A Night at the Volta with James Joyce

The Volta Picture Theatre, at 45 Mary Street Dublin, was Ireland's first cinema. It was opened in December 1909 by James Joyce, on a return visit from Trieste. At the time, Trieste had 21 cinemas, even though it had a smaller population than Dublin.  For Joyce, managing a cinema in Dublin, which didn't have any of them, seemed an obvious way to make money.

I've made a diorama of A Night at the Volta for the cinema-themed exhibition, Raiders of the Lost Cabinets, which you can see in the Open Market in Brighton from now until August.  

Curated by George Coles, who also made the cabinets, it comprises 56 dioramas by different artists, illustrating various films.  

The film Joyce is showing in my diorama is Percy Stow's A Glass of Goat's Milk, which was screened at the Volta in February 1910. Filmed in 1909 on the streets of Croydon, it shows a timid man terrorised by an aggressive goat. The goat's owner milks her and gives the man a glass to drink. As he does, he undergoes a transformation - growing a goatee and long goat horns. For this scene, Stow used paper horns which inflate.

The goat man then goes on the rampage, butting everything in sight. He knocks down a tree, a wall and a horse-drawn omnibus.

This reminds me of Finnegans Wake, whose hero, HCE, is called 'Hircus Civis Eblanensis' (215.27), which means 'Goat Citizen of Eblana' (Dublin). Explaining the name to C.K.Ogden, Joyce said, "The first man of Dublin was a he goat".

After waking up at his own wake, Tim Finnegan, told to stay lying in his coffin, is promised funerary offerings, including "some goat's milk, like the maid used to bring you" (25.08). This doesn't seem like a good way to make him lie down!

Joyce loved goats which caper through the pages of all his novels. In 1919, he even grew a goatee beard ‘on his megageg chin’ (FW 169.11).  See my previous post, James Joyce was a Goat Lover. 

It struck me that Joyce might have brought along some real Old Irish Goats from Howth Head to the cinema as a misguided publicity stunt.  He didn't think about the goats' reactions when they saw the flowers on the ladies' hats.

Joyce is also holding a manuscript of Dubliners, which he believed would shortly be published by Maunsell and Roberts of Dublin. 

Sadly, the Volta was a commercial failure (due to the goats running amok?) and Joyce didn't make any money. Maunsell didn't publish Dubliners either.  

Lisa and I made a Popeye diorama too

Factsticklers may cavil that Joyce had returned to Trieste by the time the film was shown. So the Volta diorama is presented as a scene from a projected biopic by Karl Strager, a fellow goat lover. 

If you visit Dublin today, you can see a plaque commemorating the Volta on the wall of Penney's Clothes Shop. 

Visitors to this year's International James Joyce Symposium in Glasgow will be able to see A Glass Goat's Milk on 15 June, when it's part of 'An Evening at the Volta' at the Glasgow Film Theatre.  This is open to the public, and there's a ticket link here.

The Rivers of Anna Livia Plurabelle

'(Joyce) told me that into the prose of the little book in question—Anna Livia Plurabelle—he had woven the names of five hundred rivers....He told me, I remember, that he liked to think how some far day, way off in Thibet or Somaliland, some lad or lass in reading that little book would be pleased to come upon the name of his or her own home river.' 

Max Eastman, The Literary Mind, 1931, p98-100

Last year, on 26 April, the Glasgow University Finnegans Wake Reading Group started Joyce's favourite chapter, 'Anna Livia Plurabelle.' Every Wednesday morning, for two hours, we would meet on Zoom and discuss half a page or more of the text. The chapter is only twenty pages long, but it took us nine months to get through.

Joyce told several people that he'd included 500 river names, but readers have since tracked down more than twice that number.  There are 1117 rivers listed in Raphael Slepon's Finnegans Wake Extensible Elucidation Treasury.  Joyce would have been delighted to learn this, but perhaps not surprised.  In his 1924 Fair Copy, Anna Livia refer to her husband as 'my old Dane.' Harriet Shaw Weaver then sent a letter to Joyce in which she told him that the Dane was a river in Cheshire. He replied:

'The coincidence you mention about the Dane is strange but I am well used to these things.'

To Harriet Shaw Weaver, 13 January 1925

Joyce hadn't taken account of many ordinary English words, which also turned out to be little known names of rivers (e.g. 'went', ‘steeping’, ‘battle’, 'king', 'heart', 'rat', 'high', 'till', 'silver', 'stone' and 'elm').  These were already in the first typescript before he began deliberately adding names.

‘He has all my water black on me’ was written in February 1924, four months before Joyce started adding rivers; yet an ingenious river hunter has discovered the Blackwater rivers here.  

Here's how fweet's list begins:

The list, based on Roland McHugh's Annotations to Finnegans Wake, doesn't say where the rivers are. When we looked for the Cheb, the first one on the list, no river came up on google. But after I shared this post on Twitter/X,  Ronan Crowley (@Yellworque) found the Cheb, a river in what was then Czechoslovakia. It’s the old Bohemian name for the Eger or Ohre. Thanks Ronan! 

Ronan found the river in Joyce's source, John Bartholomew's Handy Reference Atlas of the World, 1923 (identified by Danis Rose and John O'Hanlon).  Joyce must have spent long hours working his way through the index, noting place names followed by an 'R' for River, and then thinking about how he could use each word.

Here he picked the Cheb, but left the Cheat.

Apart from real rivers from the Atlas, Joyce included the rivers of the Greek underworld - Cocytus, Acheron, Styx, Lethe and Pyriphlegethon.

DAVY CUNNINGHAM, RIVER MONITOR

At our first meeting, Davy Cunningham, who designs the lighting for operas when he's not reading Joyce, generously volunteered to be our river monitor. Every week, he would check the fweet list and try to locate the rivers, posting the results to the group's Facebook page. He's agreed to let me share his findings here.

Davy talks what he learned from the search:

'Some of the names are not rivers, but towns or mountains. I imagine this is because, when a name is written on a map, it's not always clear what it refers to. Many of them, particularly in Australia and Africa, are colonial in origin. Since many of the African countries have become independent since 1939, many of these colonial names have been replaced. As Joyce got many names from the index of an atlas the compiler of that index may have made some mistakes. Also, some alphabets don't have some letters, while others have additional letters, so spelling in transliteration becomes flexible. In the US many river names are taken from Native American languages. In other examples, where names are conveyed orally, misunderstandings occur, or the same river has different names in different languages.

Joyce was really only interested in the sound of the words, and their use to him in forming the word-play of the Wake. I don't think he cared much where they were in the world, except maybe the Irish ones.

Some names are very hard to search for, eg Error (p198 - L12). Try asking Google.

I have in one case, p197 - L26 Quagua, included a link to an old sketch map, where the name is written along the bends of the river.

In another case, Trader Beck (p198 - L6), I can find a company of that name in the US, but no river.'

Davy found this in an 1899 German atlas 

Davy has now gone through the whole list for a second time, using the index to Bartholomew's Atlas to see which rivers Joyce might have taken from there. The rivers which are in the Index I will colour brown.

Watch the list change colour.

FW rivers on p196.

L6 - Cheb - A river and a town in Czechia

 

L6 - Went - Yorkshire, tributary of the Don

(see also 204.06; 205.23;206.12;213.23; 214.01)

 

L6 - Futa - Chile, suitable for white water rafting

 

L6 - Taff - Wales, flows though Cardiff

 

L11 - Reppe - South of France, flows into the Med near Toulon.

 

L12 - Blackwater - There are six Blackwaters: one in Northern Ireland, flowing into Lough Neagh, another in Munster, two in England (Essex and Hampshire), one in the Scottish Highlands and another in British Columbia. The atlas has only the Irish and Essex Blackwaters.

 

L13 - Steeping - Lincolnshire, flows into the North Sea near Skegness

 

L13 - Stupia - Poland, flows into the Baltic at Ustka.

