div>Balfe's 'Then You'll Remember Me' from <i>The Bohemian Girl</i> starts with 'other lips'.<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/zqlh6VhR2WY" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zqlh6VhR2WY/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">In his introduction to the Oxford paperback edition, 'mememormee' is the only word from the final page quoted by Finn Fordham, who describes the ending as a 'death aria'.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">The word recalls Dido's lament ('when I am laid in earth') from Purcell's <i>Dido and Aeneas</i>:</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'Remember me, remember me, but ah! forget my fate.<br />Remember me, but ah! forget my fate.'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /><div class="songline" id="line-2-5-9" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: dinregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">In Purcell's opera, the aria is followed by a chorus with more wings:</div><div class="songline" id="line-2-5-9" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: dinregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br /></div><b>'With drooping wings ye cupids come,<br />and scatter roses on her tomb,<br />soft and gentle as her heart;<br />Keep here your watch, and never part'</b><br /><div class="songline" id="line-2-5-9" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: dinregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br /></div><div class="songline" id="line-2-5-9" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: dinregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/D_50zj7J50U" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/D_50zj7J50U/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe></div></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'till thousndsthee'</b></div></div><br /><b>'in this scherzarade of one’s thousand one nightinesses'</b> 51.04<br /><b>'And into the river that had been a stream (for a thousand of tears had gone eon her and come on her...'</b> 159.10<br /><b>'We’ve heard it sinse sung thousandtimes.' </b>338.01<br /><b>'one thousand and one other blessings will now concloose thoose epoostles'</b> 617.04<br /><b>'A hundred cares, a tithe of troubles and is there one who understands me? One in a thousand of years of the nights?' </b>627.14<br />
<div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b>'Lps. The keys to. Given!'</b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Some readers read this as a message from Joyce that he has given us the keys to reading <i>Finnegans Wake</i>.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>'Lps' are lips, and the keys are also a kiss - the key in a kiss given by Arrah Na-Pogue (Arrah of the kiss) in Boucicault's play. </div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><b>'in the good old bygone days of Dion Boucicault, the elder, in Arrah-na-pogue, in the otherworld of the passing of the key of Two-tongue Common' </b>385.02<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: AGaramondPro; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">J.S.Atherton explains the allusion in his brilliant <i>Books at the Wake</i>:</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-jGzPRlEmr1CuQSLmF3bEdVa4tJw3GWWrYr749JRx9wtLG7Huy4wUc0kcnbtGPWHm2OsTsv9Ca4PlAaiPbDknJ-Gd_rsf6WlipDZ-Mr-gV5A5-6fp_u1CBj8UimCM0G3U0259QRMwAnM/s2048/DSC_2511.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1345" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-jGzPRlEmr1CuQSLmF3bEdVa4tJw3GWWrYr749JRx9wtLG7Huy4wUc0kcnbtGPWHm2OsTsv9Ca4PlAaiPbDknJ-Gd_rsf6WlipDZ-Mr-gV5A5-6fp_u1CBj8UimCM0G3U0259QRMwAnM/w420-h640/DSC_2511.jpeg" width="420" /></a></div><br /><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">This is also mentioned in the lessons chapter, by Issy:</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><b>'If it’s me chews to swallow all you saidn’t you can eat my words for it as sure as there’s a key in my kiss.'</b> 279.F06</div><div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">In <a href="https://www.jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/te/ted3.htm">the earlier version</a> there's a clearer sense of keys as a reciprocal gift of love:</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><b>'How you said you'd give me the keys of my heart. Only now it's me who's got to give...The keys to. Given!'</b></div><div><br /></div><div><div>But the first sentence above was moved back to 626.30.</div></div><div><br /></div><div><b>'I will give you the keys of my heart'</b> is a line from 'The keys of heaven' ( which sounds like 'The keys to. Given!'). </div><div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/FVZhHldwmOU" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/FVZhHldwmOU/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />In <i>The Sleeping Beauty</i>, the heroine is awakened by a kiss, referred to a few pages earlier in Anna's letter:</div><div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><b>'That was the prick of the spindle to me that gave me the keys to dreamland.'</b> 614.28</div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">THE FINAL SENTENCE</h4><div><br /></div><div><b>'A way a lone a lost a last a loved a long the'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>This is what Joyce wrote, but Faber's typesetters managed to lose 'a lost'!</div><div><br /></div></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><div>The last words were prefigured in 'The Dead':<br /><br />'How pleasant it would be to walk out <b>alone</b>, first <b>along </b>by the river and then through the park!'<br /><br />Joyce talked about that final 'the' with Louis Gillet:</div><div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /><b>'In Ulysses, to depict the babbling of a woman going to sleep, I had sought to end with the least forceful word I could possibly find. I had found the word 'yes', which is barely pronounced, which denotes acquiescence, self-abandon, relaxation, the end of all resistance. In Work in Progress, I've tried to do better if I could. This time, I have found the word which is most slippery, the least accented, the weakest word in English, a word which is not even a word, which is scarcely sounded between the teeth, a breath, a nothing, the article the.'</b><br /><br />Louis Gillet, Stèle pour James Joyce, Marseille 1941, pp.164-65</div></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">For a whole essay on the final word, see Jim Le Blanc's<a href="http://hjs.ff.cuni.cz/archives/v2/leblanc/index.html"> 'The Closing Word of Finnegans Wake', in Hypermedia Joyce Studies.</a></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">But the last page doesn't end there.</div></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDbKq781Jbsk-iIhctGXN2bWM1WnkpuGUWUD-kjuuSej4DXn2awlccTo961rxDXHbCHP1Y6n2rSip3dQGmbtWO1WiyXToX9fTNGrn8jWOIVlM2fvCUbI2UNquGwocBp6rQCqfAE8H7n1I/s1495/DSC_2510.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="901" data-original-width="1495" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDbKq781Jbsk-iIhctGXN2bWM1WnkpuGUWUD-kjuuSej4DXn2awlccTo961rxDXHbCHP1Y6n2rSip3dQGmbtWO1WiyXToX9fTNGrn8jWOIVlM2fvCUbI2UNquGwocBp6rQCqfAE8H7n1I/s320/DSC_2510.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Joyce liked to end his novels with a colophon ('finishing touch' in Greek) giving places of composition. This is how <i>A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man</i> ends, with another invocation of a mythical father.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibGwsbtZ6ZMkxYyEFf2dE4Ob0LJGaaTPx6kJNLz8l8GDzM_Vpz3AmdfYCw8v8vYI-b5oSrR7dE6oABITwfik9I0qMCOBkeNfKGsrWxNEwce_M8pO6p2AHHxCI9aCqxB7b5w-YIHpQhEQs/s2847/DSC_2508.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1105" data-original-width="2847" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibGwsbtZ6ZMkxYyEFf2dE4Ob0LJGaaTPx6kJNLz8l8GDzM_Vpz3AmdfYCw8v8vYI-b5oSrR7dE6oABITwfik9I0qMCOBkeNfKGsrWxNEwce_M8pO6p2AHHxCI9aCqxB7b5w-YIHpQhEQs/w400-h155/DSC_2508.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div>And here's <i>Ulysses</i>.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMWULTc8S5A0KU93X4rDdQu8kGbAlhUAysqxU97IQNHFbGFoKaj7O13Hdxy77sFtmsFSE5jiPD_An7k0-UQxmo7E7t_zUpj_fmQ9otk-UFDxkChh1H0fi22GzXyX-t0LHGMXiNTjS2AVk/s3738/DSC_2507.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="841" data-original-width="3738" height="90" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMWULTc8S5A0KU93X4rDdQu8kGbAlhUAysqxU97IQNHFbGFoKaj7O13Hdxy77sFtmsFSE5jiPD_An7k0-UQxmo7E7t_zUpj_fmQ9otk-UFDxkChh1H0fi22GzXyX-t0LHGMXiNTjS2AVk/w400-h90/DSC_2507.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div>With <i>Finnegans Wake</i>, Joyce could have written <b>'a colophon of no fewer than seven hundred and thirty two strokes tailed by a leaping lasso'</b> (123.05) for he wrote the book in Nice, Paris, Bognor Regis, Tours, Saint-Malo, Ostend, Antwerp, London, The Hague, Brussels, Amsterdam, Rouen, Zurich, Le Havre, Torquay, Llandudno, Hamburg, Copenhagen and several other places – see the list of his addresses in Danis Rose's <i>Textual Diaries of James Joyce</i>. </div><div><br /></div><div>But he needed just 'Paris' for Anna Livia Plurabelle's inititals.</div><div><br /></div><div>The date was '1922-1938' until<a href="https://www.jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/te/ted7.htm"> January 1939, when Joyce changed the second date while correcting the galleys.</a></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><br /></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">'WE CANNOT IMAGINE A FITTER SWAN SONG'</h4><div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div>Writing after his friend's death in 1941, Frank Budgen compared the ending with 'The Dead':<br /> <br /><b>'The key of <i>Ulysses </i>is too bright, its movement too rapid for that pity and reconciliation which provide the magical end of the story, 'The Dead', to have any part in it, but that same human element expressed with yet greater artistry does return in the last pages of <i>Finnegans Wake</i> when Anna Livia goes forth by day, as a woman (wife and mother, representative of all flesh) to join the countless generations of the dead, as a river to become one with the god, her father Ocean....The last work of Joyce ends, as did his first, in the contemplation of the mystery of death. In both cases the rebellious pity of the human heart finds in the beauty of a constant element of nature — in the one falling snow, in the other smooth gliding water — the symbol and the instrument of reconciliation with human destiny. We had hoped for further years and other labours. We cannot imagine a fitter swan song.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>'Chapters of Going Forth by Day', <i>James Joyce and the making of Ulysses</i>,<i> </i>OUP, 1972, p 341-2</div><div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><div><br /></div><div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Paul Léon wrote that writing the ending for Joyce was a 'veritable deliverance':</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><b>'This postscript had probably been carried in its completed form for many years in the prodigious brain that engendered it. The first version, which was only about two a half pages long, was written in one afternoon, in December 1938. It was a veritable deliverance. Joyce brought it with him when we met that evening for his usual half-past eight rendez-vous in Madame Lapeyre's pleasant bistrot, on the corner of the Rue de Grenelle and the Rue de Bourgogne...'</b><br /><br />'In Memory of Joyce', Poésie No V (1942), reprinted in <i>James Joyce Volume 2: The Critical Heritage</i>, (ed Robert Deming)</div><div><br /></div><div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Eugene Jolas described the 'profound anguish' Joyce felt at writing this ending:</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><b><span face="Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">'For Joyce himself, <i>Finnegans Wake</i> had prophetic significance. Finn MacCool, the Finnish-Norwegian-Irish hero of the tale, seemed to him to be coming alive again after the publication of the book, and in a letter from France I received from him last spring, he said: '...It is strange, however, that after publication of my book, Finland came into the foreground suddenly'....'Prophetic too, were the last pages of my book,...'he added in the same letter. The last pages, that had cost him such profound anguish at the time of their writing. 'I felt so completely exhausted,' he told me when it was done, 'as if all the blood had run out of my brain. I sat for a long while on a street bench, unable to move....'</span><br /><span face="Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> 'And it’s old and old it’s sad and old it’s sad and weary I go back to you, my cold father, my cold mad father, my cold mad feary father, till the near sight of the mere size of him, the moyles and moyles of it, moananoaning, makes me seasilt saltsick and I rush, my only, into your arms.'</span><br /><span face="Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> There was no turning back after these lines, my friend. You knew it well. Adew!'</span></b><br /><br /><span face="Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Eugene Jolas, 'My Friend James Joyce', Sean Givens (ed) <i>James Joyce: Two Decades of Criticism</i>, Vanguard Press, 1948, p17-18</span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span face="Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><br /></span></div><b>'My daughter-in-law staged a marvellous banquet for my last birthday and read the closing pages on the passing-out of Anna Livia — to a seemingly much affected audience. Alas, if you ever read them you will see they were unconsciously prophetical!'</b><br /><br />To Constantine Curran, 11 February 1940, <i>Letters</i>, p 408<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><span face="Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Did Joyce mean that he believed he was prophesying the death of European civilization? Or did he imagine that his own life was coming to an end?</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">'<b>when the approach of night was leading him to seek again the warmest, surest haven he had known' </b></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Maria Jolas</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvpe9euBcdYIZethshwx6M5DTPCgn_AcZ75xXVvJj0BqB46uAjT6yl8kXmzydNCmR5s-hSeMZ1njNYXQfLwSWlSxn8Ur9kPC7M-NB6lDG9x9vEcxarOki21ZNeSdvTxNEpFm9CfajVOsY/s2048/DSC_2405.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1346" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvpe9euBcdYIZethshwx6M5DTPCgn_AcZ75xXVvJj0BqB46uAjT6yl8kXmzydNCmR5s-hSeMZ1njNYXQfLwSWlSxn8Ur9kPC7M-NB6lDG9x9vEcxarOki21ZNeSdvTxNEpFm9CfajVOsY/w263-h400/DSC_2405.jpeg" width="263" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div>For a lovely creative reading of the final monologue, see Orlando Mezzabotta's 'ALP's reGrettas or HCE's Dämnerung' <a href="http://www.ormezza.it/AVVIO/FIN/Annotations/IV.1/ALP's%20reGrettas.pdf">which is online here</a>.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">For the rest of the 'suspended sentence' (106.13) which continues on the opening page, see my post,<a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2014/05/the-sentence-it-took-joyce-twelve-years.html"> 'The sentence it took Joyce twelve years to write'</a>.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /><br /></div>
</div></div></div></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-80200925046880138072021-03-05T16:43:00.037+00:002021-03-09T11:27:02.150+00:00The last novel read by James Joyce<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfGDD_TDoGYh-FG7p0UytSNQqn__f4qW44j8VnMvSAxMqBLOy3Po5asRiR-I0GJxFwq1g2K0-dNRJ8LunIZ7m481T03WLbFNhpxCVVY_bh6uAqwPCJYn1S068ZeeaxuymxZ-tUwjF2ZIc/s1253/flann+badge.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1214" data-original-width="1253" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfGDD_TDoGYh-FG7p0UytSNQqn__f4qW44j8VnMvSAxMqBLOy3Po5asRiR-I0GJxFwq1g2K0-dNRJ8LunIZ7m481T03WLbFNhpxCVVY_bh6uAqwPCJYn1S068ZeeaxuymxZ-tUwjF2ZIc/w400-h388/flann+badge.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Here's a lovely Flann O'Brien badge from the fantastic <a href="https://podtail.com/en/podcast/three-castles-burning/">Three Castles Burning Dublin history podcast</a>. It was a present from my Dublin friend Alfreda O'Brien (a genuine O'Brien, unlike Brian O'Nolan – follow her on Twitter @DublinAffair).<div><br /></div><div><b>'When things go wrong and will not come right<br />Though you do the best you can<br />When life looks black as the hour of night<br />A pint of plain is your only man'</b><br /><p></p><p>That's from Flann O'Brien's first masterpiece, <i>At Swim-Two-Birds</i>, which was the last novel that James Joyce read. It was published on 3 March 1939, just two months before <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. </p><p>The story of how Joyce came to read the book is told in a letter of 1 May 1939 from Brian O'Nolan to Eric Gillett, literary adviser to Longmans, his publishers. I have a photocopy of the letter which Sue Asbee gave me in the early 80s, when we were both postgraduate students at Queen Mary College London.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg-ATg9zNtMvsXE4sCRNhzHrIBTo7THfIU2CnB-aqH6WftiQWEPXfVG2dB8IGOmBoHDd240lpYGqrGa903MxR7n2zR1JZ8q55ovrmL4YzOsf-TxX7VDcuP4_W6n4wZfXKvwaSsfXWuHBs/s2048/letters.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1071" data-original-width="2048" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg-ATg9zNtMvsXE4sCRNhzHrIBTo7THfIU2CnB-aqH6WftiQWEPXfVG2dB8IGOmBoHDd240lpYGqrGa903MxR7n2zR1JZ8q55ovrmL4YzOsf-TxX7VDcuP4_W6n4wZfXKvwaSsfXWuHBs/w400-h209/letters.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><p>Sue wrote on the back, 'Peter - this is copyright material! Read it with care!' But it's now been published in the new <i><a href="https://www.dalkeyarchive.com/product/the-collected-letters-of-flann-obrien-2/">Collected Letters</a></i>, so I think it's ok to share it now.</p><p>O'Nolan adds an apostrophe to <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. This was an easy mistake to make, since the book would not be published until 4 May. Joyce did have the book 'in his hand as he spoke' since he'd been given an advance copy on <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2014/05/happy-birthday-finnegans-wake.html">30 January, in time for his birthday party.</a></p><p>The friend who brought the book to Joyce was Niall Sheridan, who was at University College Dublin with O'Nolan. He appears as the character Brinsley in <i>At Swim-Two-Birds,</i> and he played a big role in the book's creation – cutting one fifth of the text according to his own account.</p><p>Here's how Anthony Cronin describes Sheridan in<i> No Laughing Matter: The Life and Times of Flann O'Brien</i>:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhrUEHgXH7CQ8jwDCxGYw6O0pObRmPKXH4Wr9DE53aZWi9kPSFr7Pxaf51m7T-M0jTvCGBlp7QmUEq5UCLlg2wOTZTRrPZzulyrXSULNEFKNcY9Gbk_Rj3vHFj2DpLFy85HegPs9Zi7dU/s2048/DSC_1965.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1363" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhrUEHgXH7CQ8jwDCxGYw6O0pObRmPKXH4Wr9DE53aZWi9kPSFr7Pxaf51m7T-M0jTvCGBlp7QmUEq5UCLlg2wOTZTRrPZzulyrXSULNEFKNcY9Gbk_Rj3vHFj2DpLFy85HegPs9Zi7dU/w400-h266/DSC_1965.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><p>It's fitting that Sheridan became a tipster. His interest in the horses features in <i>At Swim-Two-Birds</i>. A Newmarket racing tipster's letter ('This horse is my treble nap CAST-IRON PLUNGER') which he showed O'Nolan is quoted verbatim in the book.</p><p>In his essay, 'Brian, Flann and Myles' in <i>Myles: Portraits of Brian O'Nolan</i>, 1969, Sheridan records how 'Brian gleefully borrowed any material that came to hand.' </p><p>This was also James Joyce's attitude to writing <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. He told Eugene Jolas, 'Really it is not I who am writing this crazy book. It is you, and you, and you, and that man over there, and that girl at the next table.'</p><p>In his essay, Sheridan describes being part of a team of writers that O'Nolan assembled to 'manufacture' the Great Irish Novel, to be called <i>Children of Destiny</i>. It would be 'the first masterpiece of the Ready-Made or Reach-Me-Down