 

L13 - Upa - Russia, tributary of the Oka, and eventually the Volga.

 

L14 - Heart - North Dakota, tributary of the Missouri.

L15 - Saale - Germany, flows through Halle.

 

L15 - Duddon - Lake District, flows into the Irish Sea

 

L17 - Battle - Canada, tributary of the Saskatchewan.

 

L17 - Moldau - Vlatava - Czechia - flows through Prague - Smetana 

 

L18 - Dnieper - now Belarus and Ukraine, war zone.

 

L18 - Ganges - India

 

L19 - Sendai - Japan, flows into the Sea of Japan at Tottori (listed as a town in the Atlas)

 

L20 - Lough Neagh - lake in Northern Ireland (under 'Neagh, Lough').

 

L20 - Locha - Delbhna Tír Dhá Locha ("The Delbhna of the Two Lakes”), Connemarra.

 

L21 - Nisi - Nepal, tributary of the River Badigad, and eventually the Ganges.

 

L21 - Fier - Haute Savoie, France - north of Annecy, flows into the Rhone

 

L21 - Ilisus - Flows through Athens, Greece - mostly underground now

(The setting of Plato's Phaedrus, where it is described as 'clean and bright and suitable for maidens to play alongside' PC)

 

L21 - King - two rivers in SW Australia, south of Perth, and Tasmania (only Tasmania is in the Atlas)

 

L22 - Tom - Siberia - flows through Tomsk

L23 - Spring - river in Queensland, Australia (not now known to google)

 

L24 - Roughty - Ireland, County Kerry. 

 

L24 - Loo - Ireland, County Kerry. 

———————————————————————————————————-

 

FW rivers on page 197

 

L3 - High - Alberta, Canada.

 

L3 - Elde - N Germany, tributary of Elbe.

 

L4 - Wiese - Germany, Black Forest, tributary of the Rhine.

 

L4 - Rat - England, Suffolk.

 

L4 - Derry - Ireland, Leinster.

 

L7 - Gard (France), - River Gardon, Pont du Gard.

 

L7 - Elster - Germany, two rivers, Black and White.

 

L8 - Qu’appele - Canada, Saskatchewan province.

 

L9 - Ur, Üür - Northern Mongolia, south of Lake Baikal.

 

L10 - Concord - USA Mass, trib of Merrimack.

 

L10 - Merrimack - USA Mass, flows into Gulf of Maine.

 

L12 - Bann - Northern Ireland, through Lough Neagh.

 

L13 - Duck - USA, Tennessee, flows into Tenessee River.

 

L13 - Drake Creek - USA various, Arkansas, Kentucky.

 

L16 - Line - England, East Sussex, near Battle

 

L17 - Eye - England, two rivers, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Bart just has the town of Eye in Suffolk)

 

L17 - May - Australia, NW.

 

L17 - Pasmore - Canada, town called Passmore in British Columbia, but no river.

 

L17 - Don - three rivers, in Scotland, England, Russia.

 

L20 - Tin - various eg River Teign, Dartmoor or Kam Tin River, Hong Kong.

 

L20 - Delvin - Ireland, Co Dublin, north of Dublin.

 

L20 - Devlin - Ireland, tributary of River Boyne.

 

L21 - Astor - Pakistan, tributary of the Indus.

 

L23 - Adda - North Wales, Bangor.

 

L24 - Min - China, Sezchuan, tributary of the Yanktze.

 

L26 - Quagua (Africa), - Quaqua (or Cuacua) River, Mozambique, old sketch map, now called Bons Sinais.

L26 - Waag - Switzerland, tributary of Minster.

 

L27 - Grass- Canada, Manitoba, fur trade.

 

L28 - Ant - England, Norfolk, tributary of the Bure.

 

L28 - Ore (Scotland) - Fife, flows into Leven.

 

L28 - Arques - France, Normandy, enters the English Channel at Dieppe (listed as a town in Bart).

 

L29 - Till - England, Northumberland

 

L30 - Tilt - Scotland, Perth and Kinross, tributary of the River Garry.

 

L31 - Gran - Hungary, now called the Hron, tributary of the Danube.

 

L31 - Pheni - India & Bangladesh, eastern Bengal.

 

L32 - Pigeon (Canada) - Canada/US border, flows into Lake Superior. 

 

L33 - Marchan - Northern Spain, Galicia.

 

L33 - Suie Burn - Scotland, Aberdeenshire.

 

L35 - Runa - Spain, Navarre, now called the Arga, tributary of the Ebro.

 

L35 - Bow (Australia) - Kimberley, Western Australia/ Northern Territory. Also at 197.35, 198.27, 198.30, 199.27, 206.23.

 

L35 - Riss - Germany, Baden-Württemberg, tributary of the Danube.

 

L35 - Pilcomayo - Paraguy/ Bolivia, tributary of the Paraná.

 

L36 - Saskatchewan - Canada, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba.

 

——————————————————————————————————

 

FW rivers on p198

 

L3 - Swift - England, Leicestershire, tributary of Avon

 

L3 - Seba - Japan, near Nagano. 

L3 – Sebé - Gabon

 

L4 - Solomon - USA Kansas, tributary of Smoky Hill River

 

L4 - Ruhr - Germany tributary of Rhine

 

L5 - Spree - Germany, Berlin tributary of Havel

 

L5 - Boyarka - Ukraine, Kyiv

 

L5 - Bua - Africa, Malawi, flows into Lake Malawi (aka Nyasa)

 

L5 - Boyne - Ireland, Co Kildare & Co Meath

 

L5 - Bojana - Albania and Montenegro

 

L5 - Buëch - France, tributary of Durance

 

L5 - Erne - Ireland, Republic & Northern Ireland.

 

L5 - Lila - Iran (Lille in fweet is a town not a river)

 

L6 - Trader Beck - ???

(There is a River Beck, which flows through Beckenham, in South London. PC)

 

L8 - Winterbourne - England, Lewes, Sussex, dry in summer

 

L9 - Syr Darya - Kazakhstan

 

L9 - Bhader (India) - Bhadar, Gujurat

 

L11 - Salso - Sicily

 

L11 - Chambal - India, tributary of the Ganges

 

L11 - Chu - Kazahkstan and Kyrgyzstan

 

L12 - Error - ???

 

L12 - Du Chef - Canada, Quebec

 

L12 - Oise - France, Belgium, flows into the Seine

 

L13 - Gota - Göta, Sweden, Gothenburg (spelled Gotha in Bart)

 

L13 - Yssel -  Netherlands, also spelled IJssel 

 

L13 - Limmat - Switzerland, Zurich

 

L13 - Rio Negro - Columbia, Brazil, Tributary of the Amazon, described by Alfred Russel Wallace.

 

L14 - Rio La Plata - Argentina 

 

L15 - Ladder - Lidder, India, Kashmir

 

L15 - Conewango Creek - USA, Pennsylvania, tributary of the Alleghenny

 

L16 - Sina - India, Maharashtra

 

L16 - Santee - USA, South Carolina

 

L17 - Asse - France, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

 

L18 - Emme - Switzerland, Bern 

 

L18 - Reuss (Swiss) - Lucerne

 

L18 - Cher - France, tributary of the Loire

 

L18 - Honddu (Wales) - Powys, flows into the Usk

 

L18 - Yarkand (Palestine) - Israel, Tel-Aviv, more commonly Yarkon or Yarqon. The name means 'green'.

 

L19 - Shari - Africa, Central African Republic, Chad

 

L19 - Ebro - Spain, flows into Med in Catalonia

 

L20 - Skollis - not a river, but a mountain in Greece

 

L22 - Cox - New Zealand, South Island

 

L22 - Cocytus (Hades). Greek underworld river whose name means 'wailing', and a frozen lake for those who betrayed trust (Dante Inferno)

"Cocytus, named of lamentation loud / Heard on the rueful stream" Milton, Paradise Lost.