School’ of novel writing.' Sheridan's job was to write the book's climax, set in an All-Ireland Football Final at Croke Park. Sadly, the book never materialized.</p><p><a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/the-third-columnist-an-irishman-s-diary-about-the-unseen-collaborators-behind-myles-na-gcopaleen-and-flann-o-brien-1.3159304">In the Irish Times, the great Frank McNally described a talk by Dr Maeb Long which revealed </a>that, in 1939, Sheridan wrote a story with striking similarities to <i>The Third Policeman</i>. Called 'A Matter of Life and Death', it featured a murder with a bashed in skull and a police sergeant obsessed with the theft of bicycles.</p><h4 style="text-align: left;">SHERIDAN'S VERSION</h4><p>Sheridan gives his own version of his meeting with Joyce in 'Brian, Flann and Myles'.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilSR9Noy8-OTOR_5D6XanV-h-85qd-tXn8DhePq0sNyr2n7hHWn2ebJrCV_pMWLv8Nxm0nwdPCsDdyPhF11Ig0txnB16ysjSfYgtHQMmxVD7dBFcifghY4yXaVoBG-NKedhg4U-6BaHE4/s2048/NS1.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1629" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilSR9Noy8-OTOR_5D6XanV-h-85qd-tXn8DhePq0sNyr2n7hHWn2ebJrCV_pMWLv8Nxm0nwdPCsDdyPhF11Ig0txnB16ysjSfYgtHQMmxVD7dBFcifghY4yXaVoBG-NKedhg4U-6BaHE4/w510-h640/NS1.jpeg" width="510" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjlwEnzclo2pBKrLZoRrwz354LPDqpW_gGjxuoBsJoazSY3i8F2K7vAfEGWE-eOL48jkPgAH-SIPUkIeWKLW1NTeOkVT1j0WZFM06ERfYmsmRI_2hwnI1c5f90yrERkihRxTIHrQNgWZQ/s2048/ns+2.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1047" data-original-width="2048" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjlwEnzclo2pBKrLZoRrwz354LPDqpW_gGjxuoBsJoazSY3i8F2K7vAfEGWE-eOL48jkPgAH-SIPUkIeWKLW1NTeOkVT1j0WZFM06ERfYmsmRI_2hwnI1c5f90yrERkihRxTIHrQNgWZQ/w640-h328/ns+2.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Sheridan's 'looked forward to reading it' is contradicted by O'Nolan's 'had already read it'. O'Nolan's version is confirmed by a letter Sheridan wrote to MacGibbon and McKee when they reissued the book in 1960. Here he says he was 'amazed to find' that Joyce 'had already read it' (quoted by Cronin).</div><div><br /></div><div>If O'Nolan's letter is correctly dated, the visit must have taken place in April not May. Sheridan has forgotten the date of his own wedding!</div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">LAUGHING JEAN AND WEEPING JEAN</h4><div><br /></div><div>Although Joyce had not read a whole book for five years, he was familiar with Samuel Beckett's 1938 <i>Murphy</i> – Beckett may have read it to him in Paris. Beckett told his biographer James Knowlson that Joyce compared the two books, calling <i>At Swim-Two-Birds</i> 'Jean qui rit' while <i>Murphy was</i> 'Jean qui pleure' (letter of 8 January 1971, in J.Knowlson (ed), <i>Samuel Beckett, an exhibition</i>, Turret Books, 1971, p.29).</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiLUVYnCtDwg-_y3xJAEZK-bqZE_GBnqxuPaqAdyo1ZNyYjkYh_Oay22HIxSxO6qvz_WvNlaGbYKW4MiTl0o3I2qUDyETyt_C_f9cR7-5mRWU_5nwi8bkbyYKOxGwq6H-mzg3OXkiqBaA/s681/rit+2.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="589" data-original-width="681" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiLUVYnCtDwg-_y3xJAEZK-bqZE_GBnqxuPaqAdyo1ZNyYjkYh_Oay22HIxSxO6qvz_WvNlaGbYKW4MiTl0o3I2qUDyETyt_C_f9cR7-5mRWU_5nwi8bkbyYKOxGwq6H-mzg3OXkiqBaA/s320/rit+2.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">19th century busts of weeping Jean and laughing Jean</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>'Jean qui pleure et qui rit' is a 1772 poem by Voltaire about changing human emotions. There's also an 1865 children's book by the Countess of Segur about two cousins, an optimist and a pessimist.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfsYnCVbWk0FNLa5mWYYL7UFi-fu4riFSls0ps4fPV6LThs2kMqavB7GJr3TPg2KZXPUvGBn_fjoQC4HnHk4fZX7FZ4VQzT_hVl3IVyWE2VmmpNJ-n8b8j3e5PI3kHpUROFzztwI2cO_k/s490/Jean+qui+rit.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="490" data-original-width="329" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfsYnCVbWk0FNLa5mWYYL7UFi-fu4riFSls0ps4fPV6LThs2kMqavB7GJr3TPg2KZXPUvGBn_fjoQC4HnHk4fZX7FZ4VQzT_hVl3IVyWE2VmmpNJ-n8b8j3e5PI3kHpUROFzztwI2cO_k/s320/Jean+qui+rit.png" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>It's nice to think of the enjoyment that Joyce must have got from O'Brien's novel at such a dark time. I bet he laughed out loud when he got to the Ringsend cowboys.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'Up we went on our horses, cantering up Mountjoy Square with our hats tilted back on our heads and the sun in our eyes and our gun butts swinging in our holsters.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtJT_n-6TH-SFA6NiARSaw4raRCF4vn9_hxPQ4KBrfoqMUNNJA9K574upwamFEnbsCutAIZfhZJK4VB2iFkclqR4wwSgCt5a3QrnyuZczdfx2Hg6GCkzHCMw8WlSDLmfjCYtXe-MfWtW8/s2048/DSC_1972.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1936" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtJT_n-6TH-SFA6NiARSaw4raRCF4vn9_hxPQ4KBrfoqMUNNJA9K574upwamFEnbsCutAIZfhZJK4VB2iFkclqR4wwSgCt5a3QrnyuZczdfx2Hg6GCkzHCMw8WlSDLmfjCYtXe-MfWtW8/w378-h400/DSC_1972.jpeg" width="378" /></a></div><div><br /></div><b>'And away with us like the wind and us roaring and cursing out of us like men that were lit with whiskey, our steel-studded holsters swaying at our hips and the sheep-fur on our leg-chaps lying down like corn before a spring wind'</b><div><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi13hRhQ35tCpmebpucw1CGZFNw7_T2uofUln-D30DoDUL-Umq5byTdVMdnjlj1ThhPzpyHfehNJ9tlyI5QtUmQ7i6t300KoxwCDEVboDXCVnMKTTdcHaVWjlJ5rFVrHax6SR0CE5bT_mM/s2048/DSC_1973.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1487" data-original-width="2048" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi13hRhQ35tCpmebpucw1CGZFNw7_T2uofUln-D30DoDUL-Umq5byTdVMdnjlj1ThhPzpyHfehNJ9tlyI5QtUmQ7i6t300KoxwCDEVboDXCVnMKTTdcHaVWjlJ5rFVrHax6SR0CE5bT_mM/w400-h290/DSC_1973.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div> </div><div>Joyce, who said in 1939<a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2020/12/the-dream-of-hcearwicker.html"> that <i>Finnegans Wake</i> was the dream of Finn MacCool</a>, must also have been astonished to find that his giant was a character in Flann O'Brien's book. Finn appears on its opening page in a very Joycean passage:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'<i>The Third Opening</i>: Finn MacCool was a legendary
hero of old Ireland. Though not mentally robust, he was a man of
superb physique and development. Each of his thighs was as thick
as a horse’s belly, narrowing to a calf as thick as the belly
of a foal. Three fifties of fosterlings could engage with handball
against the wideness of his backside, which was wide enough to halt
the march of warriors through a mountain pass.' </b></div><div><br /></div><div>Despite the 'no publicity' promise given to Joyce, the first paperback edition, published in 1962 by Four Square Books, carried a testimonial from the great man. It's also on my Penguin paperback.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXYqKltNkHskGjpouZzXP2xk_NHl3qWJ5v2YC5qnaQUB2DOhXSJq8CGbrqvECxoprVc6NaGbACimcCgkXXFP0VRajRits0q9Q2Gqy2Gy-epJ0UAl6T6TDnjzAmAFmL7uxyXjhSK-7r-9o/s2048/DSC_1969.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1203" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXYqKltNkHskGjpouZzXP2xk_NHl3qWJ5v2YC5qnaQUB2DOhXSJq8CGbrqvECxoprVc6NaGbACimcCgkXXFP0VRajRits0q9Q2Gqy2Gy-epJ0UAl6T6TDnjzAmAFmL7uxyXjhSK-7r-9o/w376-h640/DSC_1969.jpeg" width="376" /></a></div><br />According to Cronin, the source of the quotation is a letter from Sheridan to the publisher Timothy O'Keefe. He must have had a lot more to say about what Joyce thought of the book. It's a shame that Joyce's letters to Sheridan have never been published.<div> <div>In his dedication, O'Nolan offered Joyce 'plenty of' 'diffidence of the author'. But his description of Joyce in the letter as 'the fuehrer' shows that his attitude to him was always ambivalent. Here's a final story, from Beckett, quoted in Cronin's biography.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRaa2MkpATte9H_jhBLbZv0foEUELrIImqnw9BTOYA6YdZuZNKE9Z8vkYz6TL6KTfHfbb_L3_I3KMAj_p7OaMLKyw5_Bl2JP3Hu91MFOv2iHbtFlf584ueJ1fzqxp4YeWAeTDujgNqnmo/s2048/DSC_1966.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1265" data-original-width="2048" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRaa2MkpATte9H_jhBLbZv0foEUELrIImqnw9BTOYA6YdZuZNKE9Z8vkYz6TL6KTfHfbb_L3_I3KMAj_p7OaMLKyw5_Bl2JP3Hu91MFOv2iHbtFlf584ueJ1fzqxp4YeWAeTDujgNqnmo/w400-h248/DSC_1966.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div>Ouch!</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv23chNDeZNQAcHzh0JVArKFAGKnCpRfRfZTtDAfRlrgA4ZBz3wG4Bw-IxP3HI0TolVEIB5DIOfKOwW8p7bhyFLtYmUhkMB0X2JEeygh3l5YDVSaJevIuq4TjiX_ScjUwcB0cgktGM7Fk/s2048/shelf.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1056" data-original-width="2048" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv23chNDeZNQAcHzh0JVArKFAGKnCpRfRfZTtDAfRlrgA4ZBz3wG4Bw-IxP3HI0TolVEIB5DIOfKOwW8p7bhyFLtYmUhkMB0X2JEeygh3l5YDVSaJevIuq4TjiX_ScjUwcB0cgktGM7Fk/w640-h330/shelf.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-54711964557230911752021-02-11T16:20:00.072+00:002023-09-09T08:26:08.646+01:00James Joyce, the dancing years<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKvhpMp6GL18z8f3JxSwUtnfFwIDWNAUTLYBAKCt9ajD0KAMayqnwUnd1HIucj91yU8-LiLKz5497YF8VB27W9jWR5E3WPpKJCT_GuqurygO50kziGasiaN1vLuO4upmSni4WUwZ_EWbQ/s2048/DSC_1897+%25281%2529.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKvhpMp6GL18z8f3JxSwUtnfFwIDWNAUTLYBAKCt9ajD0KAMayqnwUnd1HIucj91yU8-LiLKz5497YF8VB27W9jWR5E3WPpKJCT_GuqurygO50kziGasiaN1vLuO4upmSni4WUwZ_EWbQ/w300-h400/DSC_1897+%25281%2529.jpeg" width="300" /></a></div><br />Apart from being the greatest prose writer in world literature, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volta_Cinematograph">cinema pioneer</a>, and a <a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/homes-and-property/fine-art-antiques/michael-flatley-confirms-he-owns-medal-won-by-james-joyce-1.1833446#:~:text=Writer%20won%20bronze%20medal%20in%201904%20singing%20competition&text=The%20medal%20made%20by%20Dublin,Joyce%201904%E2%80%9D.&text=Dancer%20Michael%20Flatley%20has%20confirmed,competition%20in%20Dublin%20in%201904.">bronze medal winning tenor singer,</a> James Joyce was also a dancer.</div><div><br /></div><div>Dance for Joyce was an accompaniment to drinking. Helen Joyce, his daughter-in-law, said of him, <b>'Liquor went to his feet, not to his head.'</b></div><div><div><div><br /></div><div><div><i>Finnegans Wake</i> mentions Joyce's drunken dancing, in this lively description of Shem the Penman reeling home after a bender, a prancing prince of fandangos:</div><div><b><br /></b></div><b>'reeling more to the right than he lurched to the left....like a prance of findingos, with a shillto shallto slipny stripny, in he skittled.'</b> 186.25-187.01</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4WChepLNjot4M2SoZ1VSlAUmdT6CfUzS0cODdVB3Yc4n7dcJKg97tJx5HzA9pPwCX1J8hV9OiCG64tj3RQOhpWOaKGWRE0125icIsIy5q34eU9a_xXcI5GIflZKD-iiwsZ96xtKvuUaiwKJB-WwFZSLAs0MvfxNsl7INTXRz3HjN7YJZRZEfUZmA/s729/Screenshot%202023-02-03%20at%2009.37.47.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="575" data-original-width="729" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4WChepLNjot4M2SoZ1VSlAUmdT6CfUzS0cODdVB3Yc4n7dcJKg97tJx5HzA9pPwCX1J8hV9OiCG64tj3RQOhpWOaKGWRE0125icIsIy5q34eU9a_xXcI5GIflZKD-iiwsZ96xtKvuUaiwKJB-WwFZSLAs0MvfxNsl7INTXRz3HjN7YJZRZEfUZmA/s320/Screenshot%202023-02-03%20at%2009.37.47.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: start;">I've collected descriptions of Joyce dancing over two decades, from the first to the second world wars. He surely danced long before this, but I can only find tantalising clues about these earlier dances e.g.</div><div style="text-align: start;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: start;"><b>'Joyce brought his Roman visit to an orgiastic close. One night he got drunk with two mailmen and went with them to dance on the Pincio'.</b> Ellmann, p.241</div><div style="text-align: start;"><br /></div></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">'THE RITUAL ANTICS OF A COMIC RELIGION'</h4><div><br /></div><div>The first good description comes from Frank Budgen, Joyce's regular drinking partner in Zurich during World War One:</div><div><br /></div><div><div><b><span face=""Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #666666;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">'</span></span>On festive occasions and with a suitable stimulus, beribboned and wearing a straw picture hat (Autolycus turned pedant and keeping school, Malvolio snapping up unconsidered trifles) Joyce would execute a fantastic dance. It was not a terpsichorean effort of the statuesque Isadora Duncan variety, but a thing of whirling arms, high-kicking legs, grotesque capers and coy grimaces that suggested somehow the ritual antics of a comic religion.</b></div><div><b> 'You look like David,' I said, 'leaping and dancing before the ark'.</b><b>....'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Frank Budgen, <i>James Joyce and the Making of Ulysses</i>, OUP, 1972, p194-5</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>What could Joyce's 'coy grimaces' have looked like?</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div><b>'August Suter made six figures in stone for the Amsthauser in Zurich. I stood for one of them, </b><b>and even in the frozen stone the likeness persists. It always amused Joyce vastly to see this over-lifesize stone effigy resembling me gazing sternly down upon the free burgesses of Switzerland's commercial capital; and whenever a few of us on the way to the Usteristasse passed under that gaze at a late hour, he would execute his comic ritual dance in honour of the stone guest, to whom would be poured out suitable libations.' </b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Budgen, <i>ibid</i></div></div><div><br /></div><div><b><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1onAuxsIIxl4rkKysjfQkDFKhNeGLRglkr5CxXOO4MAi8UM3ZRpVJq-um2iRoSj_Fc3oJQJXYqAL_ZlflERQRJmQlw9NjOG-OehWxbNE7JaAf2xf7uj5_MNbhkv3cUkriFmHvSzrkpDA/s2048/DSC_1897.jpeg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1268" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1onAuxsIIxl4rkKysjfQkDFKhNeGLRglkr5CxXOO4MAi8UM3ZRpVJq-um2iRoSj_Fc3oJQJXYqAL_ZlflERQRJmQlw9NjOG-OehWxbNE7JaAf2xf7uj5_MNbhkv3cUkriFmHvSzrkpDA/w248-h400/DSC_1897.jpeg" width="248" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A dance beneath Budgen's statue</span></td></tr></tbody></table></b></div><div><div><br /></div></div><div>August Suter's brother Paul, interviewed by Ellmann, is another source for Joyce's Zurich dancing days:</div><div><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>'When the mood came over him, he might suddenly interrupt a Saturday afternoon walk
in the fashionable Bahnhofstrasse by flinging his loose limbs about in a
kind of spider dance, the effect accentuated by his tight trouser-legs and
wide cloak, diminutive hat, and thin cane....</b></div><div><b> (Joyce's) favourite statue in Zurich was one for which Budgen had served as a model.... and often late at night he would say to a group that included Budgen, 'Let's go and see Budgen,' and would conduct them to the statue....Sometimes he would honour this idol with his spider dance.</b></div><div><b> An especially gay party took place within an office of the hated consulate. The restaurants having closed, Budgen invited Joyce and Suter to
come to the rooms of the commercial department, where</b><b> they sat round
on the carpet....At the party's height Budgen stood on top of
the money-safe and performed an Indian belly-dance, while Joyce performed his spider-dance on the carpet below. None of them remembered
how or when they got home.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>August Suter wrote a memoir of Joyce, which includes a description of a drinking session at the consulate:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'We made our way to the British consulate and into Budge's office where we drank the wine we had brought with us. Paul Suter was not equal to the strain and was sick on the carpet.. Budgen enlisted all our help to clean the carpet by means of hot water.....Afterwards Budgen carried Joyce, a bit under the influence, home on his back, as he had done before.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>August Suter, 'Some Reminiscences of James Joyce,' <i>Portraits of the Artist in Exile,</i> p.63 </div><div><br /></div><div>I wonder if this was the same party.</div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><br />'IT'S THE SATYR ON A GREEK VASE!'</h4><div><div><br /></div><div><div>After the Joyces moved to Paris in 1920, Budgen was replaced as Joyce's main drinking and dancing partner by Robert McAlmon. In her diary, Helen Nutting described them both dancing at Joyce's birthday party at 2 Square Robiac in 1928:</div><div><br /><b>'Antheil was asked to play old English music, and Joyce and McAlmon danced quietly in the back parlor, improvising rhythmic movements, McAlmon on negro themes and Joyce Greek so that Adrienne exclaimed, '<i>Mais regardez done ce Joyce; il est tout a fait Grecque. C'est le satyre sur un vase Grecque!</i>' ('But look at Joyce; he's totally Greek. It's a satyr on a Greek vase!') and it was so, skipping, delicate, with a clean line.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Quoted by Ellmann, James Joyce, p599</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR0L_wKvbIZOusnadxpeRg0zzbcwfsMBVh3b83PgUYBFPFn84fiY_bcO6_aB8Vc3BRX1UQMITSw8HFVUK_k4FlLe7-e0EOzqVeC0DuBhJ18UDF0Cr2Y0dvfJpd3pKXbCfJuwjn8FoDCGw/s2048/DSC_1899.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1425" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR0L_wKvbIZOusnadxpeRg0zzbcwfsMBVh3b83PgUYBFPFn84fiY_bcO6_aB8Vc3BRX1UQMITSw8HFVUK_k4FlLe7-e0EOzqVeC0DuBhJ18UDF0Cr2Y0dvfJpd3pKXbCfJuwjn8FoDCGw/w279-h400/DSC_1899.jpeg" width="279" /></a></div></div><div><br /></div><div>As with his writing, Joyce liked to include comic parody in his dances. In dancing like a Greek satyr, Joyce was parodying the style of Raymond Duncan, who was Lucia Joyce's dance teacher. </div><div><div><span face="sans-serif" style="color: #202122;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span><b>'This tendency to invent dance figures he must have passed on to his daughter Lucia, who made the most promising beginnings in the art of dancing.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Frank Budgen, ibid.</div></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMdYx_XFkr4ZAWF1ImAoTO2JnfX2T5VhBUg0iTfKf6sqQ8JE2KCE0QvfgQsGGd5AfLdWgZgThR6_pnzwjfCbXngDmRoPFJthFfGmcCnlbRPtySPYqmkE2SNnQV0dQvviAIBNQjnOzIQ1Y/s2048/DSC_1894.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1465" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMdYx_XFkr4ZAWF1ImAoTO2JnfX2T5VhBUg0iTfKf6sqQ8JE2KCE0QvfgQsGGd5AfLdWgZgThR6_pnzwjfCbXngDmRoPFJthFfGmcCnlbRPtySPYqmkE2SNnQV0dQvviAIBNQjnOzIQ1Y/s320/DSC_1894.jpeg" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Joyce and Lucia must have talked about dancing a lot, judging by this letter he wrote to her in 1931</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'I send you the programme of the Indian dancer Uday Shankar. If he ever performs at Geneva don't miss going there. He leaves the best of the Russians far behind. I have never seen anything like it. He moves on the stage floor like a semi-divine being. Altogether, believe me, there are still some beautiful things in this poor old world.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Joyce to Lucia, 15 June 1931, <i>Letters</i> I, 341</div><div><br /></div><div>You can see Uday Shankar (Ravi's older brother) <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kd8I0gOktaM">dancing on YouTube</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div>Joyce's young friend Arthur Power has more information about Joyce's low opinion of the Russian ballet. They went to see a 1920 performance of <a href="https://pages.stolaf.