Gustave Doré's Cocytus

L22 - Sak (Thailand), - Pa Sak

 

L22 - Sake - No river, but town in DR Congo

 

L22 - Botletle - Africa, Botswana

 

L23 - Loa - Chile, Antofogasta region.

 

L23 - Windau - Latvia. Bart gives this old German name for the Venta.

 

L24 - Meuse - France, Belgium, Netherlands

 

L25 - Ribble - England, Lancashire

 

L25 - Reedy -  USA, South Carolina.

 

L25 - Derg - Ireland, Republic and Northern Ireland

 

L26 - Bogan - Australia, New South Wales

 

L26 - Bandon - Ireland, County Cork

 

L26 - Sûre - Luxembourg 

L26 - Suir - Kilkenny.

 

L26 - Fiddown - town by river Suir, Kilkenny

 

L26 - Don (Scotland, Russia) - Aberdeenshire and Russia, flows into Sea of Azov

 

L26 - Dee (Scotland) - Aberdeenshire

 

L27 - Bow  - Canada, Calgary and Western Australia, both in Bart.

 

L27 - Tista - India and Bangladesh, flows into Brahmaputra

 

L27 - Suck - Ireland, Shannon River Basin.

 

L29 - Humber -  England

 

L29 - Glommen - Norway

 

L29 - Tar - Ireland, Tipperary

 

L30 - Bubu - Africa, Tanzania

 

L31 - Bale - Africa, Mali

 

L31 - Brantas - Indonesia, East Java, flows into Java Sea near Surabaya.

 

L31 - Nera - Italy, Terni

 

L33 - Barrow - Ireland, rises in Slieve Bloom.

 

L34 - Sittiang - Myanmar

 

L34 - Sambre - France and Belgium, tributary of the Meuse

 

L34 - Sette - Congo. Bart gives a Sette Kama, but it's a village not a river.

 

L34 - Drammenselva - 'Drammen river' Norway (in Bart but not as river)

 

L35 - Drôme - France, tributary of the Rhône

 

L35 - Usk - South Wales

 

L35 - Rufu - Africa, Tanzania

——————————————————————————————————-

 

FW rivers on p199

 

L1 - Mormon - Moormans River, Virginia USA, or Mormon Ferry on the Green River, Wyoming

 

L1 - Thames - England

 

L1 - Hop - USA Connecticut

 

L2 - Moi - there is a Moy, Ireland, County Mayo in Bart, but no Moi

 

L3 - Peck - London, Peckham

 

L4 - Crocodile - South Africa, becomes the Limpopo

 

L5 - Hunse - Netherlands

 

L5 - Weir - Australia, Queensland

 

L5 - Dande - Africa, Angola

 

L6 - Drôme - France, tributary of the Rhône

 

L7 - Zwarte - Netherlands, flows through Hasselt

 

L7 - Kovsha - Russia. Tributary of Lake Beloye.

 

L8 - Worth - West Yorkshire, Keighley

 

L8 - Thet - Norfolk, Thetford, tributary of the Ouse.

 

L9 - Mess - Luxembourg

 

L9 - Dodo - Africa, Nigeria, flows into Gulf of Giunea

 

L9 - Durme - Belgium, tributary of the Scheldt.

 

L10 - Adra -  Spain, Andalucia, flows into Med

 

L10 - Dranse - Switzerland, tributary of the Rhône.

 

L10 - Durance - France, tributary of the Rhone, enters south of Avignon

 

L10 - Vaal - South Africa

 

L10 - Severn - England & Wales

 

L11 - Darent - Kent, flows through Dartford

 

L11 - Wink - Nottinghamshire

 

L12 - Wende, Germany

 

L12 - Wandle, South London, Wimbledon

 

L13 - Amazon - Brasil

 

L13 - Ishim - Kazakhstan and Russia, flows through Astana

 

L14 - Dan - USA  N Carolina and Virginia

 

L 14 - Euphrates - Iraq

 

L15 - Maggia - Switzerland & Italy, flows into lake Maggiore

 

L15 - Bloem - Bloemfontain River, South Africa

 

L16 - Lay - France, Vendée

 

L18 - Tay - Scotland

 

L18 - Dzo - Not a river, but a cross between a yak and a cow

 

L18 - Dzugban - not a river, maybe Dzherman, Bulgaria?

 

L18 - Kafue - zambia, tributary of the Zambezi

 

L18 - Mokau - New Zealand, North Island

 

L18 - Au Sable - USA, Michigan, flows into Lake Huron

 

L19 - Si-Kiang - China, tributary of the Pearl River. Also called the Xi or Hsi Xiang.

 

L19 - Sukri - India, Rajastan.

 

L19 - Ale Water - Scotland, tributary of Teviot

 

L19 - Shinko - Central African Republic, tributary of the Mbomou River

 

L20 - Ham, Africa, Namibia

 

L20 - Jam - not a river but a town in Iran on Persian Gulf (given by Bart)

 

L20 - Jambi - not a river but a province and a city in Sumatra (Bart). The local river is the Batti Harang.

 

L20 - Bana - Nigeria

 

L21 - Tomi - Russia, Tomsk

 

L22 - Goyt - England, trib of Mersey

 

L22 - Russ - Not a river, a village in NE France

 

L23 - Vivero - Viviero is a town in NE Spain, not a river

 

L23 - Sieve - Italy trib of Arno

 

L23 - Metauro - Italy east coast

 

L23 - Swale - England

 

L24 - Hardey - Western Australia

 

L24 - Frome - Dorset

 

L24 - Stour - East Anglia

 

L25 - Sow - Staffordshire, trib of Trent

 

L25 - Sozh - Russia, belarus and Ukraine

 

L26 - Platte - Nebraska

 

L26 - Tawe - Wales, Swansea

 

L27 - Esk - Scotland, Lothian

 

L27 - Vistula - Poland

 

L27 - Heart - US - North Dakota

 

L29 - Suchio - Italy

 

L30 - Hen - not a river, a village in Norway

 

L34 - Roya - France and Italy

 

L34 - Romanche - SE France

 

L34 - Ebro - Spain

 

L34 - Aroostook - US, Maine

 

L34 - Nive - Australia, Queensland

 

L35 - Sense - Switzerland

 

L35 - Arta - not a river, village in Greece

L35 - Pyriphlegethon - Hades river of fire, from pyr (fire) and phlegethon (burning). Also called the Phlegethon. In Dante's Inferno, a river of blood that boils souls of those who were violent against their neighbours.

 

L36 - Fan - Albania

 

L36 - Anner - Ireland, Co Tipperary

 

L36 - Dasht - Pakistan

 

L36 - Vire - Normandy

 

—————————————————————————————————-

 

FW rivers on P200

L1 - Nith - River - Scotland, flows through Dumfries

L2 - Jade - Lower Saxony

L2 - Robe - Ireland, County Mayo

L2 - Wood - Canada, Saskatchewan

L4 - Brahmani - Eastern India

L5 - Fem - Netherlands

L7 - Wkra - NE Poland

L11 - Var - SE France, flows into the Med at Nice

L12 - Sanga - Central Africa, tributary of the Congo. Also spelled Sangha.

L12 - Holme - West Yorkshire

L13 - Pigg - USA, Virginia

L13 - Soar - East Midlands, flows through Leicester

L13 - Tone - Somerset

L14 - Sonora - Mexico

L14 - Botha - Canada

L14 - Bheri - Nepal

L14 - Sandy (USA) - Oregon (Bart has a Sandy Bay)

L15 - Umvolosy - Madagascar

L15 - Yaw - Myanmar, tributary of the Irriwaddy

L16 - Dee - Bart lists three, and a Deel

L16 - Yare - Norfolk, England

L16 - Chalk - not a particular river, but a stream in chalk hills

L17 - Sorgue - France, flows into Rhone at Avignon

L17 - Doon - Ayrshire

L18 - Douro - flows from Spain to Porto in Portugal (Bart has Portugal)

L18 - Dudhi - India

L18 - Shirvan - a town on the Kura river in Azerbaijan, but given as a Persian river and town in Bart.

L19 - Siligir - Siberia.

L19 - Wensum - Norfolk

L19 - Farmer Creek - USA Oregon

L20 - Daer - tributary of the Clyde at Elvanfoot

L20 - Grawe - Isle of Man reservoir

L23 - Shubenacadie - Canada, Nova Scotia

L24 - Sihl - Switzerland, near Zurich

L28 - Siller - India, Madras

L28 - Silver - Ireland, Co Offaly, Slieve Bloom

L29 - Neisse - German/Polish border

L29 - Little - Canada, Vancouver Island

L30 - Inny - Cornwall

L31 - Pleisse - Saxony and Thuringia

L31 - Adda - Northern Italy

L31 - Tamar - Devon and Cornwall

L31 - Liz - USA, Elizabeth river, Chesapeake Bay

L31 - Lossie - NE Scotland, near Elgin 

L32 - Hab - Pakistan

L33 - Wye - England/Wales border

L33 - Rye -  North York Moors

L33 - Rima Africa - Nigeria

L33 - Odet - Brittany

L34 - Trent - England, from Staffordshire to the Humber

L35 - Pian Creek Australia - North New South Wales

L35 - Piana - Russia, word for drunk, not a river

L35 - Pienaars - South Africa, North of Pretoria

L36 - Lerryn - Cornwall

L36 - Cushing Creek - Northern California

 

FW rivers on p201  

L1 - Tummel - Scotland Perth & Kinross, tributary of the Tay

L1 - Rede - Otterburn, Northumberland 

L4 - Ore - Fife

L3 - Tarn, France, North of Toulouse

L4 - Essone - France, trib of Seine

L4 - Inn - Austria, Innsbruck

L8 - Dane - England, Cheshire

L8 - Hodder - England, Lancashire 

L8 - Dodder - trib of the Liffey

L10 - May - Western Australia, Kimberley

L10 - Honey Creek - USA, many

L10 - Embira - Brazil, trib of Amazon

L13 - Irwell - Manchester

L13 - Shire - Mozambique, trib of Zambezi

L16 - Milk - US, Montana, trib of Missouri

L17 - Brittas, - a tributary of the River Liffey.

L18 - Tolka - North Dublin

L19 - Feale - County Cork

L19 - Gaya - East China (but also city in India) not a river

L19 - Aire - Yorkshire

L19 - Salt - Africa, Cape Town & US, Arizona

L21 - Onon - Russia & Mongolia

L21 - Teign - Devon

L22 - Ingul - Ukraine (Inhul)

L22 - Potters - County Wicklow

L22 - Fly - Indonesia - Papua New Guinea

L23 - Jagst - Germany, Baden Würtemburg

L23 - Vesle - N. France, flows through Reims

L23 - Vet - South Africa

L23 - Fever - Wisconsin (also called the Galena)

L24 - Mahu - Solomon Islands

L24 - Mahon - Ireland, County Waterford, in Bart but not a river

L24 - Horse Creek, US, Wyoming

L25 - Hazel Creek, US North Carolina

L26 - King’s US - 1 California, 2 Arkansas

L26 - King’s Inns Quay - Liffey, Four Courts

L26 - Inn - Austria, Innsbruck

L27 - Leven - Loch Lomond to the Clyde  (Loch Lomond is in Bart)

L28 - Rede - Northumberland

L30 - Mean - ??? - Meander, Turkey

L30 - Açu - Brazil

L30 - Cumina - Russia, Kumina, Perm - or - Cuminapanema, Brazil

L30 - Moy - Counties Sligo and Mayo

L30 - Ola - Russia, Far East, flows into Sea of Okhotsk

L33 - Box - Suffolk, tributary of the Stour

L33 - Box Creek - New South Wales, Australia

L33 - Bishop’s Brook - NY state, near Syracuse

L33 - Cane - Louisianna

L33 - Kundar - Pakistan

L34 - Ayr - Ayrshire

L34 - Yea - Australia, Victoria - in Bart as a town but not a river

L35 - Loddon - also Australia, Victoria

————————————————————————————

FW rivers on p202

L1 - du Nord - Ottawa, Canada

L2 - Sooke, Canada, BC

L2 - Sudd - Swamp in South Sudan, on Nile.

L3 - Mess - Luxembourg

L3 - Missouri - USA

L4 - Haw - North Carolina, trib of Cape Fear River.

L5 - Shoal - Florida panhandle

L6 - Owen - New Zealand 

L6 - Töss - Switzerland, Zurich.

L6 - Nare - Colombia

L7 - Cam - Cambridge

L7 - Camlin - Ireland, trib of Shannon, kayaking

L8 - Neckar - Germany, Black Forest, Stuttgart, Heidelberg, trib of Rhine

L8 - Dive - Normandy, flows into English Channel

L9 - Font - Northumberland

L10 - Link - Oregon

L11 - Tapti - India, Madya Pradesh

L11 - Jutahy - Brazil. Better known as Jutai.

L11 - Pietar - Spain

L12 - Clyde - Scotland, also in Tasmania and Baffin Island (all in Bart)

L12 - Waihou - New Zealand

L12 - Thur - Switzerland

L13 - Huebra - Spain

L14 - Tilar - Tilar Nadi, India

L14 - Sauldre - France

L14 - Salor - Rio Salor, Spain

L14 - Pieman - Tasmania

L14 - Peace - Canada, BC

L15 - Polista, Russia - Polist, Novgorod, W Russia

L15 - Elwy, Wales - North Wales

L15 - Esk - Angus, Dumfries & Galloway, Northumberland

L16 - Vardar - North Macedonia (Yugoslavia in Bart)

L17 - Aherlow - Ireland, Co Limerick

L18 - Arc - France, Savoie

L18 - Fidaris - Greece

L19 - Doubs - France & Switzerland

L19 - Niemen - Belarus, Lithuania

L19 - Nile - Egypt

L21 - Nuanetzi - Zimbabwe, trib of Zambezi

L22 - Tez - Russia, Ivanovo, near Moscow

L22 - Thelon - Northern Canada

L22 - Langlo - Oz, Queensland

L22 - Wear - NE England

L22 - Loon - Canada US border

L22 - Wabash - Ohio

L23 - Tow - Ireland, Antrim, flows to the sea at Ballycastle

L23 - Towy, Wales

L23 - Sid - Devon

L23 - Huon - Oz, Tasmania

L24 - Gravelly - Delaware

L24 - Wolf - Tennessee

L25 - Blyth - Suffolk

L26 - Ofin - Ghana

L26 - Jump - Wisconsin

L26 - Jumna - Northern India, sacred

L28 - Silva - Russia, Perm (anomolous zone?)

L29 - Hay - Canada, Alberta

L30 - Sun - USA Montana

L32 - Foss - Yorkshire, trib of Ouse in York

L32 - Sankh - India

L33 - Neath - South Wales

L34 - Tigris - Iraq

L35 - Corrib, Ireland - flows from Lough Corrib to Galway Bay (Bart has only the lake).

L 35 - Acheron - Greek underworld river and also a real river in Epirus, which was thought to lead to Hades. Charon ferries the souls of the dead across the Acheron to hell in Dante's Inferno, Canto III.

Charon thumps the dead with his oar to get them into his boat.