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/648/2015/12/Screen-Shot-2015-12-20-at-4.59.57-PM.png">Massine's revival of Stravinsky's <i>The Rite of Spring</i></a>:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'The Russian ballet was all the rage, and I remember one of the early performances of 'Sacre du Printemps' during which an uproar broke out in the audience....When I asked Joyce how he liked the ballet he shrugged his shoulders and told me he did not much care for it. He went once but never again. He thought the merit of the ballet exaggerated, an opinion so strange, and to me incomprehensible, that I doubted if I had heard him correctly.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div><i>Conversations with James Joyce</i>, Lilliput 1999, p119</div><div> </div><div><div>Joyce is also known to have gone to the avante-garde Swedish Ballet, choreographed by Jean Borlin. In her autobiography, <i>Laughing Torso</i> (1931), Nina Hamnett describes meeting him in the bar during an interval and introducing him to Rudolph Valentino.</div><div><br /></div><b>'They were the last people in the world who I should think would have met in the ordinary way and they were both speechless.'</b></div><div> </div><div>They should have communicated through dance. Imagine Joyce and Valentino doing a tango.... <br /></div><div><br /></div><div><h4>'A BAT OUT OF HELL'</h4><div><br /></div><div>Herbert Gorman, Joyce's official biographer, gives us another dance from Paris in the early 1920s:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'With closer friends he let himself go and one of them has a memory of Joyce in a voluminous cloak skimming like a bat out of hell in a fantastic dance over one of the ancient bridges that crossed the Seine while the midnight stars shone down on Paris.' </b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><i>James Joyce</i>, 1941, p280-281</div></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><br />'HE FANCIED HIMSELF VARIOUS KINDS OF DANCERS'</h4><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiv3wqxNSGea0muFnJUYDGgaZQSvPEyWup4ZyBpUssnQoyqtqxsLV8md9fZwJGKELIHXPg7dCjn7kLHr0qmqsynMNoW3qdtpEJI29Djr58vZuk1H93rQkxfYn1-C703CJALU-Igb-cvQg/s2048/DSC_1893.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1367" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiv3wqxNSGea0muFnJUYDGgaZQSvPEyWup4ZyBpUssnQoyqtqxsLV8md9fZwJGKELIHXPg7dCjn7kLHr0qmqsynMNoW3qdtpEJI29Djr58vZuk1H93rQkxfYn1-C703CJALU-Igb-cvQg/w268-h400/DSC_1893.jpeg" width="268" /></a></div><b><div><span style="font-weight: 400;">In his very <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2014/01/paris-memoirs-robert-mcalmon.html">funny autobiography Robert McAlmon</a> describes a late 1920s St Patrick's Night party at the Trianon, Joyce's favourite restaurant.</span></div><div><b><br /></b></div>'Joyce sang songs...and I broke loose with my 'Chinese Opera'. Joyce wanted me to sing it, and I did. It is the corncrake and the calliope wail of a Chinese virgin in a snowstorm, not understanding where she got her newborn babe, and the neighbour's son claims it is not his inasmuch as he never saw her before. This is a performance that has had me thrown out of several bars and most respectable households and the police of various stations know it well.<br /> Later, when we left, Joyce wanted to climb up the lamppost. He fancied himself various kinds of dancers, tap, Russian, and belly. Nora was there however, and protest as Mr Joyce might, she got him into a taxi, and, despite his bitter wailings and protestations, drove him home.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div><i>Being Geniuses Together, </i>Doubleday and Co, 1968, p345-6</div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><br /></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">BALLERINO JOYCE</h4><div><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Nora's disapproval of her husband's dancing is also recorded by Stuart Gilbert in his diary:</span></h4><div><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div><div><b>'January 2, 1930</b></div><div><b>On New Years Eve at 10:00 a party at J.J.'s. Present: Pat and Mary Colum, Mr and Mrs Huddleston....At 2.30, Joyce very gay and dancing a jig to 'Auld Lang Syne'; Mrs Joyce, indignant, compels all to leave. She thinks 'he is making a fool of himself' – but I disagree; he is a nimble dancer. If Joyce had not been a writer he'd have been a meistersinger; if not a singer, a ballerino.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div><i>Reflections on James Joyce: Stuart Gilbert's Paris Journal,</i> University of Texas Press, 1993, pp16-17</div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">'HE SAID HE HAD INVENTED HIS OWN DANCE'</h4><div><br /></div><div>Ole Vinding, who met the Joyces in Copenhagen in 1936, has a similar story:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'We sat down for a glass of buttermilk at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josty">''Josty''</a>, and Joyce wanted to tell about the hell he always raised at parties. He said that he had invented his own dance and Mrs. Joyce remarked drily: 'If you can call flinging your legs over your neck and kicking the furniture to pieces 'to dance'!'</b></div><div><b> 'Well Nora, I <i>do</i> dance! I know the rules of dancing and request that the floor be cleared – that's the least I can do. I once went to a New Year's party with some friends and won first prize for my costume of a beggar, a real <i>clochard</i>. I dressed up in a diplomat's coat that was old and way too short; underneath I wore a blue shirt and, naturally, I wore yellow gloves. In this getup I was introduced to a very solemn young man. He greeted me somewhat ceremoniously but I was in the middle of a dance, so I cut a little caper and answered hastily, <i>'Enchanté'</i>, whereupon I forgot my new acquaintance, whose name I didn't even catch. That was Armand Petitjean*, my energetic commentator! He was the oldest at the party, age-old. The hostess wasn't particularly happy with my behaviour and the next day called on the old-young man to hear what impression I had made on him. He answered laconically: 'Yes, as usual, Mr Joyce had more interest in the expression than in the impression!'</b></div><div><b> He laughed, enjoying the memories of those times when he let himself go.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>'James Joyce in Copenhagen', <i>Portraits of the Artist in Exile</i>, p150-1</div><div><br /></div><div>*Armand Petitjean wrote a study of <i>Finnegans Wake</i> while he was still a teenager. Joyce described it as 'amazing' but it remains unpublished. His relationship with Joyce featured in<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QUcRj9-iyY"> an exhibition in Luxembourg in 2022</a>.</div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><br />'JUGGLING CLOWN'</h4></div><div><br /></div><div>In the 1930s, Joyce was often in Zurich, visiting his eye surgeon. His closest friend here was the art critic Dr Carola Giedion-Welcker. She describes a Zurich evening in the Doldertal with Joyce and Professor Bernhard Fehr.</div><div><div> <div><b>'The discussion turned to light kinds of music, while Professor Fehr began playing dance tunes. After executing an original waltz step – more with himself than with me, Joyce then took the stage as solo dancer, belaboring the inside of his stiff straw hat with wild jumps and kicks so that in the end, after these rhythmical and astonishingly acrobatic exercises, he was left with only a straw wreath in his hand, which he triumphantly held aloft and then as a finale placed on his head.</b></div><div><b> The grotesque flexibility of his long legs, which seemed to fill the room, and the bizarre grace with which he executed all movements of this strange dance, made him appear part juggling clown and part mystical reincarnation of Our Lady's Tumbler, who would like to have continued the performance endlessly, urged on by the constantly changing musical variations of the tireless piano player.'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Carola Giedion-Welcker, 'Meetings with Joyce', <i>Portraits of the Artist in Exile</i> p 273-4</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOjkwBuHG4b4C_Gn5HfzwDoGlxhNnQxzJ5ltMOovWYDICbiUwc1Aze7I3H2KlsZAhF9sh6AnE1fknc0eAgvtJJqc8_o4w-OmPMZ4Iddr3u4M8dMB-N0umFOMwNPaq1UCSWnEV1gYfy8FA/s2048/DSC_1898.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1501" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOjkwBuHG4b4C_Gn5HfzwDoGlxhNnQxzJ5ltMOovWYDICbiUwc1Aze7I3H2KlsZAhF9sh6AnE1fknc0eAgvtJJqc8_o4w-OmPMZ4Iddr3u4M8dMB-N0umFOMwNPaq1UCSWnEV1gYfy8FA/w294-h400/DSC_1898.jpeg" width="294" /></a></div><div> </div><div><h4 style="text-align: left;">'THE SUPPLENESS AND AGILITY OF A DANCER'</h4><div><br /></div><div>Even when Joyce was not dancing, he could remind others of a dancer in the grace of his movements. Here's Jacques Mercanton describing a visit to Joyce on Good Friday in 1938:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'I found him installed in his bedroom, half-reclining in a chaise longue, Stuart Gilbert seated near him at a table. They were going over a passage that was 'still not obscure enough,' as Joyce said....His face looked very soft that day, with an almost feminine softness, a bit red under the grey hair. </b><b>He joked, slid over the bed with the suppleness and agility of a dancer, asked me to serve the tea...'</b></div><div><br /></div><div>'The Hours of James Joyce', <i>Portraits of the Artist in Exile</i>, p.214</div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">'A FEW OF HIS INTRICATE STEPS'</h4></div><div><br /></div><div>In the summer of 1938, Eugene Jolas correctly guessed the title of <i>Finnegans Wake</i>, winning Joyce's offered prize of 1,000 francs. Joyce turned white, but then expressed his emotions with a dance.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>'One morning I knew it was <i>Finnegans Wake,</i> although it was only
an intuition. That evening I suddenly threw all the words into the air.
Joyce blanched. Slowly he set down the wineglass he held. 'Ah, Jolas,
you've taken something out of me,' he said, almost sadly. When we parted
that night, he embraced me, danced a few of his intricate steps, and
asked: 'How would you like to have the money?''</b></div><div><b> </b></div><div>Eugene Jolas, 'My Friend James Joyce', in Givens (ed) James Joyce: <i>Two Decades of Criticism</i>, Vanguard, 1948<b>.</b></div><div><b> </b></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">'PAS SEUL WITH HIGH KICKING EFFECTS'</h4><div><br /></div><div>Joyce had a tradition of dancing on his birthday, 2 February. On 28 January 1939, he wrote to Viscount Carlow:</div><div><br /></div><b>'I am still very exhausted but I shall try to be better by Thursday though I am afraid the traditional pas seul with high kicking effects associated with that birthday feast will be beyond my power this year of grace.'</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>(Thanks to Patrick Hawe for sharing<a href="https://twitter.com/PatrickHawe/status/1621096999767670784"> this quotation on Twitter</a>)<br /><div><br /></div><div>In fact, he did manage to dance after all. <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2014/05/joyces-first-biografiend.html">Herbert Gorman, Joyce's official biographer</a>, ends his book with an account of the 1939 party, which also celebrated the arrival of the first copy of <i>Finnegans Wake</i>:</div><div><br /></div><b> 'Presently Joyce himself is singing, his fine tenor clouded, perhaps, by the years, but his artistry and his obvious enjoyment making up for the inevitable inroads of time. He sings the old songs that he loves and is not allowed to rest until he has rendered 'Molly Bloom'. That accomplished to the hilarious satisfaction of all, Joyce must have another glass of wine. He evidences some restlessness and his friends know what is imminent. It is the time for dancing. </b></div><div><b> No one who has not seen Joyce dance can have any idea from a brief description what his terpsichorean talents are like. To enlivening music he breaks into a high fantastic dance all by himself, a dance that is full of quaint antics, high kicks, and astonishing figures. He dances with all his body, head, hands and feet and the evolutions through which he goes, eccentric but never losing the beat of the music, are calculated to arouse suspicion in the beholder that he has no bones at all. Others join in the dances and he weaves wild and original patterns with them. When the music stops he sinks contentedly into a chair. The festival has been a success. </b></div><div><b> It is after midnight when the moment for parting (delayed as long as possible) comes. Joyce stands by his door bidding good night to his guests, and as they depart down the stairs and into the night they glance back and see standing above them the tall lean figure of a great gentleman and a great writer.'</b><div><br /></div><div>Herbert Gorman, <i>James Joyce</i>, 1941</div></div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">A LAST DANCE </h4><div><br /></div><div>Maria Jolas told Richard Ellmann about the last time she saw Joyce dance. It was Christmas 1939, and he was a sick man, in pain from his stomach ulcer. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>'</b><b>Christmas dinner began sadly enough; Joyce scarcely ate anything, only
drank white wine, bending before his glass as if overwhelmed....At the evening's end he had a
sudden explosion of gaiety, and began to dance on the narrow stairs to
the tune of an old waltz. He approached Maria Jolas and said, 'Come
on, let's dance a little.' There was so little room, and his sight was so
bad, that she hesitated. 'Come on then,' he said, putting his arm around
her, 'you know very well that it's the last Christmas.' After the dance he
had to be quieted down to permit the guests to leave.'</b></div></div><div><br /></div><div>Ellmann, p 729</div><div><br /></div>Isn't it a shame that, with all the statues there are of Joyce, not one shows him dancing?<div><br /></div><div><br /><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuHw7yif6wEoDRQnlL1gux-buVa5guJBL6ZG71X8VjZJyJE8wm7tiZYeYyHdoflhLb9Hb3P6PdWh4HozHFyqJBB6svGFPk1Wvcb6u6_iAqOkwdKfiIF_DWjcF8ALRlDuq2WYwSlbOi9Zc/s688/Screenshot+2021-02-11+at+18.14.33.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="688" data-original-width="494" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuHw7yif6wEoDRQnlL1gux-buVa5guJBL6ZG71X8VjZJyJE8wm7tiZYeYyHdoflhLb9Hb3P6PdWh4HozHFyqJBB6svGFPk1Wvcb6u6_iAqOkwdKfiIF_DWjcF8ALRlDuq2WYwSlbOi9Zc/w288-h400/Screenshot+2021-02-11+at+18.14.33.png" width="288" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; color: #666666; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 5px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption"><span face="Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Joyce dancing, by the British painter, poet and publisher, Desmond Harmsworth</span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: arial; text-align: left;"></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6657229330840382051.post-80530798675252425802021-01-14T15:07:00.021+00:002022-10-12T14:13:00.391+01:00'Lets All Wake Brickfaced In Lucan' <div><span style="font-family: arial;">Happy New Year Wake lovers! We may be locked down in our locations, but we can still travel in our imaginations. So let's go on a journey up the Liffey, six miles past Chapelizod to a leafy village on the south bank of the river. </span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">'<b>Let's all wake brickfaced in Lucan</b>'! 359.27</span></div>
<div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiDKux1cEKRMcISJDvasgWtLtBS1v1x1b1cTrb_hn-PV2SPLHltb15Rz8oSrnSgf55Ip6JQGPJarXkNY1JVkGmPu_sI-dtZ5eEPuThCoh2QV2eN9k5aUGylTCi4boXIQQywjsSrFLVtXc/s1085/Lucan.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="362" data-original-width="1085" height="134" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiDKux1cEKRMcISJDvasgWtLtBS1v1x1b1cTrb_hn-PV2SPLHltb15Rz8oSrnSgf55Ip6JQGPJarXkNY1JVkGmPu_sI-dtZ5eEPuThCoh2QV2eN9k5aUGylTCi4boXIQQywjsSrFLVtXc/w400-h134/Lucan.png" width="400" /><br /></a><span style="font-family: arial;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">'</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><b>Like we larnt from that Buke of Lukan in Dublin’s capital, Kongdam Coombe</b>.' 255.</span></p><span style="font-family: arial;">The name Lucan is either from the 'Leamhcán' (place of elms) or 'Leamhachán' (place of marsh-mallow plants). The marsh plants seem more likely, according to <a href="https://www.blogger.com/#">the Lucan Newsletter</a>. Wouldn't elms have been a common sight all along the Liffey? <br /><br />Lucan is famous for an earl, a Palladian mansion, a spa hotel, and a steam tram - all of them appearing in <i>Finnegans Wake</i>. More importantly, Lucan is mixed up with Chapelizod, creating a dream location which Joyce calls 'Lucalizod'.<br /><br />In her <a href="https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/JoyceColl/JoyceColl-idx?type=turn&id=JoyceColl.GlasheenFinnegans&entity=JoyceColl.GlasheenFinnegans.p0261&q1=lucalizod"><i>Third Census</i>, Adaline Glasheen suggested that the name 'links Issy and the two Isoldes to Lucia Joyce and Alice</a>'. Perhaps Joyce chose it because it resembles 'localised'. </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><br /><b>'Gush Mac Gale and Roaring O’Crian, Jr., both changelings, unlucalised, of no address'</b> 87.18<br /><br /><b>'When you’re coaching through Lucalised, on the sulphur spa to visit, it’s safer to hit than miss it, stop at his inn!'</b> 565.33 <br /><br />Localised Lucalizod is the 'particular universal' (260.r3).</span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div>
<p><span style="background-color: white; color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><b>'THE LOCALISATION OF LEGEND'</b> 263.r2</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Joyce came up with 'Lucalizod' even before he had started writing his earliest sketches, for it appears in his 1922-3 Nice notebook (V1.B.10.33).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">He first used the word in his second Wake sketch, on the big love scene between Tristan and Isolde. In the earliest fair copy, Isolde is 'the belle of Chapelizod'.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsAwet8TltiRGqsmQLLWZSLsmTgYsBy0O7Te4PrXs0fEp3UEiJkHHDtxWbp0Dy9erXXOCXqDI7e0A7roiVMdUVYw_ySKrurOpekooii3ARqn7LExu-9INOdTr5wM1hjNb9s9Zj_ql6eNM/s3465/issy1.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="293" data-original-width="3465" height="54" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsAwet8TltiRGqsmQLLWZSLsmTgYsBy0O7Te4PrXs0fEp3UEiJkHHDtxWbp0Dy9erXXOCXqDI7e0A7roiVMdUVYw_ySKrurOpekooii3ARqn7LExu-9INOdTr5wM1hjNb9s9Zj_ql6eNM/w640-h54/issy1.jpeg" width="640" /></span></a></div><div><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Here's the second draft, in which Isolde has become 'the dinkum belle of <b>Lucalizod</b>'.</span><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl9BncaY0DRDXZ3YE8v4McVl4RH-_jYnfSIC93kzFgaKHieNv5iOYAdKF4G95s18jGcAeBNZytrY9GkACnBQVsKJKTxlkarKd6zTHKeEt0KkwBeMiPotIP77XYLDEnBSsAwI6MaZ64uWY/s4160/Issy2.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="637" data-original-width="4160" height="98" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl9BncaY0DRDXZ3YE8v4McVl4RH-_jYnfSIC93kzFgaKHieNv5iOYAdKF4G95s18jGcAeBNZytrY9GkACnBQVsKJKTxlkarKd6zTHKeEt0KkwBeMiPotIP77XYLDEnBSsAwI6MaZ64uWY/w640-h98/Issy2.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;">Sadly, this phrase didn't make it into the published book (where Isolde is simply 'the dinkum belle' at 384.21). But the name Lucalizod stuck. In the second chapter, the narrators discuss HCE's name:</span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'The great fact emerges that after that historic date all holographs so far exhumed initialled by Haromphrey bear the sigla H.C.E. and</b></span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: AGaramondPro; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><b style="font-family: arial;">w</b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><b>hile he was
only and long and always good Dook Umphrey for the hungerlean spalpeens of Lucalizod and Chimbers to his cronies it was
equally certainly a pleasant turn of the populace which gave him
as sense of those normative letters the nickname Here Comes