L36 - Nula - Russia

——————————————————————————-

FW Rivers on p203

L2 - Bride - Ireland

L3 - Grain - no river, Isle of Grain, River Medway

L4 - Asata - Nigeria (fweet has Asat)

L7 - Wellington - Victoria, Australia

L8 - Lesse - Belgium

L8 - Lagos - Lagoon, Nigeria

L8 - Dove - Peak District

L8 - Duna - (Danube)

L9 - Sarthe - France, near Le Mans

L9 - Suir, - Tipperary and Munster

L9 - Finn - Ulster, Ireland

L10 - Mourne - Ulster

L10 - Nore - Munster

L10 - Lieve Canal - Belgium

L10 - Bloem - no river, Bloemfontain South Africa

L11 - Bray - Leinster

L11 - Braye - France, trib of Loire 

L11 - Divatte - France, trib of Loire

L11 - Moy - Connacht

L12 - Colne - Essex, Colchester

L14 - Neya - Russia

L14 - Narev - Narew, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine

L14 - Nen - East Midlands

L14 - Nonni - NE China

L14 - Nos - Italy, a little river near the Austrian border (on the right below)

L14 - Ow - Ireland

L15 - Avoca - Co Wicklow

L15 - Ystwith - Ceredigion, Wales

L15 - Yokanka - Murmansk, Russia

L15 - Yukon - Alaska

L16 - Dell Creek - Wisconsin

L16 - Fairy Water - Tyrone, Ireland

L16 - Ferse - Poland

L17 - Dinkel - Germany and Netherlands

L17 - Dale - Western Australia

L17 - Lugg - Wales, trib of Wye

L19 - Lava - Corsica

L20 - Derg - County Donegal

L20 - Juna - Yuna, Dominican Republic

L20 - Juny - Andorra

L20 - Oso - Corsica

L21 - Nance Creek - Alabama, trib of Tennessee River

L21 - Escaut - French name of Scheldt, Belgium

L21 - Sycamore Creek - California

L24 - Singimari - India

L24 - Struma - Bulgaria and Greece

L24 - Red - China and Viet Nam or USA, Texas

L24 - Bug - Poland

L24 - Vaucluse - Fontaine-de-Vaucluse, Provence, source of R. La Sorgue

L24 - Lucy Creek - South Carolina

L27 - Arrone - Italy, near Rome

L27 - Orange - South Africa

L27 - Eye - Scotland

L29 - Mavri - not a river but a mountain in Crete

L30 - Tees - England

L31 - Maas - Flemish name for the Meuse, France and Belgium

L31 - Mesha - Russia

L32 - Simba Uranga - Tanzania

L32 - Ogi - Japan

L33 - Thurso - Caithness

L34 - Baïse - France

L35 - Lippe - Germany

L35 - Acis - Italy, Sicily, foot of Mount Etna

L35 - Kiso - Japan

L35 - Kushk - Afghanistan Turkmenistan border

L36 - Nive - France, Basque

L35 - Neva - St Petersburg or Niva, Murmansk

———————————————————————————————-

FW rivers on p204

L2 - Aisne - NE France

L3 - Tura - Siberia

L5 - Liffey - Ireland

L5 - Na’aman - Israel

L6 - Went, England - Yorkshire

L9 - Birch, Canada - Manitoba

L9 - Canoe - USA Mass.

L10 - Lea, England - SE, trib of Thames

L10 - Leda, Germany - Lower Saxony

L10 - Raidak - Bhutan, India & Bangladesh, trib of Brahmaputra

L11 - Cygnet - South Australia

L12 - Chirripo - Costa Rica

L12 - Po - Italy

L17 - Lay - France, Vendée

L18 - Black - Many in USA, and in translation worldwide

L18 - Rainy - Canada/US border, Ontario and Minnesota

L21 - Findhorn - NE Scotland

L22 - Flinders - Australia, Queensland

L25 - Fleury - not a river, a village

L25 - Flores - Puerto Rico

L25 - Back - Canada, extreme north

L26 - Loth - Not a river but a village in NE Scotland

L28 - Rother - South Yorkshire and East Sussex

L30 - Jub - Jubba, Somalia

L30 - Wieprz - Poland, trib of the Vistula

L30 - Rance - NW France

L32 - Vesdre - Belgium

L33 - Colo - New South Wales

L34 - Oder - Polish/German border

L34 - Magra - NW Italy

L35 - Aird - Region of Scotland, N of Great Glen, means the high place

L36 - Baptiste - Canada, Alberta

—————————————————————

FW rivers p205

L2 - Paar - Germany

L2 - Old - ? Old Bedford River, Great Ouse.

L2 - Welland - Eastern England, flows through Stamford

L7 - Nuble - Chile

L7 - Ellis - USA, New Hampshire

L9 - Annan - Scotland, flows through Moffat and Lockerbie

L9 - Exe - Devon & Somerset

L9 - Keowee - Oconee County, South Carolina

L10 - May - Western Australia

L10 - Wiske - Yorkshire, trib of Swale

L15 - Amstel - Amsterdam

L15 - Garonne - France

L16 - Meriç - or Maritsa, Bulgaria

L16 - Corda - Brazil

L16 - Saturday - maybe trib of Susquehanna.

L17 - Zindeh - Isfahan, vanished in earthquake, 1853

L17 - Sunday - Sundays, South Africa, Eastern Cape

L17 - Mun - Shortened Mundesley, Norfolk

L17 - Monday - Paraguay

L18 - White - 5 in USA, one in St Austell, Cornwall

L19 - Egg - Minnesota, (Egg and Bacon Bay, OZ)

L21 - Kunna - not river, but village in India - Kura, Caucuses

L22 - Thew - Glamorgan

L22 - Sava - Balkans, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia

L22 - Savuto - Calabria, S Italy

L23 - Erriff - Ireland, Co Mayo

L23 - Arve - France & Switzerland, trib of Rhone

L25 - Inn - Austria

L26 - Scour - Feature of rivers

L26 - Vartry, Wicklow - water for Dublin, Sally Gap

L27 - Ikom - area of Croos River State, Nigeria

L27 - Etsch - German Adige, N Italy

L28 - Cammock - Camac, Dublin, means bend

L29 - Ross - N Queensland

L29 - Turco - Town in Bolivia

L29 - Evros - Bulgaria, same as Meriç

L32 - Peiho - Beijing

L32 - Ubangi - Central African Republic - French colonial Ubangi-Shari

L33 - Tiaret - city in Algeria

L33 - Busby - Town in E Renfrewshire

L34 - Neva - St Petersburg

L34 - Pete - Peters, Mass & Rhode Island

L35 - Cabin Creek - W Virginia, trib of Kanawha River

L36 - Enna - Bergamo Alps, N. Italy

————————————————————-

FW rivers on p206

L1 - Mauldre - France trib. of Seine

L2 - Caguan - Colombia, Amazon basin

L3 - Ma - Viet Nam, Song Ma

L3 - Hong - (Red) China & Vietnam, flows onto Gulf of Tonkin

L4 - Alaw - Wales, Anglesey

L4 - Styx - River of Hades whose name means 'shuddering'.  In the Iliad and the Odyssey, the gods swear by the waters of the Styx, which Homer calls the 'dread river of oath' (Iliad 2.755).

A river crossed by Charon, ferryman of the dead.

L5 - Wynd Brook - near Tewksbury, Gloucestershire

L6 - Virgin - US, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, trib of Colorado

L8 - Nievre - France, trib of Loire, name of département.

L8- Dungu - DR Congo

L9 - Meurthe - NE France, trib of Moselle

L9 - Maguera - maybe Brazil, but Mapuera, trib of trib of Amazon

L9 - Zak - Klein Zak, South Africa, Northern Cape

L12 - Boucq - town in Meurthe et Moselle

L12 - Moore - Oz, Western Oz, north of Perth.

L14 - Giguela - Spain, Castille/La Mancha

L15 - Rabbit - Minnesota, trib of Bois de Sioux

L15 - Min - China, Sichuan

L15 - Mina - Africa, Algeria

L15 - Aa - NW France, flows into English Channel

L16 - Minho - Spanish / Portugese border

L18 - Dargle - Wicklow, Powerscourt waterfall

L19 - Chanza - Spain & Portugal

L19 - Tirry - NE Scotland, north of Lairg

L20 - Avre - Normandy

L21 - Woman - Ontario, Canada?