Everybody</b>.' 32.14</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;">In <a href="http://www.jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/b/b10d.htm">his first draft</a>, Joyce wrote 'the ragged tiny folk of Lucalizod'. </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #231f20;">Arthur Young gives a derivation of 'spalpeen' in his 18th century <i>Tour of Ireland</i></span></span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;">.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqr9xFQ9kVHp02QNkLH6woAyKYavNqgiL55Yi9VA23lPlQdAQrcBoH5vI5h3pXdRJIDfyJqAzAuTmGW28TlA9FhGxKNf_ll9TzAW5gD9Gj5Pu-JPgeWHXfQ5whPwoVDDt0Fi2mIICNods/s478/splpeen.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="86" data-original-width="478" height="73" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqr9xFQ9kVHp02QNkLH6woAyKYavNqgiL55Yi9VA23lPlQdAQrcBoH5vI5h3pXdRJIDfyJqAzAuTmGW28TlA9FhGxKNf_ll9TzAW5gD9Gj5Pu-JPgeWHXfQ5whPwoVDDt0Fi2mIICNods/w400-h73/splpeen.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="color: #231f20;"><div><br /></div></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #231f20;">In the fourth chapter, the place became 'folkrich Lucalizod':</span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br />'Who, but who (for second time of asking) was then the scourge of the parts about folkrich Lucalizod it was wont to be asked, as, in ages behind of the Homo Capite Erectus...</b>' 101.10-13 </span><div><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: AGaramondPro; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #231f20;">The name made its fourth appearance in the <a href="http://www.jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/e/e10d.htm">earliest</a></span><a href="http://www.jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/e/e10d.htm"> </a></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.jjda.ie/main/JJDA/F/flex/e/e10d.htm">title</a> of Anna Livia Plurabelle's letter defending HCE against the slander, spread 'all around Lucalizod':</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-style: italic;"><b>First and Last Only
True Account all about the Honorary Mirsu Earwicker, L.S.D.,
and the Snake (Nuggets!) by a Woman of the World who only can
Tell Naked Truths about a Dear Man and all his Conspirators how
they all Tried to Fall him Putting it all around Lucalizod about
Privates Earwicker and a Pair of Sloppy Sluts plainly Showing all
the Unmentionability falsely Accusing about the Raincoats </b></span><span style="color: #231f20;">107.01-7</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #231f20;">A few pages later, Chapelizod and Lucan are again combined as 'Isitachapel-Asitalukin' (Is it a chapel? Has it a look in?):</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #231f20;">
<div class="page" title="Page 114">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p><b>'That
stern chuckler Mayhappy Mayhapnot, once said to repeation
in that lutran conservatory way of his that Isitachapel-Asitalukin
was the one place, <span style="font-style: italic;">ult aut nult</span>, in this madh vaal of tares (whose
verdhure’s yellowed therever Phaiton parks his car while its
tamelised tay is the drame of Drainophilias) where the possible
was the improbable and the improbable the inevitable.'</b> 110.06-12</p></div></div></div></span></span></div><div><div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The place next became <b>'muchtried Lucalizod'</b> in the description of Shem the Penman taking refuge in his 'inkbattle house' from the street fighting in Dublin:</span></div><div>
<div class="page" title="Page 182">
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<p><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>After the thorough fright he got that bloody, Swithun’s day,
though every doorpost in muchtried Lucalizod was smeared with
generous erstborn gore and every free for all cobbleway slippery
with the bloods of heroes...</b>. 178.08</span></span></p><div><span style="font-family: arial;">It was a placename Joyce could play with. In 'Haveth Childers Everywhere', HCE boasts of his achievements as a city builder:</span></div><div><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'if I was magmonimoss as staidy lavgiver I revolucanized by my eructions'</b> 545.32</span></span></div><div><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div><div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">'THE SULPHUR SPA TO VISIT'</span></h4><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><div style="background-color: white;"><div class="yiv4099304117gmail-page" title="Page 584"><div class="yiv4099304117gmail-layoutArea"><div class="yiv4099304117gmail-column"><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Lucan was famous for its sulphur spring, discovered in 1758 by the wonderfully named Agmondisham Vesey, owner of the Lucan demesne.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The water was vividly described by John Rutty in his 1772 <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433006611648&view=1up&seq=208"><i>Essay Towards a Natural History of Dublin, Vol 2</i></a> :</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'It may be smelt at a distance of many yards....It resembles the Aix-la-Chapelle water in smell and taste...having the flavour of a boiled egg and when strongest of a semitputrid egg.'</b></span></div><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><br /></span></span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXXU9AX2IOyzeabeSUdH99oCDE-gX4J_cWs62Tddw0DJEv6A4deDYAmvWo_3x-0LUArzXXAGOK3Ek-uHY0yNxZArxzPVdqvy4anEO06VyhBxWREKYFDdlIxnsVk-ochnzyMEUJpoFBYkw/s592/spa.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="592" data-original-width="408" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXXU9AX2IOyzeabeSUdH99oCDE-gX4J_cWs62Tddw0DJEv6A4deDYAmvWo_3x-0LUArzXXAGOK3Ek-uHY0yNxZArxzPVdqvy4anEO06VyhBxWREKYFDdlIxnsVk-ochnzyMEUJpoFBYkw/w276-h400/spa.png" width="276" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The spring's medicinal qualities are described by Mrs James J Daly, in 'Curative Wells in Old Dublin', a paper she read to the Old Dublin Society on 9 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">December 1957.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCrrSTgjgp7xlfTErGdkiExLRkXZW1LA8bU5Vk0AoHa9tl-sBcpASIefmpDzMy3y14vzD8EI1zUptO18y19n9lPRnFNePHQMtPHDbK7LkeWXt5gbdyWloSKK5lwDuV0lP_8ZyvLz_kxnA/s505/daly.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="310" data-original-width="505" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCrrSTgjgp7xlfTErGdkiExLRkXZW1LA8bU5Vk0AoHa9tl-sBcpASIefmpDzMy3y14vzD8EI1zUptO18y19n9lPRnFNePHQMtPHDbK7LkeWXt5gbdyWloSKK5lwDuV0lP_8ZyvLz_kxnA/w400-h245/daly.png" width="400" /></a></div>The original Spa House Hotel was rebuilt as the Hydropathic Spa Hotel in 1890-1</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGmiJvyuvCYQfgbFzKt7SnrRMau2ctj7tnx8wniCsfwdO38JpoeV8Rt2OT6u24kTtLSZJ0jhx8Y8v5ThMeHIXl20kYBk10laZv-ip4BZRX7zCRCyuM0lJG5KSeZCGdR1YPbczPOx75EDI/s596/hotel.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="381" data-original-width="596" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGmiJvyuvCYQfgbFzKt7SnrRMau2ctj7tnx8wniCsfwdO38JpoeV8Rt2OT6u24kTtLSZJ0jhx8Y8v5ThMeHIXl20kYBk10laZv-ip4BZRX7zCRCyuM0lJG5KSeZCGdR1YPbczPOx75EDI/w400-h256/hotel.png" width="400" /></a></div><br />'Hydropathy' is what we now call <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrotherapy">'Hydrotherapy'</a>.</span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">F.W.Crossley's <i>Visit Ireland </i>guidebook (1892) carries a full page advert for the brand new hotel.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRcjTWlcNEOHj8FmrI4QkMElWIRjEu7VphU1Nvlw9qHTAotbQkiwntk6kvAH1Lynlm0wojCXjQjMtj36deSf6gxlTyj-F9vBoupahSdK0tJPYa4Tb2Ily3zyZazqZO-2A32yvriWmaZv0/s673/lucan.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="673" data-original-width="410" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRcjTWlcNEOHj8FmrI4QkMElWIRjEu7VphU1Nvlw9qHTAotbQkiwntk6kvAH1Lynlm0wojCXjQjMtj36deSf6gxlTyj-F9vBoupahSdK0tJPYa4Tb2Ily3zyZazqZO-2A32yvriWmaZv0/w390-h640/lucan.png" width="390" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'Lucan is principally known as a health resort. Recently
there has been a splendid hotel erected, called the New Spa Hotel, which is
excellently appointed, and contains every convenience and comfort which the
visitor can desire. It is situated on an eminence commanding a view of some of
the finest scenery in the county Dublin, and within a few yards of a valuable
sulphur spa, which is now attracting much attention and patronage....Persons suffering from gout, rheumatism, and
hepatic disorders, could not do better than spend a week or two here, where they
would not only find relief from their ailments, but may also have an enjoyable
holiday.'</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">F.W.Crossley, <i>Visit Dublin,</i> Irish Tourism Development, 1892, p.15</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><i style="font-family: arial;">Finnegans Wake</i><span style="font-family: arial;">, 'hydropathic' becomes 'hydrocomic', and the hotel becomes another version of Earwicker's pub:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: AGaramondPro; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'They near the base of the chill stair, that large incorporate licensed vintner, such as he is, from former times, nine hosts in himself, in his hydrocomic establishment and his ambling limfy peepingpartner'</b> 580.33</span></span></div><div><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></div><div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'<span style="color: #231f20;">When you’re coaching through </span>Lucalised</b><span style="color: #231f20;"><b>, on the sulphur spa to visit, it’s safer to hit than miss it, stop at his inn!'</b> 565.33</span></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #231f20;">The <a href="https://www.lucanspahotel.ie/?gclid=Cj0KCQiA9P__BRC0ARIsAEZ6iriAzHnV_qm_MyH3pbbBwfRj5QudXrEEgLONfiCKQQ-Km00_19ahyZoaAodeEALw_wcB">Lucan Spa Hotel is still g</a>oing, but a busy motorway now separates it from the river.</span></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4cMPuDu3EBoZJ5HMdlnl6SzZVz57b_PaCZR0K41tqChnGYQW3HG5FHbZpSIjVkMasi08l3mH6iShDWfymiaFcPHy0Yl00tGWvVOlD-ztUGXrFumoOlkaH1JNmTySGX9lnmQy8IoCGjOw/s757/Screenshot+2021-01-14+at+16.19.38.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="757" data-original-width="615" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4cMPuDu3EBoZJ5HMdlnl6SzZVz57b_PaCZR0K41tqChnGYQW3HG5FHbZpSIjVkMasi08l3mH6iShDWfymiaFcPHy0Yl00tGWvVOlD-ztUGXrFumoOlkaH1JNmTySGX9lnmQy8IoCGjOw/s320/Screenshot+2021-01-14+at+16.19.38.png" /></a></div><br /><br /></span></span></div></div></div></div><div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">THE LUCAN STEAM TRAM</span></h4><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDib6n50JiaAW3Ivr-THmDCyyqY9sbV8S8Do5eq2EUdEzEySK6YrYabi9Xr9M9WYe0Cp989da9NFV29cO3Vn3qz3ly8-Q9EYXN8Nv9nr7akOrAGnBd1Pf-6OXW5lWoJzQn47rUZGF0MLo/s940/tram.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="565" data-original-width="940" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDib6n50JiaAW3Ivr-THmDCyyqY9sbV8S8Do5eq2EUdEzEySK6YrYabi9Xr9M9WYe0Cp989da9NFV29cO3Vn3qz3ly8-Q9EYXN8Nv9nr7akOrAGnBd1Pf-6OXW5lWoJzQn47rUZGF0MLo/w400-h240/tram.