L23 - Bow - Oz & Canada

L24 - Oise - Northern France, trib of Seine

L24 - Slaney - Wicklow, flows into Irish Sea at Wexford

L24 - Deel - Cork & Limerick

L25 - Tongue - Montana & N. Dakota

L25 - Thet - Norfolk, Thetford.

L25 - Thouet - France, trib of Loire

L26 - Scheldt - Belgium

L26 - Lynd - Australia, Queensland

L27 - Ash - Hertfordshire, near Stansted

L27 - Cannon - USA Minnesota, Australia Queensland

L29 - Fal - Cornwall (Falmouth)

L30 - Teviot - trib of Tweed

L30 - Sampu - Sambu, Panama

L31 - Gala - trib of Tweed, Galashiels

L31 - Fragua - Colombia, Amazon Basin

L31 - Wupper - trib of Rhine, Wuppertal

L31 - Laua - Philippines

L31 - Lauer - Bavaria

L32 - Greese - Wicklow

L32 - Reese - Nevada, trib of Humboldt

L33 - Warthe - Warth Weir on Irwell, or Warta in Poland, through Poznan

L33 - Wear - NE England

L33 - Mole - Surrey, trib of Thames

L33 - Itchen - Hampshire, near Southampton

L34 - Serpentine - London, Lake on river Westbourne, also Alaska.

L34 - Leaf - US, Mississippi

L35 - Prunelli - Corsica

L35 - Isle - SW France, trib of Dordogne 

L35 - Esla - Spain, trib of Duero

L35 - Dun - Wiltshire & Berkshire, trib of Kennet

L36 - Peel - Canada, Yukon, trib of the MacKenzie

L36 - Mary - Oz, Queensland

L36 - Gold - Nova Scotia, Canada, but also China, now called the Ashi

L36 - Belly - US Montana & Alberta, Canada

———————————————————————————————

FW rivers on p207

L1 - Anguille - US, Arkansas

L6 - Richmond - New South Wales

L7 - Rehr - Ruhr? Village called Rehren, west of Hanover.

L7 - Rhine - Europe

L7 - Stone US - Tennessee

L8 - Smut - Ballysmuttan bridge over Liffey, county Wicklow?

L8 - Eye - Leicestershire

L9 - Lippe - Germany, trib of Rhine

L10 - Birrie - New South Wales

L11 - Indre, France - trib of the Loire

L11 - Loire - France

L12 - Grande - US Mex border

L12 - Real - Brazil

L13 - Mississippi - USA

L13 - Missouri - USA

L15 - Brie - not river but town N France

L15 - Arros - SW France, Pyrenees

L16 - Mine - Lots of mines on rivers

L16 - Bride, Ireland - Cork and Waterford

L16 - Zambezi - South Africa

L18 - Slang, Africa - Mpumalanga, South Africa, 

L19 - Oyster - USA New Hampshire

L19 - Forth - Scotland

L19 - Bassein - Myanmar

L21 - Spiti - India

L22 - Irthing - Cumbria

L22 - Neath - Wales

L23 - Lomba - Angola

L23 - Mosel, Moselle - France and Germany

L24 - Ogowe - Gabon, West Africa

L24 - Julia - Kenya

L24 - Ishikari - Japan

L24 - Washimeska - Quebec, Canada

L25 - Arish - Wadi-al-Arish, Egypt

L25 - Caratirimani - Brazil

L26 - Bonaventura - Quebec, Canada

L26 - Malagasy - Adjective for Madagascar

L26 - Malagarasi - Tanzania

L26 - Oudon - Western France

L26 - Liddel - Scottish/English border

L30 - Test - Hampshire

L31 - Peace - Alberta, Canada

L33 - Hooghly - India

L33 - Iglau - Czech Republic

L34 - Bush - Ireland

L34 - Moma - Russia

L35 - Ems - West Sussex, Chichester Harbour

L35 - Embarrass - Illinois, trib of Wabash

L36 - Aue - Two, both in Germany

L36 - Awe - Scotland, Loch Awe

L36 - Judy Creek - Alaska

L36 - Queen - Tasmania 

————————————————————————————

FW rivers p208

L1 - Elbe - Germany

L1 - Saisi - Zambia

L2 - Save - Zimbabwe & Mozambique

L2 - Tagus - Spain, Portugal, Lisbon

L2 - Werra - Germany

L3 - Ourthe - Belgium

L3 - Big - Canada, Saskatchewan

L4 - Epte - Northern France

L5 - Liddel - S Scotland & N England

L5 - Longa - India & Bangladesh

L5 - Linth - Switzerland

L7 - Hat Creek - California & Georgia

L7 - Guadalquivir - Spain

L8 - Arno - Italy

L9 - Guil - France, Haut-Alpes

L9 - Owl, Canada - Manitoba

L10 - Eye, Scotland - Eyemouth

L10 - Fish - Nimabia

L10 - Netze - Poland

L11 - Hydaspes - Pakistan

L11 - Boucq - France, Meurthe et Moselle

L12 - Aube - France, trib of Seine

L13 - Gallego - Argentina

L 13- Vaipar - India, Tamil Nadu

L 13- Tinto - Spain

L14 - Line - Lune or Loyne, Cumbria and Lancashire

L15 - Blood - South Africa (battle 1838)

L15 - Orange - South Africa

L16 - Black - 47 Black Rivers, five continents

L17 - Tan - Southern China

L17 - Joseph - Ohio, trib of Maumee

L17 - Sequana (Seine) - France, godess of Seine

L18 - Lea - England

L19 - Swan - Western Australia, runs through Perth

L19 - Gaspereau - Nova Scotia, Canada

L19 - Hay - Northwest Territories, Canada

L19 - Roper - Northern Territory, Australia, flows into Gulf of Carpentaria

L19 - Codroy - Newfoundland, Canada

L19 - Alpheus - Greece, Peleponnese

L22 - Windrush - Trib of Thames

L24 - Somme - France

L25 - Sioule - Massif Central, France

L26 - Lunga - Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands

L27 - Gumti - Uttar Pradesh, India, trib of Ganges

L28 - Elk - West Virginia

L28 - Nazas - Northern Mexico

L30 - Lotsani - Botswana

L30 - Trothy - Wales, Monmouthshire

L30 - Poddle - Dublin

L31 - Fol - Fal, Cornwall, Falmouth

L31 - Fenny - Bangladesh

L31 - Hex - South Africa

L31 - Char - Dorset

L32 - Musha - Papua New Guinea

L32 - Mullet - Wisconsin

L33 - Belon - France, Brittany

L33 - Chariton - Missouri

L33 - Queen - Tasmania

L34 - May - Western Australia

L35 - Regnitz - Bavaria

L35 - Wharfe - Yorkshire

L35 - Darling - New South Wales

L35 - Murray - New South Wales, Victoria

L35 - Mirror - Japan - Kagami means mirror

L36 - Mersey - Liverpool

L36 - Körös - Eastern Hungary

——————————————————————————————

FW rivers p209

L3 - Waal - Netherlands, trib of Rhine

L4 - Eel - California

L4 - Jucar - Spain, flows into Med south of Valencia

L4 - Oich - Scotland, Great Glen

L5 - Meander - Turkey, West coast, flows into Med near Miletus, Homer.

L6 - Bonnet - Ireland, Sligo, one n or two

L6 - Avon - Stratford

L7 - Fish, Africa - South Africa, Eastern Cape

L7 - Clarence - Australia, New South Wales

L7 - An - No river

L7 - Anabar - Northern Russia, temp below 0, 8 months of year, Jan & Feb -30

L8 - Crouch - England, Essex

L8 - Bates Creek - USA, Missouri

L8 - South - USA, Georgia

L9 - Granite Creek - Canada, British Columbia

L10 - Bhagirathi - India, Uttarakhand, Headstream of Ganges

L10 - Hatti - India, Karnataka

L11 - Tembe - Afric, Mozambique

L11 - Pili - Nigeria

L11 - Saaservisp(a) - Switzerland

L12 - Taas, England - Norfolk Tas

L12 - Thunder - USA Arizona, Grand Canyon

L13 - Battle, Canada - Canada, Northern Saskatchewan

L14 - Soo Canal - Canada, connects Lakes Superior and Huron

L14 - Aube - France

L14 - Bearba - Irish origin of River Barrow

L15 - Son - India, trib of Ganges

L16 - Worth - Yorkshire, Haworth

L17 - Spey - Scotland

L17 - Prut - Romania, trib of Danube

L18 - Arun - Sussex

L18 - Gironde - France

L18 - Waveney - Norfolk/Suffolk

L18 - Lyne - 2, one in Cumbria, the other in Peebleshire

L18 - Garumna - Latin name of Garonne

L19 - Boulder Creek - California

L19 - Narova - Estonia

L19 - Arrow - Powys and Herefordshire

L20 - Vet - South Africa, trib of the Vaal

L21 - Curaray - Ecuador & Peru

L21 - Medway - Kent (Medway towns)

L22 - Weser - Germany

L22 - Eder - Gemany, North Rhine/ Westphalia

L22 - Eider - Germany, Schleswig Holstein

L22 - Chattahoochee - USA Georgia

L23 - Ain - France, Jura

L23 - Chichiu - Maybe Mexico, maybe Solomon Islands

L23 - Cree - Scotland, Wigtown/Kirkcudbright

L24 - Nisling - Canada, Yukon

L24 - Isole - Brittany

L25 - Rom - Essex, trib of Thames

L26 - Lech - Austria, Germany, trib of Danube

L26 - Dart - Dartmoor

L26 - Hans - Han, South Korea, through Soeul

L27 - Box Creek, Oz - Queensland

L27 - Aisch - Bavaria

L27 - Ivari - ??? Fish farm in Greece

L29 - Fleet - London

L30 - Glashaboy - Co. Cork

L31 - Polly - NW Scotland

L31 - Polimounty - Co Wexford

L34 - Vivi - Siberia or Puerto Rico

L34 - Vienne - SW France

L35 - Sula - Russia, Arkangel

L35 - Susurluk - Turkey, flows into sea of Marmara

L35 - Aubone - Switserland (Aubonne)

L36 - Tambre - NW Spain

L36 - Chir - Russia, trib of Don

————————————————————————————-

FW rivers p210

L1 - Jari - Brazil, trib of Amazon

L1 - Dive - W France

L1 - Neb - Isle of Man

L1 - Sacco - Italy, Rome

L1 - Wabash - Indiana, trib of Ohio

L2 - Raab - SE Austria, trib of Danube

L2 - Maun - Nottinghamshire

L3 - Arigna - Co Kilkenny

L4 - Ribble - N Yorks and Lancashire

L4 - Derry - Co Wicklow/Co Wexford

L5 - Wicker - Wicker Branch, N Carolina

L5 - Pot - Shannon Pot, source

L6 - Bucha - Ukraine, Kyiv

L7 - Bann - N Ireland

L7 - Barrow - SE Ireland

L7 - Lee - Cork/Kerry

L10 - MacFarlane - Canada

L11 - Shin - NW Scotland

L13 - Walker - Nevada

L13 - Papar - Malaysia

L15 - Tech - France, French/ Spanish border

L15 - Tombigbee - Mississippi & Alabama

L16 - Hayes - Canada, N. Manitoba

L17 - Heart US - North Dakota

L18 - Val - South Africa

L21 - Mackenzie - Canada, longest river

L24 - Blanche - Canada, Ontario

L26 - Snake US & Canada - Wyoming, Idaho, Oregon, Washington

L28 - Reisa - Northern Norway

L30 - Tweed - Scotland

L30 - Mobile - Alabama

L30 - Saar - NE France & W Germany

L30- Jordan - Jordan

L31 - Orne - Normandy

L31 - Box Creek OZ - Queensland

L31 - Powder - Canada & US - Wyoming & Montana

L31 - Arun - West Sussex

L32 - Rhône - France

L35 - Dniester - Ukraine & Moldova

L35 - Egg - Minnesota

————————————————————————————

FW rivers on p211

L1 - Coll - Outer Hebrides

L1 - Tarrant - Dorset

L2 - Dean - Cheshire

L3 - Bitter USA - Wyoming Bitter Creek

L3 - Olivera - Colombia

L5 - Tiber - Italy, Rome

L5 - Pile - Alaska

L5 - Congo - DR Congo

L5 - Wood - Oregon

L5 - Cross - Nigeria

L7 - Rio Bravo - also Rio Grande

L7 - Pente - ???

L7 - Pite, Sweden - Northern Sweden

L7 - Lubilash - DR Congo, aka Sankuru

L7 - Olona - Italy, through Milan

L8 - Lena - Siberia

L8 - Magdalena - Colombia

L8 - Cam - Cambridge, aka Granta

L8 - Drôme - SE France, trib of Rhône

L9 - Shannon - Ireland

L10 - Dora Riparia - Italy, trib of Po

L10- Hope - Scotland, Sutherland

L13 - Volga - Russia

L14 - Belle - Belle Fourche, Wyoming & South Dakota

L14 - Misa - Italy, Marche

L15 - Taff - Cardiff

L16 - Rubicon - NE Italy

L17 - Tyne - Newcastle

L22 - Maggia - Switzerland

L25 - Ill - France, Colmar

L26 - Amur - Mongolia & Russia

L26 - Saint Lawrence - Canada

L28 - Oconee - Georgia

L28 - Mosquodoboit - Nova Scotia

L29 - Scott, Oz - Western Australia

L30 - Kan, China - or Gan, trib of Yangtze

L35 - Ida - Slovakia

L35 - Rock, USA - Illinois, trib of Mississippi

L36 - Swilly - Donegal

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FW rivers on p212

L1 -Yun - China, Guanxi

L1 - Yenisey, asia - Russia, Siberia, 5th longest in the world.

L1 - Laagen - Norway

L1 -Niger - africa

L1 - King, Oz

L2 - Ob - Russia

L3 - Magra - NW Italy

L4 - Delaware - 

L4 - Rossa - No river, but O’Donovan Rossa bridge in Dublin (1923)

L6 - Selinus - Greece, N Peleponnese

L6 - Salina Creek - USA, Utah

L6 - Susquehanna - USA

L6 - Pru - Ghana 

L7 - Ward - Dublin, N of Airport

L7 - Brosna - Ireland, trib of Shannon

L8 - Ena - Norway - 

L8 - Maas, - NL

L8 - Zusam - Bavaria, trib of Danube

L8 - Cammock (Camac) - Dublin

L9 - Melisse - Southern Brazil

L9 - Bradogue, Dublin - 

L9 - Fox, US - Wisconsin, trib of Illinois

L10 - Greaney - not a river but town in Minnesota

L10 - Leza - Spain

L11 - Licking - Kentucky

L11 - Leytha - Austria

L11 - Liane - France

L11 - Rosanna - Tyrol, Austria

L11 - Rohan - Indonesia

L12 - Sohan - Pakistan

L12 - Bina - Bavaria

L12 - Laterza - not a river but a town in southern Italy

L13 - Joseph - St Josep, Michigan

L13 - Foyle - Ireland

L13 - Snake - USA, Canada and Australia

L14 - Fountain Creek - Colorado

L14 - Noya - Catalunya

L14 - Laura - Roumania, Oz

L14 - Marie - 10 rivers

L15 - Frances, Canada - Yukon

L15 - Macleay - NS Wales

L15 - Ilek - Kazakhstan & Russia

L15 - Madre de Dios - Trib of Amazon

L16 - Bloodvein - Canada, Ontario & Manitoba

L17 - Devi - India

L17 - Vine - USA Massachusetts, trib of Shawsheen

L20 - Wardha - India, Maharashtra

L20 - Baker - Chile

L20 - Dusi, SA - South Africa (Dusi Canoe marathon)

L20 - Sind - India Kashmir

L21 - May Oz - Kimberley, Western Australia

L23 - Seal - Canada - Manitoba

L24 - Pison - Biblical, out of Eden, trib of Tigris?