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">From the collection of Joe Williams</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'Visitors who are staying in Dublin for a few days are strongly recommended before leaving to pay a visit to the little village of Lucan. The steam tram is an excellent mode of conveyance, and accomplishes the journey in about three quarters of an hour.'</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">F.W.Crossley, </span><i style="font-family: arial;">Visit Dublin,</i><span style="font-family: arial;"> Irish Tourism Development, 1892, p.15</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The South Dublin Libraries Local Studies Blog has a fascinating piece on the Lucan steam tram, which<a href="https://localstudies.wordpress.com/2012/05/15/the-lucan-tram/"> you can read here</a>. It started running on 20 February 1883, and was the only service to operate during the Easter Rising.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'The village and the Spa Hotel were crowded with visitors from all parts of Ireland ....‘peace and plenty’ reigned in Lucan, disturbed only by the boom of the distant guns in the city and the glare at night of the conflagrations.' </b></span></span></p><p><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Freeman’s Journal 9th May 1916.</span></em></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In <i>Finnegans Wake</i>, we can hear the cry of the tram conductor, as the west-bound tram stops at Chapelizod</span></p><p><b style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">'</span></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><b>Issy-la-Chapelle! Any lucans, please?' </b>80.36 </span></p><h4 style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">A LORD AT LUCAN </span></h4><div><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><b><span style="color: #231f20;">'</span><span style="color: #231f20;">Before there </span>was patch<span style="color: #231f20;"> at all </span>on Ireland</b><span style="color: #231f20;"><b> there lived a lord at Lucan.'</b> 452.28</span><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><b><span style="color: #231f20;">'</span><span style="color: #231f20;">You make me think of a </span><span style="color: black;">wonderdecker</span><span style="color: #231f20;"> I </span><span style="color: black;">once</span><span style="color: #231f20;">. Or somebalt </span><span style="color: black;">thet</span><span style="color: #231f20;"> </span><span style="color: black;">sailder</span></b><span style="color: #231f20;"><b>, the man megallant, with the bangled ears. Or an earl was he, at Lucan?'</b> 620.08</span></span></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;">In 1566, the Lucan demesne was acquired by Sir William Sarsfield, a wealthy merchant and Lord Mayor of Dublin. The most famous member of his family was Patrick Sarsfield, who was born in Lucan. James II's leading general in the war against William of Orange, Sarsfield was made first Earl of Lucan in 1690.</span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhra9RKKe6vtf-tzdWskdSn0NlPLvXCNnvl86f6Zln8TZiX5X6sckzRRv7Ud4IyhgVrx68MJ0hi5NyDS72Mf19ik6yb0cDX6pGwZG-q6_lzPbT8izioAU-w5j-DqXjyAh9M4ZpNACACSUk/s658/Sarsfield.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="658" data-original-width="497" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhra9RKKe6vtf-tzdWskdSn0NlPLvXCNnvl86f6Zln8TZiX5X6sckzRRv7Ud4IyhgVrx68MJ0hi5NyDS72Mf19ik6yb0cDX6pGwZG-q6_lzPbT8izioAU-w5j-DqXjyAh9M4ZpNACACSUk/s320/Sarsfield.png" /></a></div><br /><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;">As a Jacobite title, this earldom was never recognised in the United Kingdom. Like Joyce, Sarsfield went on a 'wildgoup's chase across the kathartic ocean' (185.06) and </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;">spent his last years as an exile in France. There </span><a href="https://www.rte.ie/news/regional/2020/1201/1181680-patrick-sarsfield-limerick/" style="font-family: arial;">is now a campaign by the Wild Geese Festival to repatriate his remains, but to Limerick rather than Lucan</a><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;">.</span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;">Back in Ireland, the demesne passed into the hands of the Veseys, who married into the Sarsfield family. In 1772, Agmondisham Vesey, discoverer of the sulphur spa, built a magnificent Palladian mansion here, working with the architect William Chambers (designer of the Casino at Merino). According to the<a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/homes-and-property/interiors/palladio-preserved-in-lucan-house-and-demesne-1.2549681"> Irish Times, its oval dining room was the inspiration for the Oval Office in the White House</a>. </span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;">Vesey's wife Elizabeth was a founder of the Bluestockings Society, and friend of Samuel Johnson.</span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;">Here's a view of the house, now the official residence of the Italian ambassador, from Itsmyireland.</span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #231f20;"> <iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/teHSaKKhTig" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/teHSaKKhTig/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe></span></span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #231f20;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #231f20;">The title was revived in 1795, when Sir Charles Bingham, who had married Anne Vesey, was made the first Earl of Lucan. It was his grandson, George Charles Bingham, the Third Earl, who ordered the Charge of the Light Brigade, <a href="http://peterchrisp.blogspot.com/2015/03/television-in-finnegans-wake.html">as shown on the television set in Earwicker's pub</a>.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #231f20;">The Bingham estate was in Castlebar, Mayo rather than Lucan. Here the third earl earned a reputation as a monster.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span style="color: #231f20;">'</span><span style="color: #555555; text-align: justify;">During the Great Famine he engaged in wholesale evictions and showed a complete disregard for public opinion. In the parish of Ballinrobe alone he demolished over 300 cabins and evicted 2,000 people (1846–9). He then consolidated the holdings and leased them to wealthy ranchers.' </span></b></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #555555; text-align: justify;">James Quinn, 'The Exterminator', <a href="https://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/from-the-files-of-the-dib-the-exterminator/">History Ireland</a></span></span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQdlN0mnJamUK__zLY5k6TiVJa4do74s58OSJfQM-ftJpjAHSfrVZ7ngY8O46jaNCWdiHLodjRgU4YlZcK8yiWHsgtiARop-ao7B_AYiYhyFrx4k4EZ6LhDMfA5hKRpGlRdWmq7KzXhZc/s456/G+Bingham%252C.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="456" data-original-width="375" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQdlN0mnJamUK__zLY5k6TiVJa4do74s58OSJfQM-ftJpjAHSfrVZ7ngY8O46jaNCWdiHLodjRgU4YlZcK8yiWHsgtiARop-ao7B_AYiYhyFrx4k4EZ6LhDMfA5hKRpGlRdWmq7KzXhZc/w329-h400/G+Bingham%252C.png" width="329" /></a></div>'<span style="background-color: white;">To the people of Mayo an Earl of Lucan, a Bingham, was an oppressor, responsible for the cruelties of the past and the misery of the present, automatically to be hated. .....He cherished an equally powerful contempt for them. From the bottom of his heart he despised them, swarming, half starving, ignorant, shiftless, and Roman Catholics into the bargain. It is doubtful if he considered the Irish as human beings at all.....</span><span style="background-color: white;">Evictions became numerous, and it began to be said in Mayo that he possessed 'all the inherited ferocity of the Binghams.'</span></b></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Fear of the third Earl bit deep into the consciousness of the people, and he still survives as a bogey in Castlebar. Tales are told of the fierce Earl galloping through the town, the hoofs of his great black horse striking sparks from the cobble-stones, bringing terror to his tenants' hearts. When least expected he suddenly appeared, for though he gained the credit of being a resident landlord, he seldom stayed in Castlebar more than a few days -- it was his custom to swoop down a dozen times a year. On one occasion, believing him to be safely in England, the inhabitants of Castlebar were burning him in effigy on the Mall when suddenly the sound of the great black horse was heard and the Earl galloped into the midst of the crowd, shouting as they scattered in terror, 'I'll evict the lot of you.''</b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.cooperative-individualism.org/woodham-smith-cecil_consequences-of-land-monopoly-on-the-irish-people-1953.htm">Cecil Woodham-Smith, <i>The Reason Why</i> (1953)</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Joyce refers to this story at the end of the games chapter, when HCE's sudden appearance ends the children's fun:<br /></span><div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>'One must recken with the sudden and gigantesquesque appearance unwithstandable as a general election in Barnado’s bearskin amongst the brawlmiddle of this village childergarten of the largely longsuffering laird of Lucanhof.' </b>253.25</span><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGnbZlnV6ER0-PeUiLzPmR_cP4fBZ9OTHMBEoQkcOh8NePtKa-vL5G04VrPg1FDM3huoKNlhbTgTumVphqv4z88ZwtBepOQ7qEVehIYa5gOchyphenhyphenwCU0OhdrZYEIHUHtAqsOqAtUcPTWgyc/s567/bearskin.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="389" data-original-width="567" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGnbZlnV6ER0-PeUiLzPmR_cP4fBZ9OTHMBEoQkcOh8NePtKa-vL5G04VrPg1FDM3huoKNlhbTgTumVphqv4z88ZwtBepOQ7qEVehIYa5gOchyphenhyphenwCU0OhdrZYEIHUHtAqsOqAtUcPTWgyc/w400-h275/bearskin.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">Crimean War veterans in bearskins</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">If you mention Lord Lucan today, people think of Richard John Bingham, the notorious Seventh Earl, who vanished in mysterious circumstances in 1974.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;">To finish, here's 'Lord Lucan is Missing', a 1978 song from the Dodgems, a band I used to see regularly in Brighton back in the punk years. They ask, 'Is he in the Clerment Club or in the south of France? Playing on a roulette wheel In another game of chance? Is he dead upon the Downs rotting in the grass? Or is he hid behind the cloak of the British ruling class?'</span><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Forty-two years after they asked the questions, we still don't know the answers.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div></div></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/y0xmLhkLYCw" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/y0xmLhkLYCw/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe><br /></div></div></div>Peter Chrisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11206688095197843271noreply@blogger.com0