L24 - Hudson - US, New York

L25 - Raft - Canada, British Columbia

L26 - Marne - France, trib of Seine

L26 - Merced - US, California, Yosemite, Ansell Adams

L26 - Mulde - Saxony, trib of the Elbe

L27 - Lohan - Romania

L31 - Dvina - Russia, Archangel

L33 - Chinook - US Washington state

L33 - Dodwell - no river, Dodwell Park near Stratford upon Avon

L35 - Omo - Ethiopia

————————————————————————————————-

FW rivers on p213

 

L2 - Floss - fictional, East England, trib of Trent, or Germany, Bavaria Floß.

L2 - Ja. Africa - Cameroon, Rep of Congo border, Dja

L2 - Altmühl - Bavaria, trib of Danube

L4 - Iskur - Bulgaria

L4 - Suda - Latvia

L5 - Chay, Tonkin - Viet Nam

L6 - Hoang Ho - China, Yellow river

L6 - Lost US - West Virginia

L7 - Aimihi - Aimini, Iran

L8 - Lovat - Belarus, aka Ouzel, Beds.

L8 - Gabir - Not river but town in South Sudan

L8 - Maur - Not river but Saint Maur in France

L9 - Morava - Moravia, Slovakia

L9 - Regen - Bavaria, trib of Danube.

L11 - Kennet - Wiltshire, trib of Thames, joins at Reading

L12 - Taling - NE China, Manchuria

L13 - Root - Minnesota, SE of Minneapolis

L14 - Cher - France, trib of the Loire

L14 - Ashley - South Carolina, flows through Charleston

L14 - Fiè - Italy, near Bolzano

L15 - Saône - France

L15 - Senne - Belgium, flows under Brussels

L16 - Clogh - Northern Ireland

L16 - Hurd - Hurdwar, town on Ganges, India

L18 - Ache - Austria, Austrian dialect for a water way.

Andreas Berger tells me, via email, that they "appear to be distinguished by definition from rivers, because they usually are, though being rather impressive bodies of water - due to their gradient - usually not navigable. That is: not navigable for ships of bigger size. All of them Ache(n) flowing in the Alps finally end up in navigable rivers."

L18 - Ping - Thailand

L18 - Pongo - West Africa, Guinea

L18 - Belle - Belle Fourche, trib of Cheyenne river, Wyoming

L19 - Pang - Berkshire, chalk stream, Pangbourne.

L20 - Godavari - India, 2nd river

L20 - Vert - SW France

L20 - Shower - ????

L21 - Thaya - Austria & Czechia, trib of Morava

L21 - Amana - Venezeula

L23 - Churn - Gloucestershire, trib of Thames

L23 - Derwent - Derbyshire, trib of Trent, Cumbria, Yorkshire & Tasmania

L24 - Lay - France, Vendée

L24 - Bride - Ireland, Co. Cork

L29 - Saint Joseph - USA, Michigan

L30 - Mutt - Zmutt, Switzerland, glacial, trib of Rhône

L30 - Warnow - Germany, Rostock

L30 - Alle - Poland and Kaliningrad Oblast, Łyna in Polish.

L33 - Lost - US, West Virginia

L34 - Shannon - Ireland

L36 - Yangtze - China, Yellow River (source in Tibet)

L36 - Hat Creek - USA, California.

—————————————————————————————————

FW rivers on p214

L1 - Lost, - US, West Virginia

L1 - Ister - Danube

L2 - Main - N Ireland, Co. Antrim

L3 - Manzanares - Spain, flows through Madrid

L4 - Loup - France, Alpes-Maritime

L6 - Orara - Oz, NSW

L6 - Orbe - France & Switzerland, Rhine Basin

L6 - Las Animas - Colorado, New Mexico

L7 - Ussa - Tanzania

L7 - Ulla - Spain, Galicia

L7 - Umba - Tanzania

L7 - Mexha - Russia, trib of Don

L8 - Ufa - Russia, Bashkortostan

L8 - Dee - Scotland & Wales

L9 - Irriwaddy - Myanmar

L9 - Stoke - Canada, Quebec

L9 - Aar - Switzerland, Bern

L 10 - Lethe - Greek underworld river whose name means 'forgetfulness'. The shades of the dead drink its waters to forget their earthly lives.

L10 - Orinoco - Venezuela and Colombia

L11 - Finn - Ulster

L11 - Joachim Creek - US, Missouri

L11 - Mono - Africa, Togo

L12 - Horse Creek - US, West Virginia

L12 - Otter - Devon (Otter Falls)

L13 - Yonne - France, trib of Seine, flows through Auxerre

L13 - Isset - Russia, Sverdlovsk

L18 - Maria Creek - US, Indiana (but also Antarctica, They Call the Wind…)

L18 - Greese - SE Ireland, Co Wicklow/Co Kildare, trib of Barrow

L19 -  Isonzo  - Slovenia (near Trieste)

L19 - Madame - Martinique

L19 - Amman - South  Wales

L20 - Conway - North Wales

L23 - Mary, Oz - Northern Territory

L24 - Alice, Oz - Queensland

L27 - Son - India, trib of Ganges

L28 - Limpopo - South Africa and Mozambique

L30 - Scamander - Turkey, Troy

L30 - Isar - Bavaria

L31 - Icis - Oxford?

L31 - Seint - ???

L31 - Zêzere - Portugal

L32 - Hamble - Hampshire

L32 - Black - about 100 in English, more in translation

L32 - Burry, Wales - Carmarthenshire

L34 - Me Nam - Minam, Oregon

L34 - Lyons - Lyon, trib of Tay, or Lyons, city

L34 - Gregory - Oz, Northern territory

L34 - Meyne - France, South of Orange

L35 - Drave - Croatia, Slovenia, Hungary, trib of Danube

—————————————————————————————-

FW rivers on p215

L1 - Pharphar - Syria (Biblical)

L2 - Nyar - India, foothills of Himalayas

L2 - Kistna -  Southern India, Krishna

L3 - Garry - Perthshire

L3 - Indus - India

L4 - Lune - Cumbria & Lancashire

L5 - Eye, Scotland - Scottish borders, Eyemouth

L7 - Milk - Alberta & Montana

L7 - Bubye - Zimbabwe, trib of Limpopo

L8 - Evenlode - Oxforshire, trib of Thames

L8 - Save - Southern France, trib of Garonne

L9 - Jurua - Peru and Brazil, trib of Amazon

L10 - Sow - Staffordshire, trib of Trent

L10 - Moy - Ireland, County Mayo

L11 - Valley -  Manitoba, Canada

L11 - Towy - Wales

L13 - Quare - Trinidad

L14 - Fingel - Fingle Bridge in Devon

L19 - Biferno - Italy, East coast

L20 - Pink, Canada - Alberta, really pink!

L20 - Lim - Devon/Dorset border

L21 - Indian - Florida

L21 - Milk - Alberta / Montana

L22 - Elfenland - not a river, a Board Game

L22 - Tees - NE England

L22 - Teme - Wales/England border & Shropshire

L23 - Seim - Seym, Russia & Ukraine

L26 - Trinity - Texas

L26 - Eure, France - NW trib of Seine

L27 - Our - Belgium

L28 - Ho - New Caledonia (Pacific Island)

L29 - Save, France - trib of Garonne

L33 - Liffey - Dublin

L34 - Oos - Baden Baden

L34 - Moos - Ontario

L35 - Elm - Illinois, Michigan, North Dakota

L36 - Halls Creek, Oz - Western Oz, Kimberley, Town

————————————————————————

FW rivers on p216

L3 - Elm - USA, Illinois, trib of Little Wabash

L4 - Stone, US - Tennessee (Stones)

 

THE END